Different Types of Claims

What is a Claim?
 The word claim comes from the Latin word clamare, which means “to cry out, shout.”
 In literature, a claim is a statement that assertssomething to be true and can either
be a fact or a judgment.
 According to del Gandio J. (2008), a claim is an arguable statement- an idea that a
rhetor (that is, a speaker or writer) asks the audience to accept or an anticipation that
they should agree with it.
 A claim is the central argument of the text which can work on its own or in
conjunction with other claims to form a larger argument.
 It persuades, argues, convinces, proves or provocatively suggests something to a
reader who may or may not initially agree with you.
 It can be classified into three types (3); Fact, Value and Policy.
Characteristics of a good claim:
 argumentative and debatable
 specific and focused
 interesting and engaging
 logical
Here are three different examples of claim:
1. The status of the Philippine economy has dropped due to Covid-19.
2.A constitutional provision on Racial Discrimination needs to be strengthened in the
country.
3. Mobile Phones have been very beneficial than computers during the pandemic.
Remember, something is IMPLICIT when it is implied but not directly stated. While
something is EXPLICIT when it is directly stated and leaves no room for
uncertainty.
Types of Claims
 Claims of Fact assert that a condition has existed, exists, or will exist and
are based on facts or data. It relates to statements that can be easily verified and
not dependent on a person's preference.
Questions of fact includes: What is true or false? What happened/didn't happen? How do
we know this? and What exists/doesn't exist?
Examples
1. Obesity causes health problems.
2. Neil Armstrong was the first man to step foot on the moon.
3. The first Mindanaoan President is Rodrigo Duterte.
 Claims of Policy assert that an action should be taken. It suggest a solution

to a problem that has been defined or described by an argument. They argue that
certain conditions should exist. Almost always "should" or "ought to" or "must" are
included in this claim. Most of the time, claims of policy ask for plans of action to
solve current problems.
Questions may include: What should be done? How can we solve this problem? What
course of action should we pursue?, and what should not be done?
Examples
1. You should support restrictions on abortion.
2. Local Malls should not open during the general community quarantine.
3. Legislation should be passed to stop the sale of cigarettes.
 Claims of Value assert judgments and evaluations. It is a claim based on

preference such as likes and dislikes. Thus, it deals with goals with things we find
attractive.
Question of value include: Is it good or bad? Is it right or wrong?, How moral or immoral?,
Of what worth
is it?, Who says so?, and is it ethical or unethical?
Some claims of value are simply expressions of taste, preferences, and prejudices. The
most important
in proving a claim of value is by establishing standards of evaluation.
Examples
1. Bullfighting is cruelty to animals. (The claim suggests that the action is unjust.)
2. It is better to be feared than loved.
3. Reading Science Fiction novel is more interesting than Romance novel.
Module 4 Quiz (Claims of Fact, Policy , & Values)
Direction: Write the letter of the best answer on your answer sheet.
______1. What is the central argument of the text?
a. assertion b. claim c. fact d. opinion
______2.Which stylistic approach or technique involves a strong declaration regarding a
belief or fact?
a. assertion b. claim c. expression d. opinion
______3.What is the purpose of assertion?
a. present a fact b. express ideas directly c. gather data d. refute a
proposition
______4.What type of claim asserts an empirical truth?
a. fact b. policy c. value d. all of the above
______5. The key words “should” and “ought” can be found in what type of claim?
a. fact b. policy c. value d. all of the above
______6.Which is NOT a characteristic of a good claim?
a. debatable b. broad c. focused d. logical
______7. Claim of value usually uses the following words that manifest judgement rather
than fact EXCEPT _______________________.
a. better b. good c. must d. well
______8.It is important to remember that a claim should be arguable. What is the
opposite of the word “arguable”?
a. certain b. rational c. reasonable d. defendable
______9.What does an explicit claim mean?
a. It is indirectly expressed in the text. c. It clearly spells out something.
b. It requires the use of context clues. d. It is implied.
______10.What does an implicit claim mean?
a. It is hinted by words used in the text. c. It is not implied.
b. It is directly expressed. d. It is a certain argument.
For items 11-15, tell whether each statement is a claim of fact, claim of value, or
claim of policy.
__________11. Social media have been utilized by many as main platforms of spreading
fake news.
__________12. The Department of Education should provide convenient learning spaces to
all school children.
__________13. Resiliency is an essential quality someone must possess to survive during
challenging times.
__________14. Same sex marriage is not acceptable in almost all religion.
__________15. Far flung areas in the country should be provided with strong internet
connection.
For items 16-20, write a claim based on the given topics:
A. Claim of Policy
1. Social Media Bullying
____________________________________________________________________________________
2. Mental Health
____________________________________________________________________________________
3. Waste Management
____________________________________________________________________________________
B. Claim of Value
4. Gender Equality
____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Fake News
____________________________________________________________________________________

Different Types of Claims

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What is a Claim?

 Claims of Policy assert that an action should be taken. It suggest a solution

 Claims of Value assert judgments and evaluations. It is a claim based on

Module 4 Quiz (Claims of Fact, Policy , & Values)

For items 16-20, write a claim based on the given topics:

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