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    paraphrasing and summarsing-examples

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    Maurikka Thavalingaraththinam
    The document provides an overview of paraphrasing and summarizing techniques in research writing. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining original meaning while altering structure and wording, and outlines strategies for effective paraphrasing and summarizing. Examples illustrate how to paraphrase and summarize original texts accurately.

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    paraphrasing and summarsing-examples

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    Maurikka Thavalingaraththinam
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    The document provides an overview of paraphrasing and summarizing techniques in research writing. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining original meaning while altering structure and wording, and outlines strategies for effective paraphrasing and summarizing. Examples illustrate how to paraphrase and summarize original texts accurately.

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    The document provides an overview of paraphrasing and summarizing techniques in research writing. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining original meaning while altering structure and wording, and outlines strategies for effective paraphrasing and summarizing. Examples illustrate how to paraphrase and summarize original texts accurately.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    0 views9 pages

    paraphrasing and summarsing-examples

    Uploaded by

    Maurikka Thavalingaraththinam
    The document provides an overview of paraphrasing and summarizing techniques in research writing. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining original meaning while altering structure and wording, and outlines strategies for effective paraphrasing and summarizing. Examples illustrate how to paraphrase and summarize original texts accurately.

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    RESEARCH WRITING SKILLS

    (41512)
     Paraphrasing and Summarizing

    1
    What is Paraphrasing?
     Paraphrasing is re-writing another person’s idea so that the original meaning of the idea is

    maintained, but the structure and the words you use are quite different from the original text.

     Paraphrasing is not simply substituting a few words or rearranging sentences.

    Paraphrasing is about:
     Understanding a passage

     Internalizing the meaning of the text

     Restating the important points in your own voice


    (Harvard Graduate School of Education, 2011)

    2
    Paraphrasing Strategies

     Highlight the main points.


     Use a sufficient amount of different vocabulary while maintaining the original meaning.
     Change sentence structures.
     Change the order of major ideas.
     Use synonyms which are appropriate for academic writing. (e.g., avoid phrasal verbs such as point
    out when one word equivalent like, explain, can be used.)
     Avoid repetition.
     Compare the two versions to ensure enough rewording has taken place and the meaning is the
    same, with the paraphrase being the shorter of the two versions.
     Credit the original author(s) using the APA Style format.

    3
    Example 01

    Original text: The current constitutional debate over heavy metal rock and
    gangsta rap music is not just about the explicit language but also advocacy, an
    act of incitement to violence.

    Paraphrase: According to Kennedy and Smith (2000), lyrics that are obscene or

    promote violence have generated constitutional debate.

    4
    Example 02

    Original text: Most people who work closely with animals, such as animal
    trainers, take it as a matter of fact that animals have emotions.

    Paraphrase: Masson and McCarthy (1995) stated that almost all people who
    have interacted intimately with animals know that they have the capacity to
    feel.

    5
    What is a summary ?

     A summary is a brief description that contains the essential information of a source


    without changing the focus of the original source.
     Summaries are much shorter than the original text.

    A summary is important:
     To get the gist out of a source of information
     To report essential information of a source of information
     To identify the main ideas from surrounding facts, supporting ideas or additional examples

    6
    How to write a good summary

     Read the original text carefully.

     Identify the main ideas out of the examples , statistics , quotations

     Keep similar ideas together

     Write notes in point form using key words and ideas. Use your notes to write

    the summary.

     Credit the original author/s where necessary

    7
    Example 01

    Original text:
    Spring, summer, fall, winter make changes in the way of life of the people in
    Europe. For example, in the winter people take tunnels instead of highways
    which are blocked by heavy snowfall.

    Summary:
    The seasonal change affects the day to day life of the people in Europe.

    8
    Example 02

    Original text:
    Local studies show an upward trend in the prevalence of diabetes. A study done
    in 2005 reported 14.2% among males and 13.5% among females out of the total
    number of patients. In the next year it was 15% and 14% respectively.

    Summary:
    According to research each year an increasing number of men and women get
    diabetes.

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