The document outlines an activity comparing the structures of plant and animal cells, detailing the necessary materials, procedures, and hypotheses. It includes observations made during the experiment, highlighting similarities and differences between the two cell types, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells and a flexible membrane in animal cells. The document also suggests a procedure for identifying unknown cells based on their structural characteristics.
The document outlines an activity comparing the structures of plant and animal cells, detailing the necessary materials, procedures, and hypotheses. It includes observations made during the experiment, highlighting similarities and differences between the two cell types, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells and a flexible membrane in animal cells. The document also suggests a procedure for identifying unknown cells based on their structural characteristics.
The document outlines an activity comparing the structures of plant and animal cells, detailing the necessary materials, procedures, and hypotheses. It includes observations made during the experiment, highlighting similarities and differences between the two cell types, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells and a flexible membrane in animal cells. The document also suggests a procedure for identifying unknown cells based on their structural characteristics.
The document outlines an activity comparing the structures of plant and animal cells, detailing the necessary materials, procedures, and hypotheses. It includes observations made during the experiment, highlighting similarities and differences between the two cell types, such as the presence of a cell wall in plant cells and a flexible membrane in animal cells. The document also suggests a procedure for identifying unknown cells based on their structural characteristics.
Compare and contrast the structures of plant and animal cells.
SKILLS YOU WILL USE
Hypothesizing, observing, recording data.
WHAT YOU WILL NEED
Compound light microscope, leat from Elodea plant, forceps, medicine dropper, water,; slide, coverslip, prepared slide of human cheek cells.
HYPOTHESIS
Null Hypothesis: There are no similarities in the morphology and functions between plant and animal cells.
Alternative Hypothesis: There are similarities in the morphology and functions
between plant and animal cells
PROCEDURES
Conduct Your Experiment
1 Make a three-column chart in your notebook. Label the columns Leaf Cells, Cheek Cells, and Both Types of Cells. 2 Make a wet-mount slide of an Elodea leaf taken from the tip of the plant, where there is new growth. Use forceps and handle the leaf carefully. 3 Observe the specimen with the microscope on low power. This will show the outermost cell layer. 4 Draw several of the cells you see and label the cell structures that are visible. Record the cell structures on your chart.
5. Observe the specimen on high power. What other cell structures are now visible? Add them to your drawing and chart. 6 Using a prepared slide of human cheek cells, repeat steps 3-5. Elodea Leaf
Cheek Cell Analyze Your Data 1 In the third column of your chart, list the structures you saw that are common to plant and animal cells
LEAF CELL CHEEK CELL BOTH TYPE OF CELL
● Possess a thick ● Has a flexible cell ● Both have
cell wall. membrane. cytoplasm to ● Has large vacuoles ● Has a smaller suspend their for water storage. vacuole organelles. ● Both have nucleus for replication.
2 Which organelles are unique to plant cells? To animal cells?
- It seems cell wall and chloroplast are unique to plant cells while cell membrane is unique to animal cell.
3 What makes a leaf green?
- Chloroplasts that are unique to plant cells contains chlorophyll which have a green pigment. Plants use this for the process of photosynthesis.
4 The cells in the lining of your cheek are organized in sheets. Did the cheek cells in your slide look different? If so, what might have affected their appearance? - Maybe it doesn't look like a sheet anymore because their organization might become distorted when we swabbed our cheeks for the sample. The motion and the movements we did might be the cause for the disruption of the cell's sheet appearance.
5 As you viewed the cell structures in the plant leaf with the microscope, how could you make the structures more visible? - By adjusting the coarse adjustment knob, and by using different powered objectives. I found out that it will also help to scrape or make your samples more thinner so that more light will pass through. Draw Conclusions Was your prediction supported by your observations? In my hypothesis, there should be some similarities in the structure and function of plant and animal cells. The similarities I observed during the experiment are the following. ● Cell wall and cell membrane although different, still possesses the same function which is to regulate what comes in and out of the cell its just that cell wall are more rigid than cell membrane. ● They both have cytoplasm and nucleus.
Were there any organelles that you expected to see, but did not? How do you explain this?
I didn't see other important organelles such as the vacuoles, ribosome, soft and rough ER, etc. This is maybe because the power of the microscopes we've used is not enough for us to see much smaller organelles.
Design a Related Experiment
Imagine you are given a slide of unidentified cells. Explain the procedure you would use to determine if they are plant or animal cells.
Procedure:
1. Observe the structure of the cell using a microscope. Play around the coarse knob, and use different objective lenses and see which specifications will allow you to see the cells properly. 2. Focus on the structure of the cell. Plant cells has thicker cell walls and animal cells has thin cell membranes. 3. Look for green pigments in cells. Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll that has green pigment which is unique to plant cells. 4. Use staining techniques as it will help highlight the kind of cell wall/membrane the cell have. 5. Use reference image of a plant/animal cell as a guide.
