Members:

_______________________________________________________________________________________________
Date: ________________ Section: _____________ Score: ___________
Instruction: Complete the following activities to practice your paraphrasing and citation skills.
Given the information below, use the APA format for in-text citation and referencing. Read the
steps before answering. Write your answers on the boxes provided.

Activity 1: Paraphrasing One Sentence

This activity consists of three steps:
1. Read the following published sentence and then paraphrase it—that is, rewrite it in your own
words. You do not need to repeat every element. Instead, try changing the focus of the sentence
while preserving the meaning of the original.
2. Write an APA Style reference list entry for the published work using the source information
provided.
3. Figure out the in-text citation that corresponds to the reference list entry. Then add a
parenthetical citation to your paraphrased sentence.

Published Sentence:
Leaders who lack emotional and social competence undoubtedly can become a liability to
organizations, directly leading to employee disengagement, absenteeism, stress-disability
claims, hostile-workplace lawsuits, and increased health care expenses.

Source Information:
• Document type: Journal article (Section 10.1)
• Authors: Kenneth Nowack and Paul Zak
• Publication year: 2020
• Article title: Empathy enhancing antidotes for interpersonally toxic leaders
• Journal information: Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, Volume 72, Issue 2,
pages 119–133
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/cpb0000164

Your paraphrased sentence and parenthetical in-text citation:

Your reference list entry:

Activity 2: Summarizing Multiple Sentences

This activity consists of three steps:
1. Read the following published sentences and summarize the authors' findings in your own
words in one sentence.
2. Write an APA Style reference list entry for the published work using the source information
provided.
3 Figure out the in-text citation that corresponds to your reference list entry. Then add a
narrative citation to your paraphrased sentence. You do not need to re-cite the works that are
already cited in the published sentences.

Published Sentences
Research suggests that people exercise less when demands in their job or studies increase
(Englert & Rummel, 2016; Oaten & Cheng, 2005; Sonnentag & Jelden, 2009). Building upon these
findings, the present study investigated the relationship between university students’ implicit
theories about willpower and the amount they exercise during their final examination period. We
hypothesized and found that students with a limited theory about willpower— those who
believed that their self-control resembles a limited resource—exercised significantly less than
students with a nonlimited theory during this stressful period (about 220 min less over the
course of 2 weeks).
Source Information
• Document type: Journal article (Section 10.1)
• Authors: Katharina Bernecker and Jule Kramer
• Publication year: 2020
• Article title: Implicit theories about willpower are associated with exercise levels during the
academic examination period
• Journal information: Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology, Volume 9, Issue 2, pages
216–231
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/spy0000182

Your paraphrased sentence and narrative in-text citation:

Your reference list entry:

Your reference list entry:

Activity 3: Writing a Long Paraphrase

This activity consists of three steps:
1. Read the following published paragraphs and summarize them in your own words in two to
three sentences (a long paraphrase). Do not repeat every idea. Instead, highlight important
findings and accurately represent the meaning of the original.
2. Write an APA Style reference list entry for the published work using the source information
provided.
3. Figure out the in-text citation that corresponds to your reference list entry. Then add either a
parenthetical or narrative citation to your first sentence. You do not need to re-cite the
works that are already cited in the published paragraphs.
Published Paragraphs
Food selectivity is the most frequently documented and well-researched feeding problem
associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It most often involves strong preferences for
starches and snack foods, coinciding with a bias against fruits and vegetables. Associated
mealtime difficulties include disruptive mealtime behavior (e.g., tantrums, crying), rigidity
surrounding eating (e.g., only eating in a specific location, requiring certain utensils), and
avoidance of certain food items based on the sensory characteristic (e.g., texture). Severe food
selectivity in ASD most often involves deficits in dietary variety, not volume, and children with
ASD typically consume enough food to meet gross energy needs (Sharp, Berry, et al., 2013;
Sharp et al., 2014). Because children with ASD typically consume an adequate volume of food,
this may explain why, historically, feeding concerns in ASD have been overlooked in relation to
other areas of clinical concern. The clinical picture, however, for food selectivity in ASD is more
complicated from a nutritional and medical standpoint and requires looking beyond
anthropometrics to determine the overall impact of atypical patterns of intake, including
enhanced risk for underlying dietary insufficiencies and associated poor health outcomes (e.g.,
obesity).

Source Information
• Document type: Edited book chapter (Section 10.3)
• Chapter authors: T. Lindsey Burrell, William Sharp, Cristina Whitehouse, and Cynthia R. Johnson
• Publication year: 2019
• Chapter title: Parent training for food selectivity in autism spectrum disorder
• Book editors: Cynthia R. Johnson, Eric M. Butter, and Lawrence Scahill
• Book title: Parent training for autism spectrum disorder: Improving the quality of life for
children and their families
• Chapter page range: 173–202
• Publisher: American Psychological Association
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037/0000111-008

Your paraphrased sentences and in-text citation (either format):

 Your reference list entry:

In-Text Citation and Referencing from a Website

An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. The in-text citation alerts the
reader to a source that has informed your own writing. The exact format of an in-text citation will depend on the style
you need to use.
The American Psychological Association (APA) in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the year of
publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p.14).
For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number.
Table 4.1: Using the Author/Date System

Author’s Name Example of Usage

1. The author’s name is part of the Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in
narrative. comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic.

2. The author’s names cited in One study found that the most important in comprehending non-native speech
parenthesis familiarity with the topic (Gass and Varonis, 1984).

3. Multiple Works Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of
(Separate each work with semicolons) accented speech in general (Gass and Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004)

4. In direct quotation, the author’s Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
name is a part of the narrative discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (p.84).

One of the studies found that “the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
5. In direct quote, the author’s name
discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (Gass and
is in parenthesis
Varonis, 1984, p.85).

Referencing for World Wide Web Site:

Provide the following information:

 author's name (if known)  title of complete work (if applicable), in italics
 date of publication or last revision (if known), in  the word “Retrieved” followed by the date you
parentheses (year, month, day) accessed the source (month, day, year)
 title of document  the word “from” followed by the URL

Example:
Harris, J. G. The return of the witch hunts. Witchhunt Information Page. Retrieved May 28, 1996, from <http://liquid2-
sun.mit.edu/fells.short.html>.
In-Text Citation and Referencing from a Website

An in-text citation is a reference made within the body of text of an academic essay. The in-text citation alerts the
reader to a source that has informed your own writing. The exact format of an in-text citation will depend on the style
you need to use.
The American Psychological Association (APA) in-text citation style uses the author’s last name and the year of
publication, for example: (Field, 2005).
For direct quotations, include the page number as well, for example: (Field, 2005, p.14).
For sources such as websites and e-books that have no page numbers, use a paragraph number.
Table 4.1: Using the Author/Date System

Author’s Name Example of Usage

1. The author’s name is part of the Gass and Varonis (1984) found that the most important element in
narrative. comprehending non-native speech is familiarity with the topic.

2. The author’s names cited in One study found that the most important in comprehending non-native speech
parenthesis familiarity with the topic (Gass and Varonis, 1984).

3. Multiple Works Research shows that listening to a particular accent improves comprehension of
(Separate each work with semicolons) accented speech in general (Gass and Varonis, 1984; Krech Thomas, 2004)

4. In direct quotation, the author’s Gass and Varonis (1984) found that “the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
name is a part of the narrative discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (p.84).

One of the studies found that “the listeners’ familiarity with the topic of
5. In direct quote, the author’s name
discourse greatly facilitates the interpretation of the entire message” (Gass and
is in parenthesis
Varonis, 1984, p.85).
Referencing for World Wide Web Site:
Provide the following information:

 author's name (if known)  title of complete work (if applicable), in italics
 date of publication or last revision (if known), in  the word “Retrieved” followed by the date you
parentheses (year, month, day) accessed the source (month, day, year)
 title of document  the word “from” followed by the URL

Example:
Harris, J. G. The return of the witch hunts. Witchhunt Information Page. Retrieved May 28, 1996, from <http://liquid2-
sun.mit.edu/fells.short.html>.