airlspace management in pak

ASSIGNMENT: 1
TOPIC: DEFINITIONS
NAME : UMAIR ASHRAF
ROLL NO: 70078316
SUBJECT: AIRSPACE MANGEMENT
SECTION: 6-A
SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Sajid Randhawa
REMARKS: DATE: 07/03/22

ICAO DEFINITION
DEFINITION
1. Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the

authority of a State and containing aeronautical information of a lasting character essential to
air navigation
Explanation: The AIP is defined by the ICAO as a publication with the state authority. This
contain static information of lasting or permanent characters that are essential to air navigation.
The AIP is changed periodically, in UK it is changed in 28 days. There primary function is to
satisfy international requirements for the exchange of aeronautical information of lasting
character essential to air navigation. It is divided into three parts, section and subsection. The
information is designed in from of presentation for better understanding.
2. Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on

secondary surveillance radar (SSR) transponder signals which operates independently of
ground-based equipment to provide advice to the pilot on potential conflicting aircraft that are
equipped with SSR transponders
Explanation: the ACAS system helps to reduce the risk of collision of aircraft. It detects the
presence of other aircraft and provide information for sake of avoiding collision. It only
communicates with the aircraft that have ACAS system in it. ACAS does not detect non-
transponder equipped aircraft. It works by transferring Ras set of information between two
transponders on Mode S equipped with ACAS system. It only gives traffic advisories but does
not recommend any maneuvers
3. Aeronautical ground light. Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other
than a light displayed on an aircraft.
Explanation: these are the light present on ground which main function is to provide
navigation to plane. These are approach light, runway light, stop way light, taxiway light.
4. Air traffic control clearance. Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions
specified by an air traffic control unit.
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ICAO DEFINITION
Explanation: whenever an aircraft is in the movement area or entering the movement it

requires special permission in order to be cleared from rest of the traffic. The ATC gives the
authorization for clearance. It can be for Takeoff, Landing, diverting from assigned plan/ route
and special permission.
5. Air traffic service (ATS). A generic term meaning variously, flight information service,
alerting service, air traffic advisory service, air traffic control service (area control service,
approach control service or aerodrome control service)
Explanation: Air traffic service ATS are the services which are categorized in various parts
through the designation of work. The services’ main function is to make smooth flow of traffic
and to provide safety to plane by controlling the airspace and ground area in an efficient
manner.
6. Air traffic services airspaces. Airspaces of defined dimensions, alphabetically

designated, within which specific types of flights may operate and for which air traffic services
and rules of operation are specified. ATS airspaces are classified as Class A to G.
Explanation: The airspaces are of different class from A to G. by the categories of this class
the airspace is divided in a region. These classes also tells where IFR is available or not. It also
provides the information of restriction and rules allowed and operation that can be conducted
in this airspace.
7. Air traffic flow management (ATFM). A service established with the objective of
contributing to a safe, orderly and expeditious flow of air traffic by ensuring that ATC capacity
is utilized to the maximum extent possible, and that the traffic volume is compatible with the
capacities declared by the appropriate ATS authority.
Explanation: it is an enabler of air traffic management efficiency and effectiveness. It

contributes to the safety, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and environment sustainability of an
ATM system. It is also a major enabler of global interoperability of the air transport industry.it
also helps in improved quality of air travel and management or irregular operation.
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ICAO DEFINITION
8. Approach control unit. A unit established to provide air traffic control service to
controlled flights arriving at, or departing from, one or more aerodromes
Explanation: the ATC provide assistance to the aircraft when they are about to depart for or
arriving at the airport to meet the specific requirement for safe landing or takeoff. For example,
a plan which is landing at a runway of airport have high altitude or high speed will be suggested
to reduce it height and speed to desired requirement. the plans are also advised for the clearance
while departing.
9. Base turn. A turn executed by the aircraft during the initial approach between the end of the
outbound track and the beginning of the intermediate or final approach track. The tracks are
not reciprocal. Note: Base turns may be designated as being made either in level flight or while
descending, according to the circumstances of each individual procedure
Explanation: it is one of the reversal procedures in which a specified outbound track and
timing or DME (distance measuring equipment) distance from a facility are followed by a turn
to intercept the inbound track. The outbound track and the timing may be different for the
various categories of the aircraft.
10. Controlled airspace. An airspace of defined dimensions within which air traffic control
service is provided in accordance with the airspace classification. Controlled airspace is a
generic term which covers ATS airspace Classes A, B, C, D and E.
Explanation: the airspace where ATC and air traffic advisory services are available for the
navigation of plane is known as the controlled airspace. These airspaces have defined
dimension and are controlled by the designated air traffic controller’s unit.
Page 4|4

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ASSIGNMENT: 1

NAME : UMAIR ASHRAF

ROLL NO: 70078316

SUBJECT: AIRSPACE MANGEMENT

SUBMITTED TO: Prof. Sajid Randhawa

REMARKS: DATE: 07/03/22

1. Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). A publication issued by or with the

2. Airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS). An aircraft system based on

Explanation: whenever an aircraft is in the movement area or entering the movement it

6. Air traffic services airspaces. Airspaces of defined dimensions, alphabetically

Explanation: it is an enabler of air traffic management efficiency and effectiveness. It

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