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    KP-1_introduction

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    KP-1_introduction

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    1 views19 pages

    KP-1_introduction

    Uploaded by

    zia

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    Mass Balance

    Nur Istianah, ST.,MT.,M.Eng

    28/04/2017
    Engineer
    SI Base Units
    Units
    Unit
    Parameter Symbol Name
    Symbol
    length l. metre m
    mass m kilogram kg
    time t second s
    electric current I ampere A
    thermodynamic
    T kelvin K
    temperature
    amount of substance n mole mol
    luminous intensity Iv candela cd
    The name Système International d'Unités (International System of Units) with the international
    abbreviation SI is a single international language of science and technology first introduced in 1960
    Density
    The density of food sample is defined as its mass per
    unit volume and is expressed3as kg /m

    Mass ( kg)
    Density =
    Volume ( m 3 )

    Mass = Density x Volume

    The density is influenced by temperature


    Volumetric Flow rate Mass Flow rate
    Q = Volumetric flow rate

    A1 V1 Q = A1 V1 = A2 V2 m 3 /sec

    o
    A 2 V 2 m = mass flow rate
    o
    m = Density x Volume flow rate
    o
    m = Q Kg /sec

    Equation of Continuity
    Example 1. Determine volumetric and mass flow rate of
    water ( density = 1000 kg /m3) , the diameter of pipe is
    10 cm.

    v = 20 m/s

    A=
     D2 =  2
    0.1 = 0.0078 m 2
    4 4
    3
    Q = A V = 20 x 0.0078 = 0.156 m / sec

    m = Q = 1000 x 0.156 = 156 kg / sec


    Temperature
    The Kelvin and Celsius scales are related by following function

    T ( oK ) = T ( oC ) + 273.15

    The Fahrenheit and Celsius scales are related by following


    function
    o o
    T( C) = [ T ( F) – 32 ]
    1.8
    Pressure
    Pressure is the force on an object that is spread over a
    surface area. The equation for pressure is the force
    divided by the area where the force is applied. Although
    this measurement is straightforward when a solid is
    pushing on a solid, the case of a solid pushing on a liquid
    or gas requires that the fluid be confined in a container.
    The force can also be created by the weight of an object.

    Pressure =
    F
    A
    Example2. How much 350 Kelvin degrees
    would be in Fahrenheit degrees

    Solution = 170.3 F

    Example 3. How much 60 Fahrenheit


    degrees would be in Kelvin degrees

    Solution = 288.7 K
    System

    surroundings
    System System

    Close system Open system


    Volume Volumetric flow rate
    Mass Mass flow rate
    Moisture Content
    Moisture Content expresses the amount of
    water present in a moist sample.
    Two bases are widely used to express moisture content

    Moisture content dry basis Moisture content wet basis

    MC db MC wb
    Food Sample = Food Solids + Food Liquid

    Mass of product = Mass of water in food + Mass of dry solids

    Mass of dry solid

    Mass of water in food

    Food Sample
    Moisture Content , dry basis
    mass of water
    % Dry basis =
    mass of dry solids

    kg water
    kg dry solids
    Moisture Content , wet basis

    mass of water
    % Wet basis =
    mass of water +mass of dry solids

    mass of water
    =
    mass of product

    kg water
    kg product
    MC db = MC wb
    1 - MC wb

    MC db MC wb
    Moisture content wet basis
    Moisture content dry basis

    MC wb = MC db
    1 + MC db
    Example 3. Covert a moisture content of 85 % wet
    basis to moisture content dry basis
    MC wb = 0.85
    MC db = MC wb
    From equation
    1 - MC wb

    MC db = 0.85
    1 - 0.85
    MC db = 5.67

    = 567 % db
    Example 4. A food is initially at moisture content of 90 %
    dry basis . Calculate the moisture content in wet basis

    MC db = 0.90

    MC wb = MC db
    1 + MC db

    MC wb = 0.90
    1 + 0.90
    MC wb = 0.4736

    = 47.36 % wb
    Example 5. The 10 kg of food sample at a moisture
    contents of 75 % wet basis

    mass of water
    % Wet basis =
    mass of water +mass of dry solids

    0.75
    =
    1.00

    10 kg of product = 7.5 kg water + 2.5 kg dry solids


    10 kg of product = 7.5 kg water + 2.5 kg dry solids
    at 75 % wet basis

    75 % of total water 25 % of total Solids

    % Dry basis = (75/25)*100 = 300%


    THANKS FOR YOUR
    ATTENTION

    The best person is one give something useful always

    28/04/2017

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