ANNUAL EXAMINATION (2024-25) SET-1

CLASS - XI
SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY THEORY

Time:3 Hours MM: 70

General Instructions:
Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple -choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case - based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
(g) All questions are compulsory.
(h) Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION: A
The following questions are multiple choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1. Which of the following is iso-electronic with Ar
(a) O2– (b) Cl- (c) Mg++ (d) Na
2. What is the symbol of element with atomic number 109
(a) Une (b) Unn (c) Uun (d) Unu
3. Find the correct relationship
(a) Cp + Cv = R (b) Cv – Cp = R (c) Cp – Cv = R (d) Cp – Cv = 1/R
4. Which is reducing agent in the following reaction
2 H2S (g) + O2 (g)  2 S (s) + 2 H2O (l)
(a) H2S (b) O2 (c) S (d) H2O
5. Which of the following is aromatic

(a) (b) (c) (d)

6. There is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is possible in
(a) Open System (b) Closed System (c) Isolated System (d) Adiabatic System
7. Relation between equilibrium constant for forward reaction (K) and backward reaction (K’)
is
(a) K = K’ (b) K/K’ = 1 (c) K’ = K2 (d) K’ = 1/K
8. Which of the following pairs is ortho- and para- directing group
(a) –OH & –CH3 (b) –OH & –NO2 (c) –NO2 & –COOH (d) –CH3 & –COOH
9. Write IUPAC name of the following compound

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 (a) 3-Bromo-3-Chloroheptane (b) 2-Bromo-2-Chloroheptane
(c) 1-Bromo-1-Chloroheptane (d) 2-Bromo-2-Chlorohexane
10. What happens when ethyne gas is passed over red hot iron?
(a) ethane is formed (b) benzene is formed
(c) ethene is formed (d) no reaction occur
11. No. of sigma bonds and pi bonds present in the following compound
CH2=CHCN
(a) 6, 3 (b) 5, 3 (c) 6, 2 (d) 5, 2
12. Expansion of octet can be seen in
(a) BF3 (b) SiCl4 (c) H2O (d) SF6
13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion : The minimum possible value of Principal quantum no. is 1.
Reason : the value of Azimuthal quantum no. for p-sub shell is 1.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: PCl5 molecule is octahedral in shape.
Reason: PCl5 has two types of bonds axial bonds and equatorial bonds.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: Presence of a catalyst does not affect the equilibrium.
Reason: A catalyst increases rate of forward as well as backward reaction equally.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: tert-Butyl carbocation is more stable than sec-Butyl carbocation.
Reason: tert-Butyl carbocation shows lesser number of hyperconjugative structures than
sec-Butyl carbocation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

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 SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. What is electron gain enthalpy? Why Electron gain enthalpy of Cl is greater than F.
18. (i) How many molecules of CO2 are present in 1.12 L of it at STP?
(ii) How many atoms of silver are present in a 54 g of silver? At the mass of silver = 108.
OR
An organic compound on analysis gave the following composition. Carbon = 40%,
Hydrogen = 6.66% and oxygen = 53.34%. Calculate its molecular formula if its
molecular mass is 90.
19. Calculate pH of a 1.0 × 10–8 M solution of HCl if it is 100% ionized.
20. Explain the following terms:
(a) Inductive effect
(b) Heterolytic fission
21. (a) What is peroxide effect?
(b) Draw the Newmann projections of ethane.
SECTION : C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. (a) Arrange the following carbocation according to their stability.
H3C+, (CH3)3C+, (CH3)2CH+, CH3CH2+
(b) Write all possible isomers of molecular formula C4H10.
(c) Draw the resonance structures of aniline.
23. (a) What is called threshold frequency?
(b) The threshold frequency νo for a metal is 7.0 ×1014 s–1. Calculate the kinetic energy of an
electron emitted when radiation of frequency ν =1.0 ×1015 s–1 hits the metal.
24. (i) What is diagonal relationship?
(ii) Show by a chemical reaction with water that Na 2O is a basic oxide and Cl2O7 is an
acidic oxide.
25. Attempt any two:

2SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2SO3 (g)

(a) At 450K, Kp= 2.0 × 1010 bar–1 for the given reaction at equilibrium.

What is Kc (R = 0.0831)
(b) Classify the following species into Lewis acids and Lewis bases:
(i) OH– (ii) F– (iii) BCl3
(c) What is buffer solution? Give on example.
26. (a) Find out the oxidation number of underlined atom in the following species.
(i) K2Cr2O7 (ii) O=C=C=C=O
(b) Balance the following equation by ion-electron method.
MnO4– (aq) + I– (aq)  MnO2 (s) + I2 (s)
27. (a) Which method will be applied to separate glycerol from spent-lye in soap industry.
(b) In Dumas’ method for estimation of nitrogen, 0.3g of an organic compound gave 50mL
of nitrogen collected at 300K temperature and 715mm pressure. Calculate the

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 percentage composition of nitrogen in the compound. (Aqueous tension at 300K=15
mm)
28. (a) State second law of Thermodynamics.
(b) The combustion of benzene is given as
C6H6 (l) + 15/2 O2 (g)  6 CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l); combH = –3267.0 kJ
Calculate the standard enthalpy of formation, fH of benzene. Standard enthalpies of
o

formation of CO2 (g) and H2O (l) are –393.5 kJ mol–1 and –285.83 kJ mol–1 respectively.
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an internal
choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the
questions that follow.
29. Mole concept is the method used to express the amount of substance. This has been
experimentally proving that one gram atom of any element, as well as one gram molecule
of any substance, contains the same amount of entities. The experimentally decided
number is found to be 6.022137 × 1023 which is called Avagadro’s Number. After the
discovery of the mole concept, the problem of finding absolute atomic masses of atoms
was solved. It was so because the mole concept helps to count the number of atoms or
molecules in a definite amount of the given substance. Let’s learn more about mole concept
formulas and examples.
Mole concept is known as the method used to express the amount of substance. A mole is
defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of different entities (such
as atoms, ions, and molecules) as the number of atoms in a sample of pure 12C weighing
precisely 12 g. Even a gram of any pure element contains a high amount of atoms. The
mole connects a simple macroscopic feature (bulk mass) to a genuinely significant
fundamental trait (number of atoms, molecules, etc.). One mole is also defined as the
amount of a substance that contains as many entities as there are atoms in exactly 12 g of
the 12C isotope. It was found that the mass of one atom of carbon-12 element is equal to
1.992648 × 10-23 g as measured by the mass spectrometer. Since one mole of Carbon-12
atom weighs 12 g, therefore, the number of atoms in it equals 12 g mol -1 / 1.992648
× 1023 g atom-1 = 6.0221367 × 1023 atoms mol-1. The following formula may be used to
calculate the number of moles of a chemical in a given pure sample: n = N/NA
Where n represents the number of moles of the chemical, N denotes the average number of
fundamental units in the sample, and NA represents the Avogadro constant.

Answer the following:

(a) What is the mass of one gram atom of 12C is
(b) How many atoms are present in 0.5 moles of ozone?
(c) When 6 g of 12C is completely burnt, CO2 is produced. How many molecules of CO2 are
produced?
OR
What is the difference between molecular mass and molar mass? What will be molar
mass of glucose?
30. Calorimeter is used for measuring the amount of heat change in a chemical or physical

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 change. In calorimetry, the temperature change in the process is measured which is directly
proportional to the heat capacity. By using the expression C = q/m ΔT, we can calculate the
amount of heat change in the process. Calorimetric measurements are made under two
different conditions i.e. at constant volume (qV) and at constant pressure (qp).
1. For chemical reactions, heat evolved at constant volume, is measured in a bomb
calorimeter. A known amount of combustible substance is burnt in oxygen in the bomb.
Heat evolved during the reaction is absorbed by the calorimeter as well as the water in
which the bomb is immersed. The change in temperature is measured using a Beckman
thermometer. Since the bomb is sealed its volume does not change and hence the heat
measurements is equal to the heat of combustion at a constant volume (ΔU)c.
2. The enthalpy of combustion at constant pressure of the substance is calculated from the
equation ΔHC°(pressure) = ΔUC(Vol) + ΔngRT
Heat change at constant pressure (at atmospheric pressure) can be measured using a coffee
cup calorimeter. Instead of bomb, a styrofoam cup is used in this calorimeter. It acts as
good adiabatic wall and doesn't allow transfer of heat produced during the reaction to its
surrounding. This entire heat energy is absorbed by the water inside the cup. This method
can be used for the reactions where there is no appreciable change in volume. The change
in the temperature of water is measured and used to calculate the amount of heat that has
been absorbed or evolved in the reaction using the expression, q = mw Cw ΔT

Answer the following:

(a) Name the calorimeter in which enthalpy change is measured.
OR
Name the calorimeter in which enthalpy change is measured.
(b) Initial volume of a combustible mixture in a bomb calorimeter is 1080 mL. if 102 kJ
heat is produced what will be internal energy change?
(c) In an experiment of measurement of H the energy is produced in transferred to water.
Temperature of 90 g water is raised from 300 K to 302 K. Calculate H. (molar heat
capacity of water is 4184 kJ K-1 mol-1)
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions
have an internal choice.
31. (a) Write the electronic configuration of the Cu+ (Z=29) and Cr (Z=24)
(b) State the following
(i) Pauli Exclusion Principle
(ii) Heisenberg uncertainty principle
(c) Draw the structure of all d-orbitals.
OR
(a) State Aufbau Principal.
(b) (i) How many sub-shells are associated with n = 4 ?
(ii) Write set of all four quantum no. for 9th electron of Fluorine.
(c) Find the de Broglie wavelength for an electron moving at the speed of 2.19×106
ms−1 (Given: Mass of an electron = 9.1×10-31 kg & h = 6.6 x 10 -34 Js)
32. Attempt any five:

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 (a) Define Huckels rule of aromaticity.
(b) Complete the following equation:

(c) Justify that hydrogen atoms of ethyne are acidic.

(d) Define the term pyrolysis.
(e) Write the products when ozonolysis of 2-pentene (CH3CH2CH=CHCH3) is done.
(f) What is polymerization reaction?
(g) How will you convert acetic acid into methane
33. (a) Draw the structure of ICl5.
(b) What is octet rule. Write any two limitations of octet rule.
(c) Explain bond order and magnetic properties in the following species.
N2, N2-, N2+, N2+2
OR
(a) Draw the resonance structures of CO32- ion.
(b) Explain bonding in H2 molecule according to valance bond theory.
(c) Give reasons
(i) He2 molecule does not exist.
(ii) NaCl forms ionic bond.

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN DEHRADUN REGION SET-2

SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION -2024-2025
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER

6
 CLASS :- XI SUBJECT :- CHEMISTRY THEORY
Time:- 3 Hours Max Marks:70

SECTION A
Q1 22
4.6 x 10 atoms of an element weigh 13.8 g. The atomic mass of the element is:
(A) 290 (B) 180 (C) 34.4 (D) 10.4
Q2 Which of the following is not permissible?
(a) n= 4, l = 3, m= 0 (b) n= 4, l = 2, m= 1
(c) n= 4, l = 4, m= 1 (d) n= 4, l = 0, m= 0
Q3 The incorrect statement in the following is
1) General electronic configuration of f block is (n - 2) f1-14 (n - 1) d0,1 ns2
2)most of the transition metal form coloured compounds due to d-d transition.
3) f block elements are also called as inner-transition elements
4)The second ionisation potential of Mg is greater than the second ionisation potential of
Na
Q4 The oxidation number of Cr in K2Cr2O7 is:
(a) -6 (b) +6 (c) +2 (d) -2
Q5 Which series of hydrogen spectrum will be in visible region:
(a) Pfund (b) Lyman (c) Balmer (d) Brackett
2 7
Q6 An element has electronic configuration[ Ar]184s 3d it belongs to
a) Group 7 period 3 b) Group 9 period 3
c) Group 9 period 4 d) Group 7 period 4
Q7 How many Sigma and Pi bonds are present in Pent-3-ene-1-yne
(a) 3-sigma, 10-pi (b) 9-Sigma, 3-pi
(c) 10-Sigma, 3-pi (d) 12-Sigma, 2-pi
Q8 Displacement of electrons in a multiple bond due to the attack of attacking reagent is called
(a) Inductive effect (b) Electrometric effect
(c) Resonance effect (d) Hyper conjugation effect
Q9 Which of the following options does not represent correct electronic configuration of an
atom?
(A)1s2 2s2 2p63s2 3p6 3d84s2 (B)1s22s22p63s23p63d94s2
2 2 6 2 6 10 1
(C)1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 3d 4s (D)1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d5 4s1
Q1 KP/KC for the reaction: CO(g) + ½ O2(g) ⇌ CO2(g) is
0 a) 1 b) RT c) 1/(RT)1/2 d) (RT)1/2
Q1 Calcium carbide reacts with water produces
1 (a) propene (b) ethene (c) propyne (d) ethyne
Q1 When NH4Cl is added to NH4OH solution the dissociation of ammonium hydroxide is
2 reduced. It is due to:
(a) common ion effect (b) hydrolysis (c) oxidation (d) reduction
Directions : Each of these questions contain two statements, Assertion and Reason. Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer.
You have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
(a) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is a correct explanation for assertion.
b) Assertion is correct, reason is correct; reason is not a correct explanation for assertion
(c) Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d) Assertion is incorrect, reason is correct.
Q1 Assertion : Niels Bohr could not explain spectra of multi electronic species.
3 Reason :The spectrum of multi electronic species were very complex due to closely spaced
line.

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Q1 Assertion: The boiling point of cis-But-2-ene is higher than that of trans-But-2-ene.
4 Reason: cis-But-2-ene is non-polar whereas trans-But-2-ene is polar.
Q1 Assertion- Electron gain enthalpy of Fluorine is more negative than that of Chlorine.
5 Reason- Size of Fluorine atom is very small.
Q1 Assertion (A)- Furan is an example of Hetrocyclic compound.
6 Reason (R) - The functional group is an atom or a group of atoms joined to the carbon
chain which is responsible for the chemical properties of the organic compounds.
SECTION B
Q1 a) Why the Benzene did not decolorize bromine water?
7 b) How the 1-Chloropentane and 1-Chloro-3-methylbutane are related to each other?
Q1 a) All bonds in ClF3 are not equal why?
8 b) Name two d-orbitals which are on axis.
OR
a) Name the hybridisation of PCl5.
b) NF3 has less dipole moment than NH3,why?
Q1 What will be the molarity of a solution, which contains 5.85 g of NaCl(s) per 500 mL?
9
Q2 a)Predict the sign of ΔS for the following change:
0 i)H2(g) at 298 k and 1 bar→ H2(g) at 298 k and 10 bar
ii)2NaHCO3(s)→ Na2CO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O(g)
b) Under what condition Δ U = ΔH ?
Q2 If the frequency of photon of light is is 2.5 x 10-10 hz then calculate the energy of photon?
1
SECTION C
Q2 (1) State Heisenberg s Uncertainty principle.
2 (2) Write electronic configuration of Cu metal (Z=29) and Cr3+ ion.
(3)Which orbital is represented by n=4 and l=3?
Q2 Balance the equation.
3 MnO4- + I- Mn2+ + I2 + H2O by ion electron method in acidic
medium
Q2 a) Mention any two types of isomerism shown by C4H8.
4 b) Write the IUPAC name CH3-CH=CH –CHO.
c) Why CF3COOH is more acidic than CH3COOH.
Q2 a) Write structure of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of 3,4 dimethyl hept-3 ene.
5 b)What are necessary conditions for any compound to show aromaticity?
c)What are electrophiles ? Give an example.
Q2 In Carius method of estimation of halogen, 0.15 g of an organic compound gave 0.12 g of
6 AgBr. Find out the percentage of bromine in the compound.(atomic mass of Ag=108u, Br =
80u)
Q2 a) Define Hess’s Law of Constant Heat Summation.
7 b)Find out the value of equilibrium constant for the following reaction at 298 K.
2NH3 (g) + CO g ⇌ NH2 CONH2 aq +H2 O . (Standard Gibbs energy change, ∆r G 0 at the
given temperature is –13.6 kJ mol –1)
OR
a) No heat is absorbed by the system from the surroundings, but work (w) is done on the
system. What type of wall does the system have ?
b) For the reaction at 298 K, 2A + B → C ∆H = 400 kJ mol–1 and ∆S = 0.2 kJ K–1 mol–1 At
what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ∆H and ∆S to be
constant over the temperature range?

8
Q2 Explain why (i) Be has higher ionization energy than B?
8 ii) Considering the atomic number and position in the periodic table, arrange the following
elements in the increasing order of metallic character : Si, Be, Mg, Na, P
iii) Show by a chemical reaction with water that Cl2O7 is an acidic oxide?
SECTION D
Q2 Many a time, reactions are carried out with the Amounts of reactants that are different
9 than The amounts as required by a balanced chemical reaction. In such situations, one
Reactant is in more amount than the amount required by balanced chemical reaction.
The reactant which is present in the least amount gets consumed after sometime and after
that further reaction does not take place whatever be the amount of the other reactant.
Hence, the reactant, which gets consumed first, limits the amount of product formed and is
called the limiting reagent. In performing stoichiometric calculations, this aspect is also to
be kept in mind. A majority of reactions in the laboratories are carried out in solutions.
Therefore, it is important to understand as how the amount of substance is expressed when
it is present in the form of a solution. The concentration of a solution or the amount of
substance present in its given volume can be expressed in molarity, molality, mass %,mole
fraction. Concentration of reactants can be measured
a) How are 0.2 mol NaOH and 0.2 M NaOH different ?
b) How do temperature affect molarity?
c)Calculate the amount of carbon dioxide that could be produced when 2 moles of
carbon are burnt in 16 g of dioxygen
OR
c) Chlorine is prepared in the laboratory by treating manganese
dioxide (Mn02) with aqueous hydrochloric acid according to the
reaction.
4 HCl (aq)+MnO2(s)———–> 2 H2O (l) +MnCl2(aq)+Cl2(g)
How many grams of HCl react with 5.0gof manganese dioxide?(Atomic mass Of Mn=55u)
Q3 In an open system, there is exchange of energy and matter between system and
0 surroundings. In closed system, there is no exchange of matter, but exchange of energy is
possible between system and the surroundings. In an isolated system, there is no exchange
of energy or matter between the system and the surroundings. Variables like P, V, T are
called state variables or state functions because their values depend only on the state of the
system, not how it is reached. Adiabatic process is a process in which there is no transfer of
heat between the system and surroundings. In thermodynamics, a distinction is made
between extensive properties and intensive properties. For example, mass, volume, internal
energy, enthalpy, heat capacity, etc. are extensive, temperature, density, pressure, molar
heat capacity etc. are intensive properties. specific heat capacity is the quantity of heat
required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.
Standard enthalpy of combustion is defined as the enthalpy change per mole (or per unit
amount) of a substance.. Energy is required to break a bond and energy is released when a
bond is formed. The bond dissociation enthalpy is the change in enthalpy when one mole of
covalent bonds of a gaseous covalent compound is broken to form products in the gas phase

a) What will be the sign of heat when is transferred from system to the surroundings?
b) Heat capacity is extensive property , whereas Molar heat capacity is intensive property
why?
c ) C2H4+ O2 2CO2+2 H2O & its enthalpy of combustion is -1410 kJ mol-1 . If enthalpy
of formation of CO2(g) & H2O (l) are -393.3 kJ and -286.2 kJ respectively , calculate the
enthalpy of formation of ethylene C2H4
OR

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 c) Enthalpy of formation of CO ,CO2, N2O and N2O4 are -110, -393, 81,and 9.7 KJ/Mol
respectively. Find the value of ∆rHo for the reaction
N2O4(g) + 3 CO(g) - N2O (g) + 3CO2 (g)
SECTION E
Q3 Write chemical equations for any five of the following chemical reactions..
1 (i) Decarboxylation reaction..
(ii) Polymerisation.
(iii) Friedal craft s alkylation
(iv) Elimination reaction.
(v) Nitration of benzene.
(vi) Wurtz reaction
(vii) Nucleophilic substitution reaction
Q3 a. Calculate the pH of sample of a soft drink whose hydronium ion concentration is 3.8 X
2 10 -3M. (log 3.8 = 0.589)
b. Explain - Buffer Solution, give one example for each type
c. What is heterogeneous equilibrium , give one example
OR
a), find out KC for the reaction 2H2(g) + CO(g) CH3OH (g)
describe the effect of 1. Addition of CH3OH II. decrease in pressure
b) Calculate solubility of BaSO4 if solubility product of BaSO4 is 1.1 × 10–10
c) What will be the conjugate bases for the following Brönsted acids: HF, H2 SO4, the
conjugate acids for the Brönsted bases: NH2 – , NH3
Q3 a) Indicate the magnetic properties of the following with molecular orbital configuration of
3 O2- (superoxide), O22-(Peroxide)
b) Predict the shapes of the following molecules by using VBT: SF6 and NH3. Draw their
shapes
c) Explain any two Salient features of molecular orbital theory
OR
a) Define hybridization ,any two Salient features of hybridization
b) As per MOT He2 molecule cannot exist why?
c) Name two molecules having bond order 3.
d) Draw resonance structures of CO.

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 KENDRIYAVIDYALAYASANGATHAN, DEHRADUNREGION SET-3
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION (2024-25)
Class:XI: Subject-Chemistry Theory (043)
Max.Marks:70 Time:3Hours
SECTION-A
Q.1 The empirical formula of glucose is
(a) CHO (b) CH2O
(c) CHO2 (d) None of these
Q.2 The total number of orbitals in a shell having principal quantum number n is
(a) 2n (b) n2
(c) 2n2 (d) n+1
Q.3 Theionizationenthalpiesoftheelementsdecreasesfromtoptobottominagroupof the periodic
table due to .
(a) Increaseddensities
(b) adeclinein thereactivities ofchemicals
(c) theexpansionoftheatomic size
(d) Reducedelectronegativities
Q.4 Which of the following angle corresponds to sp2 hybridisation?
(a) 900 (b) 1200
(c) 1800 (d) 109.50
Q.5 Thecorrect orderofhybridisationofthecentral atomin thefollowing species:
NH ,[PtCl ] -,PCl and BCl is
3 4 2 5 3

(a)dsp²,dsp³, sp²and sp³ (b)sp³, dsp², dsp³, sp²

(c)dsp², sp²,sp³, dsp³ (d)dsp², sp³, sp², dsp³
Q.6 for the reaction 2 Cl(g)-----------Cl2(g) what are the sign of ΔH andΔ S
(a) ΔH is negative Δ S is positive (b) ΔH is positive Δ S is negative
(c) both ΔH and ΔS are negative (d) bothΔ H and ΔS are positive
Q.7 The conjugate base of H2SO4 is
(a) HSO4-1 (b) HSO4 2-
(b) (c) SO4 -2 (d) none of these
Q.8 In a reversible reaction, two substances are in equilibrium. If the concentration of each one
is doubled the equilibrium constant will be .
(a) Reduce to half its original value.
(b) Reduced to one fourth of its original value.
(c) Doubled.
(d) Constant

Q.9 Theoxidation number of Cl in Cl2O7is:

(a)+7 (b)+5
(c)+3 (d)– 7
Q.10 Whichofthefollowingcompoundswillexhibitcis-trans isomerism?
(a) Butan-1-ol (b)But-2-yne
(c)Butan-2-ol (d)But-2-ene

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Q.11 The number of sigma, and pi bonds in Pent-2-en-4-yne is
(a) 11sigma bonds and 2 pi bonds
(b) 13sigma bonds and no pi bonds
(c) 10sigma bonds and 3pi bonds
(d) 8sigma bonds and 5 pi bonds
Assertion and Reason Questions
Directions: Given below are two statements as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Each of
these questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer.
You have to select one of the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) given below.
a. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
b. Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A
c. A is true but R is false
d. A is false but R is true.
Q.12 Assertion: One atomic mass unit is defined as one twelfth of the mass of one carbon–12
atom.
Reason: Carbon-12 isotope is the most abundant isotope of carbon and has been
Chosen as standard.
Q.13 Assertion: It is impossible to determine the exact position and exact momentum of an
electron simultaneously.
Reason: The path of an electron in an atom is clearly defined.
Q.14 Assertion: Spontaneous process is an irreversible process and may be reversed by some
external agency.
Reason: Decrease in enthalpy is a contributory factor for spontaneity
Q15 Assertion: pi bonds are weaker than σ bonds.
Reason : pi bonds are formed by the overlapping of p-p orbitals along their axes
Q.16 Assertion: Sodium acetate on Kolbe’s electrolysis gives methane.
Reason: Methyl free radical is formed at anode.

SECTION B
Q.17 In the reaction, A + B2  AB2,
identify the limiting reagent, if any, in the following mixtures
(i) 300 atoms of A + 200 molecules of B2
(ii) 2 mol A + 3 mol B2

Q.18 (a) Why the ionization enthalpy of Nitrogen is more than oxygen?
(b) Why is the electron gain enthalpy of F more than Cl ?
Q.19 (a) Which out of CH3F and CH3Cl has a higher dipole moment and why?
(b) On the basis of VSEPR theory deduce the shape of the following:

Q.20 At 298K.Kp for the reaction N2O4(g) ⇌ 2NO2(g) is 0.98. Predict whether the reaction is
(i) BrF3 (ii) XeF4

spontaneous or not.[Given 2.303 log(0.98) is–0.02]

Q.21 BF3 does not have protons but still acts as an acid and reacts with NH3. Why is it so? What
type of bond is formed between the two?

12
 SECTION C
Q.22 Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following
(i) 52 moles of Ar (ii) 52 uof He (iii) 52 gof He
2+
Q.23 (a) Calculate the no of unpaired electron in Fe ion.
(b) write the name of subshell for following quantum no
(1) n=3 l=2 m=-2 s=+1/2
(2) n=4 l=3 m=1 s=-1/2
(c) What is the lowest value of Principal quantum no for subshell g
Q.24 (a) consider the following species:
N3-,O2-,F-,Na+ Mg2+,Al3+
What is common in them?
Arrange them in the order of increasing ionic radii
(a) Determine the position of an element in periodic table whose atomic number is 32?
Q.25 Compare the relative stability of the following species and indicate their magnetic
properties: O2, O2+, O2– (Superoxide),O2 2- (peroxide)
26 Describe the effect of following on the equilibrium of the reaction:
2H2(g) + CO (g)  CH3OH (g)
(a)addition of H2 , addition of CH3OH , removal of CO
OR
At 473 K, equilibrium constant Kc for decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5 is
8.3 ×10-3. If decomposition is depicted as,
PCl5 (g)  PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ∆rH = 124.0 kJ mol–1
(a)Write an expression for Kc for the reaction
(b)What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
(c)what would be the effect on Kc if pressure is increased ,the temperature is increased?
Q.27 MnO -2 undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium but MnO4-does not. Give reason.
4

Q.28 Draw all the possible isomers of C2H2Cl2.Which one is non polar in it?
29 Electron moves around the nucleus in circular orbitals in fixed energy paths. As far as
electron moves in these orbits neither energy is absorbed nor liberated. But when electron
move from lower energy level to higher energy level energy is absorbed while when it
comes back from higher energy level to lower energy level energy is liberated in the form
of photon & a spectra lline is formed. Corresponding to different possible transitions
different lines are formed which form the particular serieses viz. lyman, balmer, paschen,
bracket, pfund etc.
Answer the following question
(a) When a electron jumped from lyman to paschen series then how many photon of
energy is absorbed?
(b) Why the electron move in fixed energy path?
(c) Write the formula of angular momentum of electron in balmer series.
OR
Which effect explain splitting of spectral line is a group of lines ?

13
 SECTION D
Q30 Once an organic compound is extracted from a natural resource or synthesized in the
laboratory,it is essential to purify it.Various methods used for the purification of organic
compounds are based on the nature of the compound and the nature of the impurity
present in it. Finally, the purity of a compound is ascertained by determining its boiling
point and melting point. Most of the pure compounds have sharp melting and boiling
points.New methods of checking the purity of an organic compound are based on different
types of chromatographic and spectroscopic methods.
(a) How will you separate mixture of camphor and benzoic acid?
OR
Boiling point of Chloroform is 334K and that of aniline is 457K. Which method will be
suitable to separate mixture of aniline and chloroform?
b) Which method is used to separate mixture of glycerol and spent-lye in soap industry ?
c) Name the method used to purify aniline

SECTION E
Q.31 (a) Explain the Following Term
(i) State Functions (ii) Extensive properties
(b) For the reaction at 298 K, 2A + B → C ∆H = 400 kJ mol–1and ∆S = 0.2 kJ K–1 mol–1
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ∆H and ∆S to be
constant over the temperature range.
OR
a) Explain the following
(1) Intensive properties (2) Hess’s Law
(b)For the reaction 2 A(g) + B(g) → 2D(g) ∆U 0 = –10.5 kJ and ∆S 0 = –44.1 JK–1 .
Calculate ∆G 0 for the reaction, and predict whether the reaction may occur spontaneously.
Q.32
(a) Write the structural formula of following compound
(i)Butanoicacid (ii) 2,2-dimethylpropanal
(b) What are nucleophiles? Give one example of nucleophile.
(c) Will CCl4 give white ppt of AgCl on heating with silver Nitrate. Give reason for your
answer.
d) Define hyper conjugation.
Q.33 (a) Explain giving suitable reactions:
(i) Markovnikov’s rule (ii) Wurtz reaction. (iii) β – elimination.
(b) An alkene ‘A’ on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one.
(i)Write structure and IUPAC name of ‘A’.
(ii)Give the reaction involved.
OR
(a) Explain the necessary conditions for a compound to be an aromatic?
(b) How will you convert:
(i) Benzene to p-nitro bromobenzene (ii) Ethyl chloride to ethene.
(c) What happens when addition of HBr to propene takes place in the presence of peroxide. Give

14
 mechanism.
Time:3 Hours set-4 MM: 70 SECTION: A
(MCQ)
The following questions are multiple choice questions with one correct answer. Each question
carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this section.
1. What will be the molality of the solution containing 29.25 g of NaCl gas in 500 g of water?
0.1 m b) 1 M c) 0.5 m d)1 m
2. Chloride ion is isoelectronic with
a) Na+ b) Mg c) Ar d) Al 3+
3. What is the standard enthalpy change of formation (Δ𝐻𝑓∘ ) of an element in its most stable
form?
a) Zero
b) The enthalpy of the reaction forming the compound
c) The enthalpy change of its combustion
d) The enthalpy change of its dissolution
4. The pH of aqueous solution of ammonium acetate is
a. Equal to zero b) greater than 7 c) equal to 7 d) 14
5. Which of the following species contains 3 bond pair and 1 lone pair around the central atom?
a) H2O b) BF3 c) NH4+ d) PCl3
6. What is the main product when ethylene (C2H4) reacts with bromine (Br2)?
a) Ethane (C2H6) b) 1,2-Dibromoethane (C2H4Br2)
c) Ethanol (C2H5OH) d) Acetic acid (CH3COOH)
7. The number of significant figures in 0.0026 is
a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4
8. If a reaction is at equilibrium and the temperature is increased, what will happen to the
position of equilibrium for an endothermic reaction?
A) The equilibrium position will shift to the right, favoring the products.
B) The equilibrium position will shift to the left, favoring the reactants.
C) The equilibrium position will remain unchanged.
D) The reaction will stop.
9. What will be the sign of ∆H and ∆S for the reaction:
F2(g) → 2F(g)
a) –ve , +ve b) +ve , +ve c) -ve , -ve d) None of the above
10. The displacement of electrons in a multiple bond in the presence of attacking reagent is called
a) Inductive effe b) Electromeric effect c) Resonance d) Hyper conjugation
11. Select the compound in which chlorine shows oxidation state is: + 7:
a) HCIO4 b) HCIO3 c) HCIO2 d) HCIO
12. The most suitable method used for the separation of mixture of ortho and para-nitro phenol is:
(a)Chromatography b) Crystallization c) Steam distillation d) Sublimation

15
13. Competencies = Assertion and reason
Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: Naphthalene is a benzenoid aromatic compound.
Reason: Tropolone does not contain any benzene ring.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: 4s orbital has lower energy than 3d.
Reason: Higher the value of n+l, Higher is the energy.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: Isobutane has higher boiling point than n-Butane.
Reason- Isobutane has lower surface area than n-Butane.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion: Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies of all canonical
forms.
Reason: Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.
Select the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. Determine number of moles in the following-
(i) 52 g He
(ii) 2.24 L of CH4 at STP
18. Draw the Newman projection formulae of ethane. Which conformation is stable?
19. Define a. Swarts Reaction b. Wurtz Reaction

16
20. For the reaction at equilibrium: N2 (g) +3H2 (g) ⇌2NH3 (g)
How will the equilibrium shift if the pressure is increased?
OR
The concentration of hydrogen ions in a sample of soft drink is 2 x 10-3 M. What is the pH
value? (Given log 2= 0.3010)
21. (i) Write IUPAC name and symbol of element with atomic number 101.
(ii) Place the element in periodic table with atomic number 35.
SECTION: C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The following
questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. Give reason:
(i) Electron gain enthalpy of Fluorine is smaller than Chlorine.
(ii) First ionization enthalpy of Oxygen is smaller than Nitrogen.
(iii) Lithium shows anomalous behaviour than rest of the alkali metals.
23. a. Show that the circumference of the Bohr's orbit for the hydrogen atom is an integral
multiple of the de Broglie's wavelength associated with the electron revolving around the
orbit
b. State Pauli’s exclusion principle.
24. Find the empirical formula and the molecular formula of an organic compound from the
data given below: C = 75.92%, H = 6.32% and N = 17.76%. The vapour density of the
compound is 39.5 .
25. Balance the following equation by ion electron method:
Fe2+(aq) + Cr2O72– (aq) → Fe3+ (aq) + Cr3+ (in acidic solution)
26. (i) State Le-Chatelier’s principle.
OR
At 473 K, equilibrium constant Kc for decomposition of phosphorus pentachloride, PCl5 is
8.3 ×10-3. If decomposition is depicted as, PCl5 (g)→ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ∆rH 0 = 124.0 kJmol–
1

a) write an expression for Kc for the reaction.

b) what is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
c) what would be the effect on Kc if
(i) more PCl5 is added
(ii) pressure is increased
(iii) the temperature is increased.
27. Calculate the enthalpy of formation of liquid benzene (C6H6) given the enthalpies of
combustion of carbon, hydrogen and benzene as -393.5 KJ, -285.83 KJ and -3267.0 KJ
respectively.
28. (a) Which technique is used to separate aniline from aniline–water mixture?
(b) In sulphur estimation, 0.157 g of an organic compound gave 0.4813 g of barium sulphate.
What is the percentage of sulphur in the compound? (At. M. of Ba = 137 u)

17
 SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an internal choice
and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage carefully and answer the questions
29. that follow. (Critical thinking =competencies)
Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that measures the maximum reversible
work that can be performed by a system at constant temperature and pressure. It combines the
system's internal energy (U), temperature (T), and entropy (S) into a single value. The Gibbs
free energy is given by the formula:
G=U +PV−TS where: G is the Gibbs free energy, U is the internal energy, T is the absolute
temperature, S is the entropy, P is the pressure, and V is the volume.
The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) during a process can indicate whether the process is
spontaneous. For a spontaneous process at constant temperature and pressure,
ΔG must be negative. Conversely, if ΔG is positive, the process is non-spontaneous.
For a chemical reaction, the Gibbs free energy change can be related to the equilibrium
constant (K) by the following equation:
ΔG∘ =−RTlnK .
where ΔG∘ is the standard Gibbs free energy change, R is the universal gas constant, T is the
temperature in Kelvin, K is the equilibrium constant of the reaction.
In addition to indicating spontaneity, Gibbs free energy is also useful in predicting the
direction of the reaction. When the Gibbs free energy is minimized, the system is at
equilibrium.
(a) A chemical reaction is carried out at a constant temperature and pressure. If the Gibbs free
energy change (ΔG) for the reaction is -15 kJ/mol, what does this imply about the spontaneity
of the reaction?
OR
Two reactions, A and B, are conducted at the same temperature and pressure.
Reaction A has Δ𝐺∘=−25 kJ/mol, and Reaction B has ΔG∘ =+15kJ/mol. Which reaction is
more likely to be spontaneous?
(b) At constant temperature and pressure, if the entropy of a system increases and the
enthalpy decreases, what is the expected effect on Gibbs free energy (ΔG)?
(c) A reaction reaches equilibrium at a temperature of 350 K. If the Gibbs free energy change
for the reaction at equilibrium is 0J/mol, what is the value of equilibrium constant (K)?

30. In an organic reaction a covalent bond between two carbon atoms or a carbon and some other
atom is broken and a new bond is formed. A sequential account of each step, describing
details of electron movement, energetics during bond cleavage and bond formation, and the
rates of transformation of reactants into products kinetics) is referred to as reaction
mechanism. A species having a carbon atom possessing of electrons and a positive charge is
called a carbocation (earlier called carbonium ion).

18
 The CH3+ion is known as a methyl cation or methyl carbonium ion. carbocations are classified
as primary, secondary or tertiary depending on whether one, two or three carbons are directly
attached to the positively charged carbon. Some other examples of carbocations are: CH 3CH2+
(ethyl cation, a primary carbocation), (CH3)2CH+ (isopropyl cation, a secondary carbocation),
and (CH3)3C+ (tert–butyl cation, a tertiary carbocation). Carbocations are highly unstable and
reactive species.
a. Write any two reactive intermediates which are unstable.
b. State the hybridation of carbocation.
c. Why are tertiary carbocation is more stable?
(OR)
c. Define electrophile and nucleophile with an example of each.
SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All questions have an internal
choice.
31. a. Calculate the radius of the first orbit of He+. (2)
b. State Heisenberg uncertainty Give any one significance of it. (2)
c. Write electronic configuration of Cr3+ ion. (Z=24) 1M
OR
(i) What is photoelectric effect?
(ii) Find angular nodes and radial nodes in 4p.
(iii) Calculate the wave number of yellow radiations having wavelength 5800 A0.
32. Attempt any five:
(a) Why are axial bonds longer as compared to equatorial bonds in PCl5?
(b) Predict the geometry and shape of ClF3 molecule as per VSEPR theory.
(c) Why O2 is paramagnetic in nature?
(d) Which out of NH3 and NF3 has higher dipole moment and why?
(e) What is the sequence of decreasing bond angles of the following hydrides?
NH3, PH3, AsH3, SbH3
(f) Why H2O is a liquid but H2S is a gas? (competency =application)
(g) Why LiCl is covalent but NaCl is ionic in nature?
33. Competency =understanding
(a) Explain the following with equations-
(i) Ozonolysis (ii) Pyrolysis
(b) (i) Why terminal alkynes are acidic in nature?
(ii) How can you say that benzene is an aromatic compound?
(iii) Complete the reaction CaC2 + H2O 
OR
(i) Identify ‘A’, ‘B’, ‘C’ and ‘D’

(ii) Out of benzene and toluene, which will undergo nitration easily, and why?

19
 SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER SET-5
CLASS SETXI
CHEMISTRY THEORY
(043)
MM:70 Time: 3 hours

Q.No SECTION A

1 45.4 L of Dinitrogen at STP reacted with 22.7L of Dioxygen, and 45.4L of Nitrous
oxide was formed. The reaction is given below:
2N2(g) +O2(g)→ 2N2O(g)
Recognize the law being obeyed in this experiment.
(a)Law of Multiple proportion Avogadro’sLaw
(b) Law of Conservation of mass Gay Lussac’s Law of Gaseous volumes.

2 Number of angular nodes for 4d orbital is __________.

(a) 4 (b) 3 ( c) 2 (d) 1
3 The values of standard electrode potentials of some halogen species are given as:
(a)E˚F2/F-=2.85V ; (b)E˚Cl2/Cl-=1.36V ; (c)E˚Br2/Br-=1.06V ; (d)E˚I2/I-=0.53V
The correct order of reducing power of above species would be:
a. a>b>c>d a<b<c<d
b. d<c<a<b d>c>a>b
4 In which of the following molecules, carbon will behave as a nucleophilic centre:
a. HCOCl CH3NCS CH3MgBr CH3SCH3

5 Select the species with least bond order :

a.
C2 O 2 N+2 O 2-
2

6 Atomic number of the element with the symbol Uuu is :

a. 100 111 110 101

7 Compare the given compounds, and select the one in which nitrogen can be estimated
by Kjeldahl’s method.
a.Azo compounds b.Nitrobenzene
c.Pyridine d.Benzylamine
8 Choose the correct statement related to formation of Nitronium ion as an
electrophile:
a. Sulphuric acid acts as an acid and Nitric acid acts as a base.
b. Sulphuric acid acts as a base and Nitric acid acts as an acid.
c. Sulphuric acid and Nitric acid both act as acids.
d. HSO4- acts as conjugate acid and H2NO3 + acts as a conjugate base.

20
9 Which of the following is an example of a redox reaction?
(a)XeF6 +H2O  XeOF4 +2HF
(b)
XeF6 +2H2O  XeO2F2 +4HF
(c)
XeF4 +O2F2  XeF6 +O2
(d)
XeF2 +PF5  [XeF]+PF6

10 Identify the correct expression for internal energy change for an adiabatic process.
a. ΔU = 0
b. ΔU = -q
c. ΔU = W
d. ΔU = +q
11 The correct inference with respect to Lassaigne’s test is-
a. The formation of Prussian blue colour indicates the presence of N
b. The formation of yellow colour indicates the presence of S
c. The formation of Red colour indicates the presence of N and P
d. The formation of Violet colour indicates the presence of N
12 The mean C-H bond enthalpy in methane is 416 kJ/mol .The enthalpy of atomization
for methane molecule would be-
a. -1664 kJ/mol
b. +104 kJ/mol
c. + 1664 kJ/mol
d. -104 kJ/mol
13 Given below are two statements labeled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R)
Assertion (A) : Generally, ionisation enthalpy increases from left to right in a
period.
Reason (R) : When successive electrons are added to the orbitals in the
same principal quantum level, the shielding effect of inner core of electrons does not
increase very much to compensate for the increased attraction of the electron to the
nucleus.

14 Assertion (A) : The H-N-H bond angle in NH3 is smaller than H-O-H bond angle
in H2O
Reason (R) : Nitrogen has one lone pair and oxygen has two lone pairs.
15 Assertion (A) : In differential extraction method, the same solvent is
repeatedly used for extraction of the compound.
Reason (R) : Two compounds with different solubilities in the same solvent can be
separated by this method.
16 Assertion (A) : The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form water and
oxygen is an example of disproportionation reaction.
Reason (R) : The oxygen of peroxide is in –1 oxidation state and it is
converted to zero oxidation state in O2 and –2 oxidation state in H2O.

SECTION B

21
17 Calculate the molarity of the solution obtained by dissolving 120g of urea [Mol
wt.=60] in 880g of water. The density of the solution is 1.15g/mL.
18 Write the electronic configuration of element with atomic no. 25 and assign the position
to the given element in the periodic table.
19 Complete the following reactions :
a.

20 Balance the following redox reaction:

MnO 2- → MnO - + MnO (Acidic medium
4 4 2

OR
Balance the following redox reaction:
MnO - + I-→ I + MnO (Basic medium)
4 2 2

21 The ionisation of hydrochloric in water is given below:

HCl(aq) + H2O (l )  H3O+ (aq) + Cl– (aq)
Label two conjugate acid-base pairs in this ionisation.

SECTION C
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of ethylene given that the enthalpy of
22
hydrogenation of ethylene , combustion of hydrogen and ethane are -135.6 kJ/mol , -
286.2kJ/mol and -1560.6 kJ/mol respectively at 298 K.
Determine the number of sub-shells associated with n=5.
23
How many electrons will be present in the subshells having ms value of +½ for n=5?
(c) Explain one difference between Absorption and Emission spectrum.
Explain the following :
24
Arrange the following according to the property mentioned in bracket:
N , O , F ( increasing order of electron gain enthalpy)
N3- , O2- , F- ( increasing order of effective nuclear charge)
Group 17 elements ( increasing order of reactivity)
An aliphatic compound ‘X’ undergoes cyclic polymerisation to form aromatic compound
25 ‘Y’ and ‘X’ also gives ethanal on warming with mercuric sulphate and dilute sulphuric
acid at 333K . ‘Y’ reacts with Cl2 in the presence of UV light to form gammaxane. Write
all the chemical equations involved.
26 An electron is emitted from a metal surface with a velocity of 5.84 x 105 ms-1
,when a photon of wavelength 4x 10-7 m strikes on it. Calculate
a. Energy of photon in eV. b.K.E of emitted electron. c.Work function in eV.
[h=6.626 x 10-34Js; c=3 x108m/s;1eV=1.602 x 10-19J]

22
27 Consider the following reactions and answer the questions given below:

a) Mention the type of fission taking place in the substrate molecules.

b) Write the intermediate formed in both the cases.
Identify the more stable intermediate giving reason.
Write IUPAC names of the products obtained by the ozonolysis of the following compounds :
28
(i) Pent-2-ene (ii) 3,4-Dimethylhept-3-ene (iii) 2-Ethylbut-1-ene
SECTION D
Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow:
29
In our day to day life, we come across various mixtures of substances. Often in these mixtures
the amount of one of the components is more than the other. To have a quantitative
comparison, we express distribution of one substance into that of other by the term
‘Concentration’. The concentration of a solution is expressed in many ways molarity, molality,
mole fraction, g/litre ,ppm , ppb, and % .However, for pure substances, concentration term is
meaningless, rather we talk about their percentage purity .Molarity is the number of moles of
solute dissolved per litre of solution whereas molality is number of moles of solute per
kilogram of solvent. Mole fraction on the other hand is the ratio of moles of any component to
the total moles of all components in the solution. Moreover ,the temperature dependent terms
are less preferred to express concentration.
a. If the concentration of glucose (C6H12O6) in blood is 0.9 g L–1, what will be the
molarity of glucose in blood?
b. What will be the molality of the solution containing 18.25 g of HCl gas in 500 g of
water?
c. Give two concentration terms which are independent of temperature. Give reason in
support of your answer.
OR
c.Mention the concentration term which is generally used to express-
i)composition of medicines in tablet form.
(ii)Increased level of pollutants in air.
30 Read the passage carefully and answer the questions that follow :
The process of rusting involves solid metal iron reacting with gaseous oxygen in
presence of moisture to form solid hydrated ferric oxide. Going by the phase change, it
is obvious that randomness (entropy) is decreasing as gaseous oxygen is consumed and
solid oxide is being formed. This doesn't seem to support spontaneity. However the
process of rusting is a self – supporting reaction as the surplus energy generated in the
reaction ( -1648 kJ mol-1) becomes dispersed to the surroundings as ‘heat’ and raises
the entropy of the surrounding. On calculation, overall entropy (system + surroundings)
ΔS total is found to be (4.98kJmol-1K-1). A) State second law of Thermodynamics .
b)Why is free energy a better way of predicting feasibility of a reaction as compared
to entropy?
c) Is rusting of iron feasible at all temperatures ? Explain

23
 SECTION E
31 Give answer of any five questions:
a. Discuss the shape of AsF5 using VSEPR theory.
b. Draw the Lewis dot structure of NO2.
c. Explain the hybridization of AlCl4-
d. Give an example of polyatomic species having zero dipole moment.
e. What type of hydrogen bond is present in 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid .
f. Out of these species, which has highest bond order: O2- , O2 , O2+.
g. Predict hybridization and geometry of PCl5 molecule.
32 a.A 0.1 M solution of Formic acid [HCOOH] has Ka=1.77x 10-4.Calculate
(i) pH of the solution
(ii) Percent dissociation of HCOOH.
b.State Henry’s law.
c. For the reaction,H2(g) +Br2(g) = 2HBr(g),The equilibrium amounts of H2, Br2 and
HBr is 0.45mole, 0.39mole and 3 moles respectively at 25oC. Calculate, (a)Kc (b)
Kp, for the reaction at the given temperature.[R=0.0821Latm/K/mol]
OR
a. The value of Kc for the reaction, 2A = B + C, is 2 x 10-4 .At a given time,
the composition of reaction mixture is [A]=[B]=[C]=5 x 10-5 M. Predict whether at
this composition, the reaction will favour the formation of A. Justify your answer.
b. Define common-ion effect.
The Ksp of BaSO4 is 1.0 x 10-10.Predict whether the precipitation will take place or not,
when 40 mL of 1.0 x 10-5 BaCl2 solution is mixed with 40 mL of 5.0 x 10-6 M Na2SO4
Solution.
33 a Write the structure for two functional isomers having the molecular formula C4H10O.
b.Give structure and IUPAC name for isobutyl alcohol.
c. For the complete neutralization of ammonia gas obtained from 2.8 g of inorganic compound,
required 20 millimoles of H2SO4. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen in the sample.
[At.mass N=14u;S=32u;O=16u;H=1u]
OR
a. In the Carius method of estimation of Sulphur 0.2 g of organic compound
contains 40% of sulphur by mass. Calculate the amount of BaSO4 precipitated during
this estimation.[At.mass Ba=137u;S=32u;O=16u;]
Interpret the information given in the figure and answer the questions that follow .

i) Identify the method of purification of mixture .

ii) Calculate Rf value for both the components if X = 1.5 cm, Y = 3.2 cm, Z =
5.3 cm
iii)Which component has a greater degree of adsorption.

24
 QUESTION PAPER-XI SET-6
SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION(2024-25)
CHEMISTRY THEORY (043)
MM:70 Time: 3 Hrs
Read the following instructions carefully.
⮚ There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
⮚ SECTION A consists of 16 multiple choice questions carrying 1 Mark each.
⮚ SECTION B consists of 5 very short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
⮚ SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
⮚ SECTION D consists of 2 case based questions carrying 4 marks each.
⮚ SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
⮚ All questions are compulsory.
⮚ Use of log tables and calculators is not allowed.

SECTION A(CBQ-16 Marks)

The following questions are multiple-choice questions with one correct answer. Each
question carries 1 mark .There is no internal choice in this section.
1. Which of the following parameters is temperature independent?
A- Molarity B. Strength. C. Normality D.
Molality
2. Which quantum number was not obtained from the solutions of Schrödinger wave
equation?
A .Principal quantum number. B . Azimuthal Quantum number.
C. Magnetic Quantum Number. D .Spin Quantum Number.
3. In photoelectric effect, the velocity of photoelectrons increases linearly with the
A. Wavelength of incident light B. Frequency of incident light
C. Velocity of incident light D. Atomic mass of an element
4. CH4 is a Tetrahedral molecule whereas NH3 is pyramidal because:
A. nitrogen atom is smaller than boron atom
B. CH4 has no lone pair of electrons whereas NH3 has a lone pair of electrons
C. N-Hbond is more covalent than C-H bond
D. C-H bond is more polar than N-H bond
5. For the following reaction, N2(g)+O2(g)⇌2NO(g)at 300K,
The effect on the state of equilibrium on doubling the volume of the system will be:
A.Shift to the reactant side B. Shift to the product side
C. No effect on the state of equilibrium D. Liquefaction of HI
6. When a buffer solution of C6 H5COOH and C6 H5COONa is diluted with water:
A.C6 H5 COO- ion concentration increases B. [H+] ion concentration increases
C. OH- ion concentration increases D. H+ion concentration does not change
7. Which one of the following groups represent a collection of isoelectronic species? (At.
no. H=1, He= 2 Ne=3 Na=11 Be=4 N=7 ,O=8 F=9)
(A) N 3–, F–, Na+ (B) Be2+, He, H– (C) Both A and B ( D) Na+, Li+, Be2+
8. Which of the following has the Smallest size
(A) N–3 (B) O–2 (C) Na+ (D) Li+

25
9. Which of the following is an intensive property
A) Density B) Boiling Point C) Freezing Point D) All of these
10. Standard electrode potential of three metals A, B and Care -1.0V,+1.5V and -3.0V
respectively. The reducing power of these metals will be
(A) C>A>B (B) B>A>C (C) A>B>C (D) C>B>A
11. The reactants used in Friedel-Craft`s acylation are-
A.C6H6+NH2 B. C6H6+CH4 C. C6H6+CH3Cl D.
C6H6+CH3COCl
12. The reaction of CH3-Cl with Na metal in presence of dry ether gives ethane , the reaction
is called as:
A. Wurtz Reaction B. Decarboxylation traction
C. Kolbe’s Electrolysis Reaction D. Friedel-crafts reaction
The questions given below consist of an 'Assertion' (A) and the 'Reason' (R). Use the
following keys for the appropriate answer:
A. If both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct reason for (A).
B. If both (A) and (R) are correct but (R) is not the correct explanation for (A).
C. If (A) is correct but (R) is incorrect.
D. If (A) is incorrect but (R) is correct.
13. Assertion (A) :In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, all alpha-particles are deflected
back.
Reason (R): Nucleus present inside the atom is extremely small as compared the size of atom
.
14. Assertion (A): Decomposition of 100 g of Calcium carbonate(CaCO3) gives gives 22.4
L of CO2 gas.
Reason (R): In the Decomposition of CaCO3, CO2 is only the products.
15. Assertion A: Electron gain enthalpy of F is more than that of Chlorine .
Reason R: Size of Florine is small so incoming electron does not experience much attraction
as compared to that of chlorine.
16. Assertion (A) : Chlorination of benzene with Cl2 requires the use of Anhydrous AlCl3.
Reason (R) : The anhydrous AlCl3 is a Lewis acid and provide help in the formation of
electrophile i.e Cl+.
SECTION B
17. What is Planck's quantum theory?
18. Define the following terms: i. Mole fraction ii. Limitng reagent
19. What is mean by bond order? Calculate the bond order of N2 molecule
OR
Give appropriate reasons for the following:
(CBQ)
i-He2 Molecule does not exist.
ii- N2 is diamagnetic while O2 is paramagnetic according to Molecular orbital theory.

20. Define entropy. Predict whether entropy change in the following processes would be
positive or negative.

26
 i. Egg(unboiled) → Egg(boiled)
CBQ
ii. H2O(s)at -5oC → H2O(l)at 50o
CBQ
21. Draw the cis- and trans-structures for but-2-ene. Which isomer will have higher melting
point and why?
SECTION-C
22.What do mean by molarity? Calculate the molarity of NaOH in the solution prepared by
dissolving its 4 g in enough water to form 250 mL of the solution.
23.Explain the following with proper reasons:
CBQ
(i). Halogens have very high elecronegativity.
(ii). Na+ ion is smaller than Ne although both have the same electronic configuration.
(iii). K,Rb and Cs metals are used in photoelectric cell.
24.At 473 K, equilibrium Kc for decomposition of PCI5, is 8.3X10-3, If decomposition is
depicted as PCI5, (g ↔PCI3, (g) + Cl2, (g); ΔrH° = 124.0 kJ/mol
(a) Write an expression for Kc for the reaction.
(b) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
(c) What would be the effect on Kc if:
(i) More PCl5, is added (ii) Pressure is increased
OR
(a) Explain the following terms:
(i) Buffer solution, (ii) Common ion effect (iii) Define Le Chatelier's principle
25.Balance the following redox reactions by ion – electron method :
MnO4-(aq) + SO32- (g) → Mn2+(aq) + SO4 2-(aq) (in acidic solution)
26.(a) Arrange the following in increasing order of -I effect. –NO2-, COOH, -F, -CN, – I.
CBQ
(b) What are the conditions for the formation of free radicals?
(c) HCOOH is stronger acid than CH3COOH. Explain why?
CBQ
OR
0.65g of an organic chloro compound gave 0.9 g of silver chloride in carius estimation.
Calculate the percentage of chlorine present in the compound.
27.(a) Draw the structure of the following compounds
i. But-2-en-1-al
(b) Write the IUPAC name of:
i-H2N-CH2- COOH ii- CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CHO
28.At 473 K, for decomposition of nitrogen penta oxide, N2O5 (g). If decomposition is
depicted as, 2N2O5(g)→ 4NO2(g) + O2 (g) Equilibrium concentrations,[N2O5]= 0.8 ,[NO2]=
0.5 and [O2]= 1.8 mols per liter respectively
(i) Write an expression for Kc for the reaction. And calculate Kc for this reaction.
(ii) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
(iii) What would be the effect on Kc if moreN2O5(g) is added .
SECTION D(CBQ 8 Marks)

27
 Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:
29.Fajans’ rule in inorganic chemistry, formulated by Kazimierz Fajan in 1923, is used to
predict whether a chemical bond will be covalent or ionic. This depends on the charge and
the size of the cations and anions. In the following table, they can be summarized:

Ionic Covalent

Low positive
High positive charge
charge

Large cation Small cation

Small anion Large anion

Fajan’s rule is based on 3 main factors or postulates which are the size of ion, electronic
configuration, and the charge of cation. The details of these 3 factors or postulates are given
below:

1. Size of the ion: Greater covalent character of the ionic bond is facilitated by the
smaller size of the cation and the larger size of the anion.
2. The charge of cation: the covalent character of an ionic bond increases as the charge
of the cation increases.
3. Electronic configuration: if the two cations have the same charge and size, then in
that case those cations that have electronic configuration of (n-1)dn nso, are known to
possess a greater covalent character than the cations which have an electronic
configuration of ns2 np6, which is a common electronic configuration found in alkali
metals and alkali earth metals.
(I) Considering NaF,NaCl, NaBr, and NaI, which one is most covalent?
(II) In which of the Cation, there is maximum polarization power?
A. Ca2+ B. K+ C. Cu+ D. all have same polarization power
(III) KI is soluble in water as well as in acetone?
OR
(III) Out of sigma and pi bonds, which one is stronger and why?

Read the passage and answer the questions that follow:

30. Orbitals are regions or spaces where there is a maximum probability of finding electrons.
Qualitatively, these orbitals can be distinguished by their size, shape, and orientation. An
orbital of small size means there is more chance of finding the electron near the nucleus.
Shape and orientation mean the direction in which the probability of finding the electron is
maximum. Atomic orbitals can be distinguished by quantum numbers. Each orbital is
designated by three quantum numbers n, l, and ml (magnetic quantum number) which define
energy, shape, and orientation but these are not sufficient to explain spectra of multi-electrons
atoms. Spin quantum number (ms ) determines the spin of electrons. Spin angular momentum
of the electron has two orientations relative to the chosen axis which are distinguished by
spin quantum numbers ms which can take values +1/2 and –1/2.
i.How many orbitals are associated with n = 3?
(a) 3 (b)9 (c ) 5 (d) 10
ii.Describe the orbitals represented by (i) n = 2, l = 1 (ii) n = 4, l = 0.
(a). (i) 2p (ii) 4s (b) (i) 3p , (ii)3s (c) (b) (i) 3d , (ii)3p (d) (b) (i) 4f , (ii)3s
OR

28
 What is the shape of ‘s’ and ‘p’ orbitals?
(a) ‘s’ orbitals are spherical and ‘p’ orbitals have dumb-bell shaped.
(b) ) ‘s’ orbitals are dumbbell shape and ‘p’ orbitals have spherical shaped
(c) Both a and b are correct (d) Both a and b are wrong
iii-The size of the atom is given by:
(a) Spin quantum number (b) Azimuthal quantum number
(c) Principal quantum number (d) Magnetic quantum number
iv.Which of the following sets of quantum numbers represents the lowest energy of atom?
(a) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2 (b) n = 3, l = 1, m = 1, s = + 1/2
(c) n = 3, l = 2, m = 1, s = + 1/2 (d) n = 3, l = 0, m = 0, s = + 1/2

SECTION –E
31. i-What is second law of thermodynamics?
ii-For an isolated system ∆U = 0 ; what will be ∆S ?
iii-Given that ΔH = 0 for mixing of two gases. Explain whether the diffusion of these
gases into each other in a closed container is a spontaneous process or not?
OR
i-For the reaction ; 2Cl (g) → Cl2(g) ; what will be the signs of ∆H and ∆S ?
ii-Write third law of thermodynamics
iii-For a reaction at 298 K
2A+B→C
∆H = 400 kJ mol-1 and ∆S = 0.2 kJ K’1 mol-1.
At what temperature will the reaction become spontaneous considering ∆H and ∆S to be
constant over the temperature range ?
32.(i). Explain the terms Resonace and Electromeric effects.
(ii) Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity
of the carboxylic acids? Cl3CCOOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH.
(iii) Explain why alkyl groups act as electron donors when attached to a π system.
(iv) Give condensed and bond line structural formula of 2-Hydroxy-1,2,3 propane tri
carboxylic acid
OR
a) What are electrophiles? Give an example.
b) Explain the principle of paper chromatography
c) Write the chemistry of Lassaigne’s test for qualitative analysis of nitrogen
33. Answer any five from the following questions.
i-Explain peroxide effect with the help of example.
ii- Boiling point of alkane decrease on increasing branching.
iii- What happens when the vapours of Phenol are passed over heated zinc dust(Write only
the chemical reaction)
iv-Ethyne react with soda-amide while but-2-yne does not.
v-But-2-ene is more stable than but -1- ene.
vi- What happens when propyne is treated with water in the presence of HgSO4& H2
SO4(Write only the chemical reaction).
vii-Write chemical reaction for the nitration of benzene.
SAMPLE PAPER SET-7

29
 SESSION ENDING EXAMINATION, DEHRADUN REGION 2024-25
CLASS-XI
SUBJECT-CHEMISTRY
Time: 3 hrs
MM: 70

Q.No General Instructions: Mks

. Read the following instructions carefully.
(a) There are 33 questions in this question paper with internal choice.
(b) SECTION A consists of 16 multiple -choice questions carrying 1 mark each.
(c) SECTION B consists of 5 short answer questions carrying 2 marks each.
(d) SECTION C consists of 7 short answer questions carrying 3 marks each.
(e) SECTION D consists of 2 case - based questions carrying 4 marks each.
(f) SECTION E consists of 3 long answer questions carrying 5 marks each.
SECTION A
The following questions are multiple -choice questions with one correct
answer. Each question carries 1 mark. There is no internal choice in this
section.
1. The number of water molecules is maximum in: 1
(a) 18 g water (b) 18 moles of water (c)18
molecules of water (d) 1.8g water
2. The spectral line in hydrogen spectrum obtained when the electron jumps from 1
n=5 to n=2 energy level belongs to:
(a) Lyman series (b) Balmer series (c) Paschen series (d) Pfund
series
3. Which of the following is iso-electronic with neon – 1
(a) O2– (b) F+ (c) Mg (d) Na
4. Which of the following molecules does not contain a lone pair of electrons? 1
(a) NH3 (b) PF5 (c) H2O (d) SF4
5. For the process to occur under adiabatic conditions, the correct condition is: 1
(a) ∆T=0 (b) ∆p=0 (c) q=0 (d) w=0
6. In an isothermal expansion of an ideal gas against vacuum, the work involved 1
is:
(a) Zero (b) maximum (c)minimum (d) none of these
7. The oxidation number of Cr in K2Cr2O7 is 1
(a) +6 (b) +3 (c) -6 (d) -3
8. Homolytic fission of a covalent bond leads to the formation of 1
(a)Electrophile (b) nucleophile (c) free radical (d) carbocation
9. The number of sigma and pi bonds present in benzene are respectively 1
(a)12,3 (b) 6,6 (c) 15,3 (d) 12,6
10. The best and latest technique for isolation, purification and separation of organic 1
compound is
(a) Sublimation (b) distillation (c) chromatography (d)
crystallisation
11. The electrons occupying the same orbital are distinguished by 1

30
 (a) Azimuthal quantum number
(b) Magnetic quantum number
(c) Principal quantum number
(d) Spin quantum number
12. The I.U.P.A.C. name of CH3COCH(CH3)2 is 1
(a) 3–methyl–butan-2-one
(b) Isopropyl methyl ketone
(c) 2–methyl–butan-3-one
(d) 4–methyl isopropyl ketone

13. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Assertion: Standard enthalpy of graphite is lower than that of diamond.
Reason: Standard enthalpy of elements is taken to be zero arbitrarily.
Select the most appropriate answer from the option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
14. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Assertion: Combustion of 16g methane gives 18 g of water.
Reason: In the combustion of methane, water is one of the products.
Select the most appropriate answer from the option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
15. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Assertion : Among carbocations, teritiary carbocation is most stable.
Reason : There are more number of hyperconjugative structures for tertiary
carbocation.
Select the most appropriate answer from the option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
16. Given below are two statements labelled as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). 1
Assertion: The boiling point of cis-But-2-ene is higher than that of trans-But-2-
ene.
Reason: cis-But-2-ene is non-polar whereas trans-But-2-ene is polar.
Select the most appropriate answer from the option given below
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(b)Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.

31
 SECTION B
This section contains 5 questions with internal choice in one question. The
following questions are very short answer type and carry 2 marks each.
17. Calculate the molality of a solution containing 20.7 g of potassium carbonate 2
dissolved in 500 mL of solution. (assume density of solution =1g/mL)
18. Calculate the total number of angular nodes and radial nodes present in 3p 2
orbital.
19. Explain why the electron gain enthalpy of fluorine is less negative than that of 2
chlorine.
20. Enthalpy of combustion of carbon to CO2 is -393.5 k J mol-. Calculate the heat 2
released upon formation of 35.2 g of CO2 from carbon and dioxygen gas.
Or
Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of glucose from the following data:
C (graphite) + O2 (g)  CO2 (g) ∆rH0 = -395 kJ
H2 (g) + ½ O2 (g)  H2O (l) ∆rH0 = -269.4 kJ
6C (graphite) + 6H2 (g) + 3O2 (g)  C6H12O6 (s) ∆rH0 = -1169.9 kJ

21. Write the corresponding conjugate acid and base of the species: HCO3- and H2O 2
SECTION C
This section contains 7 questions with internal choice in one question. The
following questions are short answer type and carry 3 marks each.
22. (i) Differentiate between empirical and molecular formula. 1+2
(ii) The molecular mass of an organic compound is 78 and its percentage
composition is 92.4 % C and 7.6 % H. Determine the molecular formula of the
compound.
23. Among the elements B, Al, C and Si 1+1+1
(i) Which has the highest first ionization enthalpy?
(ii) Which has the largest atomic radius?
(iii) Which has the most metallic character?
24. (a) Write the electronic configurations of O2, O2+, O2− (superoxide), O22− 2+1
(peroxide)
(b) Compare the relative stability of the above species.
25. (i) Although both CO2 and H2O are triatomic molecules, the shape of H2O 2+1
molecule is bent while that of CO 2 is linear. Explain this, on the basis of dipole
moment.
(ii) Which hybrid orbitals are used by carbon atoms in CH3–CH=CH2?
26. Balance the following ionic equation by ion electron method: 3
MnO4- (aq) +SO2 (g)  Mn2+ (aq) + HSO4- (aq) (in acidic medium)
27. In the estimation of sulphur by Carius method, 0.200 g of an organic sulphur 3
compound afforded 0.466 g of barium sulphate. Calculate the percentage of
sulphur in the given compound. (Molar mass of BaSO4 is 233 g/mol.).
28. Addition of HBr to propene yields 2-bromoprapane, while in the presence of 3
benzoyl peroxide, the same reaction yields 1-bromopropane. Explain and give
mechanism.
Or
Explain the following name reactions:

32
 (i) Wurtz reaction , ii) Decarboxylation, (iii) Catalytic hydrogenation 1
1
1
SECTION D
The following questions are case -based questions. Each question has an
internal choice and carries 4 (1+1+2) marks each. Read the passage
carefully and answer the questions that follow.
29. Read the following passage and answer the questions
Every system is associated with a definite amount of energy, called the
internal energy (U or E) of the system. It is the sum of chemical, electrical,
mechanical or any other form of energy that anyone can may think of.
However gravitational energy is generally neglected. It is a state function, i.
e. independent of the path followed. lt may change when
i) heat flows in or out of the system.
ii) work is done on or by the system.
Iii) matter enters or leaves the system
It is an extensive property i.e. depends upon the mass of a substance. It
depends only on temperature. The absolute value of internal energy
possessed by a substance cannot be calculated because it is not possible to
predict the exact values of different forms of energy. Thus, we can just
calculate the change in internal energy which is achieved by changing the
state of a system.
When a system undergoes isothermal ∆U = zero i.e. there is no increase or
decrease in the internal energy of the system then the first law of
thermodynamics reduce to 0=q + w or q = -w.
1
(i) Neither q not w is a state function but q + w is a state function explain 1
why?
ii) Out of mass and density which is an intensive property and why? 2
iii) Explain thermodynamically how is the heat absorbed by system is used in
doing work at constant temperature and pressure.
OR 2
What is the change in the energy of system if 500 Cal of heat energy are
added to a system and system does 350 cal of work on the surroundings?

30. A large number of methods are available for the purification of substances. The
choice of method, however, depends upon the nature of substance (whether
solid or liquid). It also depends on the type of impurities present in it. We
commonly use these methods for purification of substances: Simple
crystallisation, Fractional crystallisation, Sublimation, Simple distillation,
Fractional distillation, Distillation under reduced pressure, Steam distillation,
Chromatography.
(i) Explain, why an organic liquid vaporises at a temperature below its 1
boiling point in its steam distillation.
(ii) Which method is used to separate mixture of ammonium chloride and 1
sodium chloride ?
(iii) State the principle of fractional distillation. 2

33
 Or
Explain the principle of paper chromatography.

SECTION E
The following questions are long answer type and carry 5 marks each. All
questions have an internal choice.
31. (a) Define Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. 1
(b) A microscope using suitable photons is employed to locate an electron in an
atom within a distance of 0.1 A0. What is the uncertainty involved in the
measurement of its velocity? 2
© Find energy of each of photons which:
(i) Correspond to light of frequency 3 X 1015 Hz. 2
(ii) Have wavelength of 0.50 A0.
Or
(a)When a photon of frequency 1.0×1015 s–1 was allowed to hit a metal surface,
an electron having 1.988 × 10–19 J of kinetic energy was emitted. Calculate 3
the threshold frequency of this metal. Show that an electron will not be
emitted if a photon with a wavelength equal to 600 nm hits the metal surface.
(b)Write electronic configuration of Cr and Cu+ 2

32. At 473 K, equilibrium Kc for decomposition of PCl5 is 8.3 X 10 -3. If decomposition is

depicted as
PCl5 (g) ↔ PCl3 (g) + Cl2 (g) ∆rH0 = 124.0 kJ/mol
(a) Write an expression for Kc for the reaction. 1
(b) What is the value of Kc for the reverse reaction at the same temperature?
1
(c) What would be the effect on Kc if
(i) More PCl5 is added
(ii) Pressure is increased 1
(iii) The temperature is increased. 1
Or 1
(a) Explain the following terms:
Buffer solution, Common ion effect 2
(b) Define Le Chatelier’s principle 1
(c) Describe the effect of:
(i) Addition of H2 ½
(ii) Addition of CH3OH ½
(iii) Removal of CO
½
(iv) Removal of CH3OH
On the equilibrium of the reaction:
½
2H2 (g) +CO (g) ↔ CH3OH (g)
33. (a) Arrange benzene, n-hexane and ethyne in decreasing order of acidic 1
behaviour.
(b) What are the necessary conditions for any system to be aromatic? 2
(c) An alkene ‘A’ on ozonolysis gives a mixture of ethanal and pentan-3-one.
Write structure and IUPAC name of ‘A’. 2
Or
(a) What effect does branching of alkane chain has on its boiling point?
(b) How would you convert the following compounds into benzene?
(i) Ethyne (ii) Hexane 1
© Draw the cis and trans structures of hex-2-ene. Which isomer will have 1+1

34
higher b.p. and why?
1+1/2
+1/2

35