Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus I (2021-22)

Exercise
(Algebraic and Transcendental Functions)

1. Show that following functions are algebraics:

√
(a) f (x) = x+1 (d) k(x) = sgn x
x (√
(b) g(x) = √
1+π x x − 1, x ≥ 0
(e) `(x) = 2
(c) h(x) = |x| + 3 x, x<0

2. Suppose that s √ s √
3 13 + 5 17 3 13 − 5 17
x0 = +
2 2
is a solution of the equation x3 = αx + β where α, β ∈ R. Find the other solutions of
the equation and simplify the value of x0 .

3. Solve the following equations and system of equations

√ (
(a) x = 2x − 1 + 2 23x+2y = 5
(e)
3√ 42x = 22y+3 .
(b) xx = 6
4
(c) 3 − 34 × 5x−1 + 52x = 0
2x 
x 2x
( z = y

xx+y = y 4 (f) 2z = 2.4x
(d)
y x+y = x

x + y + z = 16


3
4. Solve the equation loga x − loga2 x + loga4 x = where a > 0, a 6= 1
4
5. Determine the values of a, b, c ∈ R such that

logc+b a + logc−b a = 2 logc+b a logc−b a

6. (a) Show by recurrent that ∀n ∈ N∗ and ∀a1 , . . . , an ∈ R∗+ ,

n
! n
Y X
ln aj = ln (aj )
j=1 j=1

(b) Deduce the value of

A = ln 1◦ + ln 2◦ + · · · + ln 89◦

7. Show that n+1

2

2n

1 − x2
(1 + x) 1 + x ··· 1 + x =
1−x
for all x ∈ R \ {1} and n ∈ N. Then deduce the limit
  2n 
3 5 2 +1
lim ln + ln + · · · + ln .
n→+∞ 2 4 22n

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 1/3

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus I (2021-22)

8. Show that ∀n ∈ N \ {0, 1} and x ∈ R − πZ :

|sin (nx)| < n |sin x|

9. Show that for n ≥ 2,

2n−1    X n−1   
X kπ kπ
ln sin = ln sin
k=n+1
2n k=1
2n

10. Show that following identities

(a) cosh2 x − sinh2 x = 1

(b) sinh(a + b) = sinh a cosh b + sinh b cosh a
(c) cosh(a + b) = cosh a cosh b + sinh a sinh b
tanh a − tanh b
(d) tanh(a − b) =
1 − tanh a tanh b
11. Let (n, x) ∈ N × R. Show that
 n
1 + tanh x 1 + tanh(nx)
=
1 − tanh x 1 − tanh(nx)

12. (a) Let (k, x) ∈ N × R. Show that

sinh x
tanh [(k + 1) x] − tanh (kx) = .
cosh (kx) cosh [(k + 1) x]
n
X 1
(b) Calculate .
k=0
cosh (kx) cosh [(k + 1) x]
3t


cosh 2

13. (a) Show that 2 cosh t − 1 = t
cosh 2
n
Y
2 cosh 3k x − 1 , where n ∈ N and x ∈ R.



(b) Calculate
k=0

14. Calculate or simplify,

n √ √ n
X k k − (k + 1) k − 1 X 1 3
(a) (e) sin cos
k=1
k(k + 1) k=1
2k+1 2k+1
n n
(−1)k cos3 (3k x)
 
X k(k + 2) X
(b) ln (f)
k=2
(k + 1)2 3k
k=0
n
r r ! n  
Y k+1 1 k+1 X 1
(c) + (g) arctan 2
k k k k=0
k + 3k + 3
k=1
n   n
Y 1 X 1 1
(d) 1+ (h) tanh k
k=0
cos (2k x) k=1
2k 2

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2/3

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus I (2021-22)

15. Write an algebraic form for the following expression:

(a) cos(arctan x) (b) tan(2 arcsin x) (c) sin(3 arctan x)

16. Solve the following equations.

√  π
(a) sin(x + π/3) = cos(x − π/4) (e) arctan x+2 arctan 1 + x2 − x =
2
(b) cos(2x) − sin(2x) = 1 1 1
(f) arccos x = arcsin + arccos
2 2 3 4
(c) 24 cos x+1
+ 16.24 sin x−3
= 20 √ √

(g) arctan( x + 1) − arctan x − 1 =
(d) tan x tan 2x = 1. arcsin(x)

17. Solve the system of equation for x and y.

 (
cosh x + cosh y = 35
 cos a + cos(a + x) + cos(a + y) = 0
12 (b) .
(a) 25 sin a + sin(a + x) + sin(a + y) = 0
sinh x + sinh y =

12
cos α − cos β π
18. Simplify , then deduce the value of tan .
sin α − sin β 24
  π x  i π πh
19. Let f (x) = ln tan + , ∀x ∈ − , . Verify that
4 2 2 2
f (x) x 1
tanh = tan , tanh f (x) = sin x, cosh f (x) = , and sinh f (x) = tan x.
2 2 cos x

20. Demonstrate the following equalities.

π
(a) arcsin x + arccos x =
2
2(x + y)(1 − xy)
(b) 2 arctan x + 2 arctan y = arcsin
(1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 )
  
−1 1 1
21. Simplify the function f (x) = cosh x+ .
2 x
22. (a) For ak ∈ R, bk > 0, k = 1, 2, . . . , n, set
   
ak ak
m = min : k = 1, 2, . . . , n and M = max : k = 1, 2, . . . , n .
bk bk

Show that
a1 + a2 + · · · + an
m≤ ≤ M.
b1 + b2 + · · · + bn
π
(b) Show that, if 0 < α1 < α2 < · · · < αn < , n > 1, then
2
sin α1 + sin α2 + · · · + sin αn
tan α1 < < tan αn .
cos α1 + cos α2 + · · · + cos αn

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 3/3