Lecture 5

Northern Technical University
Technical College / Kirkuk
Mechanical Power Technologies Eng.Dept

Fuel & Energy Technologies Eng.Dept
Electricity Technology
Voltage and Current dividers
Lecture (5)
Presented by :
Khaleel Ali Khudur
Voltage Divider circuit
 Voltage Divider circuits are used to produce different voltage levels from a
common voltage source but the current is the same for all components in a series
circuit.
 The simplest, easiest to understand, and most basic form of a passive voltage
divider network is that of two resistors connected together in series. This basic
combination allows us to use the Voltage Divider Rule to calculate the voltage
drops across each series resistor.
A B C
𝑉𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥 𝑅𝑥
∵ 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼2 = 𝐼3
𝑉𝑇
𝑉𝑥 = 𝐼𝑇 𝑅𝑥 𝑉𝑥 = 𝑅𝑥
𝑅𝑇
𝑅𝑥
𝑉𝑥 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇
𝑅𝑇
Where 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, … … … …
The voltage drop across any resistor or combination of resistors in a series circuit is
equal to the ratio of that resistance value to the total resistance, multiplied by the
source voltage.
Example
A B C D
1-Determine the voltage across 𝑅1 and the

voltage across 𝑅3 in the circuit in figure 1
2- Determine the voltage between the Figure 1
following points in the circuit of figure 1

a) B to C b) A to C c) B to D
Solution
𝑅𝑇 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 𝑅𝑇 = 2 + 5 + 8 𝑅𝑇 = 15𝐾Ω
𝑅𝑥 𝑅1 2𝐾Ω
𝑉𝑥 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉1 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉1 = ∙ 45 𝑉1 = 6𝑉
𝑅𝑇 𝑅𝑇 15𝐾Ω
𝑅3 8𝐾Ω A B C D
𝑉3 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉3 = ∙ 45
𝑅𝑇 15𝐾Ω
𝑉3 = 24𝑉
Figure 1
𝑅2 5𝐾Ω
𝑉𝐵𝐶 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = ∙ 45 𝑉𝐵𝐶 = 15𝑉
𝑅𝑇 15𝐾Ω
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 2𝐾Ω + 5𝐾Ω
𝑉𝐴𝐶 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉𝐴𝐶 = ∙ 45 𝑉𝐴𝐶 = 21𝑉
𝑅𝑇 15𝐾Ω
𝑅2 + 𝑅3 5𝐾Ω + 8𝐾Ω
𝑉𝐵𝐷 = ∙ 𝑉𝑇 𝑉𝐵𝐷 = ∙ 45 𝑉𝐵𝐷 = 39𝑉
𝑅𝑇 15𝐾Ω
Example
Determine the voltage across 5Ω in the
following circuit
Solution
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅3 + 𝑅4 𝑅𝐴 = 5 + 10 𝑅𝐴 = 15Ω
𝑅𝐵 = 𝑅2 ∥ 𝑅𝐴 𝑅𝐵 = 7.5Ω
7.5Ω
𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉7.5Ω = ∙ 15𝑉 𝑉𝐵 = 𝑉7.5Ω = 5𝑉
22.5Ω
5Ω
𝑉5Ω = ∙ 5𝑉 𝑉5Ω = 1.667𝑉
15Ω
Current Divider circuit
 Current Divider circuits have two or more parallel branches for currents to flow
through but the voltage is the same for all components in the parallel circuit.
 Current Divider Circuits are parallel circuits in which the source or supply current
divides into a number of parallel paths. In a parallel connected circuit, all the
components have their terminals connected together sharing the same two end
nodes. This results in different paths and branches for the current to flow or pass
along. However, the currents can have different values through each component.
𝑉𝑥
𝐼𝑥 =
𝑅𝑥
𝑉1
𝐼1 = ∵ 𝑉𝑇 = 𝑉1 = 𝑉2 = 𝑉3
𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2
𝑉𝑇 𝐼𝑇 ∙ 𝑅𝑇 𝐼𝑇 ∙
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝐼1 = 𝐼1 = 𝐼1 =
𝑅1 𝑅1 𝑅1
𝑅1 𝑅2 1 𝑅2
𝐼1 = 𝐼𝑇 ∙ ∙ 𝐼1 = 𝐼𝑇
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 𝑅1 𝑅1 + 𝑅2
𝑅1
𝐼2 = 𝐼𝑇
𝑅1 + 𝑅2
General Current – Divider Formula for Any Number
of Parallel Branches
A generalized parallel circuit with n branches is shown in figure 2 ( n can represent

any number).
The current in any branch can be
determined with the following formula:
𝑅𝑇
𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑇 figure 2
𝑅𝑥
Where 𝑥 = 1, 2, 3, 4, … … … .
Example
Find 𝐼1 and 𝐼2 in figure 3
Solution
figure (3)
𝑅2 47
𝐼1 = 𝐼𝑇 ∙ 𝐼1 = 100 𝐼1 = 32𝑚𝐴
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 100 + 47
𝑅1 100
𝐼2 = 𝐼𝑇 ∙ 𝐼1 = 100 𝐼1 = 68𝑚𝐴
𝑅1 + 𝑅2 100 + 47
Example
Determine the power dissipated at 6Ω
using current divider rule.
Solution
6×4
+ 1.6 = 2.4 + 1.6 = 4Ω
6+4
16 16
𝐼4Ω = 𝐼𝑇 ∙ 𝐼4Ω = 10 ∙
16 + 4 16 + 4
𝐼4Ω = 8𝐴
4
𝐼6Ω =8∙ 𝐼6Ω = 3.2𝐴
4+6
𝑃6Ω = 𝐼 2 𝑅 𝑃6Ω = 3.2 2 (6) 𝑃6Ω = 61.44𝑊

Example
From figure 4
Determine voltage across 𝑅3 and the current
pass through 𝑅5 .
Solution
figure 4
2Ω
𝑉2Ω = ∙ 16.8𝑉 𝑉2Ω = 6𝑉
5.6Ω
4Ω
𝑉4Ω = ∙ 6𝑉 𝑉4Ω = 4𝑉
6Ω
𝑉6Ω = 6𝑉 𝐼6Ω = 1𝐴
6
𝐼3Ω =1∙ 𝐼3Ω = 0.667𝐴
6+3
Example
For the circuit of figure 1
Determine voltage across 680Ω and the current
pass through 1.8𝐾Ω.
Solution
figure 1
1 × 2.2
𝑅𝐴 = 𝑅𝐴 = 0.68𝐾Ω
1 + 2.2
𝑅𝐵 = 330 + 680 𝑅𝐵 ≈ 1𝐾Ω
1 × 1.8
𝑅𝐶 = 𝑅𝐶 = 0.6𝐾Ω
1 + 1.8
𝑅𝑇 = 0.68𝐾Ω + 0.6𝐾Ω 𝑅𝑇 ≈ 1.3𝐾Ω
𝑉𝑇 10
𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 = 𝐼𝑇 = 7.7𝑚𝐴
𝑅𝑇 1.3𝐾Ω
0.6𝐾Ω
𝑉0.6𝐾Ω = ∙ 10𝑉 𝑉0.6𝐾Ω = 4.62𝑉
1.3𝐾Ω
680Ω
𝑉680Ω = ∙ 4.62𝑉 𝑉680Ω = 3.1𝑉
1000Ω
𝐼𝑇 = 7.7𝑚𝐴
1𝐾Ω
𝐼1.8𝐾Ω = ∙ 7.7𝑚𝐴
1ΚΩ + 1.8ΚΩ
𝐼1.8𝐾Ω = 2.75𝑚𝐴
Thank you for
listening
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Northern Technical University

Technical College / Kirkuk

Mechanical Power Technologies Eng.Dept

1-Determine the voltage across 𝑅1 and the

following points in the circuit of figure 1

A generalized parallel circuit with n branches is shown in figure 2 ( n can represent

𝑃6Ω = 𝐼 2 𝑅 𝑃6Ω = 3.2 2 (6) 𝑃6Ω = 61.44𝑊

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