rohini_96100276281

ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
2.2 CONFIGURATION OF TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT

A transistor is a three terminal device. But require ‗4‘terminals for connecting it in a
circuits. (i.e.) 2 terminals for input, 2 terminals for output.
Hence one of the terminal is made common to the input and output circuits.Common
terminal is grounded.
TYPES OF CONFIGURATIONS
Three types of configuration is available
1) Common base(CB) configuration
2) Common emitter (CE) configuration
3) Common collector (CC) configuration
COMMON BASE (CB) CONFIGURATION
In common base configuration circuit is shown in figure. Here base is grounded

and it is used as the common terminal for both input and output.
Figure 2.2.1 Circuit to determine CB static characteristics

[Source: “Electronic devices and circuits” by “Balbir Kumar, Shail.B.Jain, and Page: 310]
It is also called as grounded base configuration. Emitter is used as an input terminal

whereas collector is the output terminal.
Input characteristics:
It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between input voltages to input

current whereas output voltage is constant.
EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

To determine input characteristics, the collector base voltage VCB is kept constant at
zero and emitter current IE is increased from zero by increasing VEB.This is repeated
for higher fixed values of VCB.
A curve is drawn between emitter current and emitter base voltage at constant collector
base voltage is shown in figure 2.2.1.When VCB is zero EB junctions is forward biased.
So it behaves
Figure 2.2.2 CB input characteristics

Output Characteristics
It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between output voltages to output
current whereas input current is constant. To determine output characteristics, the
emitter current IE is kept constant at zero and collector current Ic is increased from
zero by increasing VCB.This is repeated for higher fixed values of IE.
From the characteristic it is seen that for a constant value of IE, Ic is
independent of VCB and the curves are parallel to the axis of VCB.As the emitter base
junction is forward biased the majority carriers that is electrons from the emitter region
are injected into the base region.
In CB configuration a variation of the base-collector voltage results in a variation
of the quasi- neutral width in the base. The gradient of the minority-carrier density in the
base therefore changes, yielding an increased collector current as the collector-base
current is increased. This effect is referred to as the early effect.

Figure 2.2.3 CB output characteristics

COMMOM EMITTER CONFIGURATION
In common emitter configuration circuit is shown in figure. Here emitter is grounded and
it is used as the common terminal for both input and output. It is also called as grounded
emitter configuration. Base is used as a input terminal whereas collector is the output
terminal.
Figure 2.2.4 Circuit to determine CE static characteristics


Input Characteristics
It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between input voltages to input current
whereas output voltage is constant.
To determine input characteristics, the collector base voltage VCB is kept constant at
zero and base current IB is increased from zero by increasing VBE.This is repeated for
higher fixed values of VCE. A curve is drawn between base current and base emitter
voltage at constant collector base voltage is shown in figure2.14. Here the base width
decreases. So curve moves right as VCE increases.
] Figure 2.2.5 CE input characteristics

[Source: “Electronic devices and circuits” by “Balbir Kumar, Shail.B.Jain, and Page: 312
It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between output voltages to output
current whereas input current is constant.
To determine output characteristics, the base current IB is kept constant at zero and
collector current Ic is increased from zero by increasing VCE.This is repeated for higher
fixed values of IB.
From the characteristic it is seen that for a constant value of IB, Ic is independent of
VCB and the curves are parallel to the axis of VCE.

Figure 2.2.6 CE output Characteristics

The output characteristic has 3 basic regions:
 Active region –defined by the biasing arrangements.

 Cutoff region – region where the collector current is 0A
 Saturation region- region of the characteristics to the left of VCB = 0V.
Active region Saturation region Cut-off region

BE and CB junction is Region below the line
IE increased, IC forward bias of IE=0 A
increased. Small changes in VCB BE and CB is reverse
BE junction forward will cause big different biase
bias and CB junction to IC No current flow at
reverse bias. The allocation for this collector, only leakage
Refer to the graph, IC≈ region is to the left of current.
IE VCB=0V.
IC not depends on VCB
Suitable region for the
transistor working as
amplifier.
Table: Common Emitter Region

COMMON COLLECTOR CONFIGURATION
Figure 2.2.7 Circuits to determine CC static characteristics

Input Characteristics
It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between input voltages to input current
whereas output voltage is constant.
To determine input characteristics, the emitter base voltage VEB is kept constant at zero
and base current IB is increased from zero by increasing VBC.This is repeated for higher
fixed values of VCE.A curve is drawn between base current and base emitter
voltage at constant collector base voltage is shown in figure2.2.7
Figure 2.2.8 CC input characteristics


It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between output voltages to output current
whereas input current is constant.
To determine output characteristics, the base current IB is kept constant at zero and
emitter current IE is increased from zero by increasing VEC. This is repeated for higher
fixed values of IB.
From the characteristic it is seen that for a constant value of IB, IE is independent of
VEB and the curves are parallel to the axis of VEC.
Figure 2.2.9 Common Collector output characteristics

A comparison of CB, CE and CC Configurations

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ROHINI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

2.2 CONFIGURATION OF TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT

1) Common base(CB) configuration

2) Common emitter (CE) configuration

3) Common collector (CC) configuration

COMMON BASE (CB) CONFIGURATION

In common base configuration circuit is shown in figure. Here base is grounded

Figure 2.2.1 Circuit to determine CB static characteristics

It is also called as grounded base configuration. Emitter is used as an input terminal

It is defined as the characteristic curve drawn between input voltages to input

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Figure 2.2.2 CB input characteristics

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Figure 2.2.3 CB output characteristics

COMMOM EMITTER CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.2.4 Circuit to determine CE static characteristics

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

] Figure 2.2.5 CE input characteristics

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Figure 2.2.6 CE output Characteristics

The output characteristic has 3 basic regions:

 Active region –defined by the biasing arrangements.

Active region Saturation region Cut-off region

Table: Common Emitter Region

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

COMMON COLLECTOR CONFIGURATION

Figure 2.2.7 Circuits to determine CC static characteristics

Figure 2.2.8 CC input characteristics

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

Figure 2.2.9 Common Collector output characteristics

A comparison of CB, CE and CC Configurations

EC8353 ELECTRONICS DEVICES AND CIRCUITS

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