1.

Define Array and Explain Declaration and Initialization with Example Program

Definition:

An array is a collection of variables of the same data type stored in contiguous memory locations.

It allows storing multiple values under a single name, accessible using an index.

Declaration and Initialization:

- Declaration: Syntax: data_type array_name[size];

Example: int arr[5];

- Initialization: Syntax: data_type array_name[size] = {value1, value2, ..., valueN};

Example: int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

Example Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};

printf("Array elements are: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

return 0;

2. C Program to Find Sum of All Elements of an Array

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
 int arr[5], sum = 0;

printf("Enter 5 elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

sum += arr[i];

printf("Sum of all elements: %d\n", sum);

return 0;

3. C Program to Print Even Elements Present in an Array

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[5];

printf("Enter 5 elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Even elements are: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

if (arr[i] % 2 == 0) {

printf("%d ", arr[i]);

return 0;

}
4. C Program to Find Smallest Element in Array and Its Position

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[5], min, pos;

printf("Enter 5 elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

min = arr[0];

pos = 0;

for (int i = 1; i < 5; i++) {

if (arr[i] < min) {

min = arr[i];

pos = i;

printf("Smallest element: %d, Position: %d\n", min, pos);

return 0;

5. C Program to Merge Two One-Dimensional Arrays

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr1[3], arr2[3], merged[6];

printf("Enter 3 elements for first array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);
 merged[i] = arr1[i];

printf("Enter 3 elements for second array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

scanf("%d", &arr2[i]);

merged[i + 3] = arr2[i];

printf("Merged array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) {

printf("%d ", merged[i]);

return 0;

6. C Program to Subtract Two One-Dimensional Arrays

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr1[5], arr2[5], result[5];

printf("Enter 5 elements for first array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);

printf("Enter 5 elements for second array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) scanf("%d", &arr2[i]);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) result[i] = arr1[i] - arr2[i];

printf("Resultant array after subtraction: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) printf("%d ", result[i]);

return 0;

}
7. C Program to Arrange Numbers in Ascending Order Using Bubble Sort

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, arr[100], temp;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

for (int i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {

if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {

temp = arr[j];

arr[j] = arr[j + 1];

arr[j + 1] = temp;

printf("Array in ascending order: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) printf("%d ", arr[i]);

return 0;

8. C Program to Copy Elements of One Array to Another

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr1[5], arr2[5];

 printf("Enter 5 elements for the first array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) scanf("%d", &arr1[i]);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) arr2[i] = arr1[i];

printf("Copied array: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) printf("%d ", arr2[i]);

return 0;

9. C Program to Search Key Element Using Linear Search

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int arr[5], key, found = 0;

printf("Enter 5 elements: ");

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Enter key to search: ");

scanf("%d", &key);

for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

if (arr[i] == key) {

printf("Key found at position %d\n", i);

found = 1;

break;

if (!found) printf("Key not found\n");

return 0;

}
10. C Program to Search Key Element Using Binary Search

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {

int n, arr[100], key, low, high, mid;

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements in sorted order: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Enter key to search: ");

scanf("%d", &key);

low = 0, high = n - 1;

while (low <= high) {

mid = (low + high) / 2;

if (arr[mid] == key) {

printf("Key found at position %d\n", mid);

return 0;

} else if (arr[mid] < key) low = mid + 1;

else high = mid - 1;

printf("Key not found\n");

return 0;

11. Components of User-Defined Function

A user-defined function has the following components:

1. Function declaration (prototype)

2. Function definition (body)

3. Function call

Example Program:

#include <stdio.h>

void greet() {

printf("Hello, World!\n");

int main() {

greet();

return 0;

12. Categories of User-Defined Functions

Categories:

1. No arguments and no return value

2. Arguments but no return value

3. No arguments but return value

4. Arguments and return value

Example for Category 4:

#include <stdio.h>

int add(int a, int b) {

return a + b;

int main() {

int sum = add(5, 10);

printf("Sum: %d\n", sum);

 return 0;

13. C Program to Check Prime Number Using User-Defined Function

#include <stdio.h>

int is_prime(int num) {

if (num <= 1) return 0;

for (int i = 2; i <= num / 2; i++) {

if (num % i == 0) return 0;

return 1;

int main() {

int num;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

if (is_prime(num)) printf("%d is a prime number\n", num);

else printf("%d is not a prime number\n", num);

return 0;

14. Define Recursion and Program for Factorial Using Recursion

Recursion is a process in which a function calls itself.

Program:

#include <stdio.h>

int factorial(int n) {
 if (n == 0 || n == 1) return 1;

return n * factorial(n - 1);

int main() {

int num;

printf("Enter a number: ");

scanf("%d", &num);

printf("Factorial: %d\n", factorial(num));

return 0;

15. C Program to Determine Fibonacci Series Using Recursion

#include <stdio.h>

int fibonacci(int n) {

if (n == 0) return 0;

if (n == 1) return 1;

return fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);

int main() {

int n;

printf("Enter number of terms: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Fibonacci series: ");

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

printf("%d ", fibonacci(i));

return 0;
}

16. C Program to Find Sum of Odd Elements in an Array

#include <stdio.h>

int sum_of_odds(int arr[], int n) {

int sum = 0;

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {

if (arr[i] % 2 != 0) sum += arr[i];

return sum;

int main() {

int n, arr[100];

printf("Enter number of elements: ");

scanf("%d", &n);

printf("Enter %d elements: ", n);

for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) scanf("%d", &arr[i]);

printf("Sum of odd elements: %d\n", sum_of_odds(arr, n));

return 0;