CHAPTER ONE

1.1Introduction to SWEP

The need for university engineering graduates that are well equipped with
requisite expertise and knowledge to put to use the skills of the engineering
profession and proficient in the use of tools (both hand and machine) of trade
cannot be overemphasized. There must be engineering graduates who have
gone through engineering training right from the lecture rooms, workshops,
laboratories, and industry itself. An engineer who has imbibed the necessary
quest and prowess for entrepreneurship in the setting up of small-scale
industrial and engineering enterprises will accelerate the pace of industrial
development.

Student Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is an intensive engineering

training programme designed to equip engineering students with the basic
practical knowledge and orientation needed to produce self-dependent and
skillful engineers.
Student Work Experience Programme (SWEP) is designed to expose students
to fundamental engineering skills in the use of simple hand tools, equipment,
and operation of common machines. The programme is designed to be
hands-on intensive and therefore serves as a channel to integrate in-house
entrepreneurship development skills.

Although, Student Work Experience Programme (SWEP) was designed not

only to expose the students to skills acquisition but also to inculcate in them
the development of the right team spirit as well as expose them to
rudimentary expectations for the world of work. It is carried out within the
school.

Students are mandated to participate in all the activities of the SWEP

programme: Orientations lectures, practical activities, log booking, report
writing, etc. For SWEP, at least 80% attendance is required. It is therefore
mandatory for all students offering relevant courses in Nigerian higher
institutions to undergo the SWEP programme at their assigned period (level)
and through the stipulated duration.
1.2 Aim and Objectives of the programme

Objectives:

• Apply theoretical knowledge: Put your classroom learning into practice

in real- world Engineering projects

• Develop technical skills: Enhance your proficiency in electrical

engineering software, hardware, and techniques.

• Build your resume: Acquire practical experience that will make you a
strong candidate for future jobs.

• Exposing the student to all aspect of engineering practice;

• Developing the students’ innovative and creative abilities and skills

relevant to their Programme;

• Engaging the students in manual labor so that they can appreciate the
dignity of labor and also make them engineers and professionals of
excellence in the future;
 • Developing in the student a logical mode of thinking and reasoning
that promotes a practical application of acquired theoretical,
knowledge in overcoming technical and professional challenges; and

• Training the students on how to acknowledge and appreciate the

numerous professional challenges of their immediate environment and
the society at large and offer solutions, which their knowledge
empowerment avails them.

1.3 Code of Conduct While on SWEP Site

● Promptly report on the expected starting date for the Programme.

● Report for duty daily and punctuality must be observed.

● Full observance of the rule and regulations of the department to which

attended.

● Politeness in relationship with supervisors, other workers including

mates is essential

● Although the attachment is for a brief period, students should show

attitude and right disposition to work.

● Should not linger or keep aloof when expected to work.

● Should avoid any alliance with regular workers or other students to

protest in any issue against the administration of the establishment.
SWEP is a vital aspect and requirement for the award of B. Eng. Degree of
the DELTA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, OZORO.
Hence, the programme must be taken seriously.

1.4 Duration of the Programme

The Programme takes place after the second semester of each session
during the long vacation period as required by the Council for
Regulation of Engineers in Nigeria (COREN) and the National Universities
Commission (NUC). SWEP is expected to be a year experience Programme.
For this to be achieved, the Programme was categorized into three at
different levels in the Nigeria Universities which are:

● SWEP 1 for students in their second year of study which lasts for a
period of 8 weeks;

● SWEP 2 for students in their third year of study which lasts for a period
of 12 weeks;
● Industrial Training (IT) also known as Student Industrial Work
Experience Scheme (SIWES) which lasts for a period of 6 months;

Everything sum up to give an experience of 11 months which is assumed to

be a year experience.

1.5 Orientation

The 200/300 level Students of the Faculty of Engineering of DSUST

commenced their 2024 Students Work Experience Programme (SWEP) with a
charge to redouble their efforts in achieving professional excellence.

The Programme, whichh kicked off with briefing by stakeholders of the

Faculty on MONDAY, 26th OCTOBER, 2024, was declared open by the SWEP
Coordinator, at the SCHOOL AUDITORIUM The brief, which aimed at
enlightening the students on the importance of SWEP to their professions,
the pros and cons involved in the Programme, steps to take in achieving
distinctions in the Programme, among others, was attended by experts on
SWEP from the Faculty.

The SWEP Coordinator said that the scheme would also expose us to real-life
work experience and put us into practice. He also advises us to take all
safety precautions in the laboratory serious to avoid any form of accident.

The coordinator also said that the lack of seriousness on the part of any
student might lead to repeating the Programme the following year.
1.4 Order Of Projects

The Order of projects and the visitation to each laboratory and workshop was
stated by the SWEP coordinator,

1.6 Expectations:

• Professionalism: Adhere to school policies, dress code, and work ethics.

• Active participation: Be proactive and take initiative in your tasks.

• Learning: Utilize this opportunity to learn new skills and expand your
knowledge.

• Feedback: Be open to feedback and willing to improve.

1.7 Key Points to Remember:

• Safety: Prioritize safety and follow all safety guidelines.

 • Confidentiality: Maintain confidentiality of sensitive information.

• Communication: Keep your mentor and SWEP coordinator informed of

your progress.

• Evaluation: Your performance will be evaluated at the end of your

placement.

CHAPTER TWO:

Apparatus and Materials, Procedures, and Precautions

Apparatus and Materials Used In

▎Rewinding of Electromechanical Device Coil

1. Coil Winding Work bench: For precise and consistent winding of wire
around the core.

2. Insulated Copper Wire: Chosen based on the specifications of the

original coil.

3. Soldering Equipment: For connecting wire ends securely.

4. Multimeter: To measure resistance and continuity of the coil.

5. Spatula: for insertion of the rewound Coil into the core

6. Varnish: Varnish insulates, protects and makes the coil winding rigid
which extends the lifespan of the electrical devices by protecting the
winding and wiring from environmental factors.

7. DISSOLVER: This removes varnish from old coil to make disassembly

easier.
 8. INSULATION PAPER: Insulation paper in coil winding separates
conducting bodies, preventing the transfer of electricity, heat, or
sound.

9. Protective Gear: Gloves and goggles for safety during rewinding.

▎Design and Implementation of Smart Home Using Embedded Systems

(ESP32)

1. Microcontroller:

• ESP32: A versatile microcontroller with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth capabilities.

2. Actuators:

• Smart Relays: To control appliances.

3. Communication Modules: Integrated Wi-Fi for connectivity.

4. Mobile Application/Interface: Developed using platform called Blynk for

user interaction.

5. Power Supply: A.C Power Supply pack for powering devices.

6. Breadboard and Jumper Wires: For prototyping connections.

 7. Soldering Equipment: For connecting wire ends securely.

8. components: Transistors , resistors, etc.

▎Procedures of Operation

▎Rewinding of Electromechanical Device Coil

 Disassembly: Carefully remove the old coil from the device, noting
connections and specifications.

 Preparation: Cut the new insulated copper wire to the required length
based on the original coil’s specifications.

 Replace the insulation paper lining the stator : First, pull out the old
paper out of the slots in the stator using a pair of pliers or tweezers
and make sure the empty slots are free of debris. Then, measure the
width of the slots and cut a sheet of insulation paper into strips of the
same width. Fold the strips gently and slip them into the slots in the
stator individually by hand

 Winding Process: Using the coil winding workbench, wind the wire
around the core evenly, ensuring no overlaps or gaps.NOTE: Rewind
the armature or stator using the same gauge of wire. It’s important
that the wire in the new coils be the same thickness and have the
same number of winds as the original windings. Otherwise, it may be a
poor fit or cause conductivity issues.

 Recreate the original winding pattern for each set of coils. The exact
configuration you use will depend on the specific type of motor you’re
repairing. To ensure optimal performance, take great care to make
each coil tight, precise, and compact, without any unnecessary
crimping or spacing.

 Secure completed windings using the material given around the stator.
Every time you finish a section, sew the material down over the coils.
This will help hold them in place while you work and ensure a proper
connection once the motor is operational.
  Connections: Solder the wire ends to the appropriate terminals,
ensuring secure connections.

 Testing: Use a multimeter to check for continuity and resistance,

ensuring proper functionality.

 Reassemble the motor. Once you’ve successfully rewound your motor,

reinsert the armature into the stator and fit both pieces back into the
motor housing. Replace the end-plates on either side of the unit and
tighten the screws until they’re secure. If you’ve done everything
properly, your motor should function properly now.

Precautions

 I used a multimeter to test coil resistance before closing the motor.

 I ensured connections were tightly fastened to prevent loose

connections.

 I avoided overlapping windings for a uniform coil structure.

 I wound wires with care to prevent strain or breakage.

 I identified winding terminals to simplify reconnections.

 I tested insulation quality to check for weak spots.

 I kept tools organized to minimize dust or debris around the motor.

  I followed correct tightening procedures for all assembly bolts.

▎Smart Home Using Embedded Systems (ESP32)

 System Design: Plan the architecture detailing component interactions.

 Component Selection: Choose compatible sensors, actuators, and

modules for the ESP32.

 Circuit Assembly: Connect components on a breadboard according to a

schematic diagram.

 Programming the ESP32: Use Arduino IDE to program functionalities for

sensors and actuators.
 Mobile Application Development: Create a user interface for remote
control and monitoring.

 Testing and Calibration: Conduct tests on individual components

followed by integration testing.

Precautions
  I ensured correct polarity when connecting power sources to
prevent damage to the microcontroller and sensors.

  I used relays with isolation to protect the microcontroller from

mains voltage spikes.

  I avoided exposing the board to moisture.

  I tested with low voltage first to minimize risk and prevent

damage to the components.
▎Chapter Three: Overview of Works Carried Out
The project involved two distinct yet related tasks: rewinding an
electromechanical device coil and designing a smart home system using the
ESP32 microcontroller.

This report provides an overview of the works carried out in a project

involving two distinct tasks: rewinding an electromechanical device coil and
designing a smart home system using the ESP32 microcontroller.

PROJECT 1: Rewinding an Electromechanical Device Coil

The rewinding process of the electromechanical device coil began with the
inspection and unwinding of the old coil.

Different brands of Electromechanical devices were used of which some will

be outlined below;

Rewinding of a DAB 1HP Pumping Machine

The project aimed to restore the motor’s functionality by rewinding the
damaged coils. This provided practical exposure to motor components and
winding techniques.

The DAB 1hp pumping machine is commonly used for water pumping in
residential and industrial settings. The motor is the most critical part of the
machine, and any malfunction in the windings can lead to significant power
loss or complete failure. The practical involved diagnosing the fault,
dismantling the motor, rewinding it, and testing the newly wound motor for
functionality. This process helped us understand how the electromagnetic
coils within the stator interact to produce a rotating magnetic field, driving
the rotor.

3.2 Rewinding of an Atlas 0.5HP Pumping Machine

Similar to the previous project, this practical focused on rewinding the coils
of a different motor model, offering insight into the specifics of smaller motor
rewinding.

This project mirrored the previous one but involved working with an ATLAS
0.5hp pump. The objective was to explore the rewinding of a smaller motor
and observe the specific techniques needed for this model. As with larger
pumps, the ATLAS 0.5hp motor is essential in its applications, though it
requires more precision in rewinding due to space constraints. We diagnosed
a winding fault that affected the motor’s performance and addressed it,
gaining practical knowledge on the variations in motor rewinding between
different sizes and designs.
3.3 Rewinding of a 26-Inch Industrial Standing Fan

This practical involved the rewinding of a fan motor. It highlighted the

challenges of working with larger motors, including managing increased
winding and insulation needs.

For the third practical, we tackled the rewinding of a motor from a 26-inch
industrial standing fan, which presented additional challenges because of the
larger motor size and the demands of prolonged operation. Industrial fans,
built for endurance, can suffer from overheating, which was the cause of the
winding failure in this motor. This task gave us hands-on experience in
handling larger motors, requiring more extensive winding and careful
insulation to ensure durability.

PROJECT 2: Designing a Smart Home System using the ESP32 Microcontroller

The second task of the project involved designing a smart home system
using the ESP32 microcontroller. This versatile microcontroller offers

The following features that made it an ideal choice for the smart home
system design:

• Low power consumption: The ESP32’s low power consumption makes it

ideal for use in smart home systems that need to run for long periods
of time without consuming too much energy.

• Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connectivity: The ESP32’s Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

connectivity allows it to easily communicate with other devices in the
smart home system, such as smartphones, tablets, and other home
automation devices.

• Versatility: The ESP32 is highly versatile, capable of handling a wide

range of tasks such as controlling lights, security systems, and
temperature controls. This versatility makes it a good choice for
designing a comprehensive smart home system.
To design the smart home system using the ESP32 microcontroller, the team
first developed a detailed plan that outlined the functionality of each
component.

The team then began writing the software that would control the various
components of the smart home system. This involved programming the
ESP32 microcontroller to communicate with other devices in the system and
to respond to various triggers, such as motion sensors or remote commands.

Once the software was complete, the team began assembling the physical
components of the smart home system, including the ESP32 microcontroller,
sensors, actuators, and other devices.

Finally, the smart home system was tested to ensure that it was functioning
correctly and that all the components were communicating properly. The
system was then installed in the home and used to automate various tasks
such as controlling lights, security systems, and temperature controls.

In conclusion, this project involved the rewinding of an electromechanical

device coil and the design of a smart home system using the ESP32
microcontroller.

The team was able to successfully complete both tasks and the smart home
system was installed and used in the home. The ESP32 microcontroller
proved to be a versatile and reliable choice for designing the smart home
system, and the rewinding of the electromechanical device coil was a
complex but ultimately successful process.

The successful completion of this project highlights the importance of careful

planning, thorough testing, and attention to detail in the design of
electromechanical devices and smart home systems. The combination of the
rewinding of an electromechanical device coil and the design of a smart
home system using the ESP32 microcontroller provided a unique and
challenging learning experience for the team involved in the project.

The lessons learned from this project can be applied to future projects
involving similar technologies and devices. The versatility of the ESP32
microcontroller makes it a valuable tool for designing and prototyping a wide
range of smart home systems and devices, while the experience gained from
rewinding an electromechanical device coil can be applied to other
electromechanical devices.

Overall, this project demonstrates the potential of combining different

technologies and approaches to create innovative solutions for real-world
problems. The successful completion of this project highlights the importance
of interdisciplinary collaboration and the value of hands-on learning
experiences.
In terms of future work, the team involved in this project plans to continue
exploring the potential of the ESP32 microcontroller for designing smart
home systems and other IoT devices. The team is also interested in
investigating other applications of electromechanical devices and rewinding
techniques.

The team believes that the lessons learned from this project can be applied
to other projects and can help to advance the field of smart home systems
and electromechanical devices.

In conclusion, this report provides an overview of the works carried out in a

project involving two distinct yet related tasks: rewinding an
electromechanical device coil and designing a smart home system using the
ESP32 microcontroller. The successful completion of this project
demonstrates the potential of combining different technologies and
approaches to create innovative solutions for real-world problems.
▎Chapter Four: Results and Discussions

▎Rewinding of Electromechanical Device Coil

The rewound coil successfully restored functionality to the electromechanical

device. Testing revealed that resistance values matched expected
specifications, confirming effective rewinding. The process highlighted the
importance of precision in winding techniques and accurate soldering to
ensure reliable performance.
The results for each of the brand of devices worked on is listed below;

Rewinding of a DAB 1HP Pumping Machine

Results: The motor functioned effectively, with stable torque and no

overheating. Discussion: Emphasis was placed on the precision of winding
and insulation to prevent short circuits.

4.2 Rewinding of an Atlas 0.5HP Pumping Machine

Results: The motor operated efficiently, with consistent current usage and no
unusual sounds.

Discussion: The compact design required precise rewinding to maintain

efficiency.

4.3 Rewinding of a 26-Inch Industrial Standing Fan

Results: The fan motor resumed normal operation, resolving previous

overheating issues.

Discussion: The project underscored the importance of wire gauge and

insulation for motors used in long-duration applications.
▎Smart Home Using Embedded Systems (ESP32)

The smart home system demonstrated successful integration of various

components, providing features such as automated temperature control,
motion detection alerts, and ambient lighting adjustments based on LDR
readings. User feedback indicated satisfaction with the mobile application’s
interface and overall system responsiveness.

Discussions emphasized the challenges encountered during integration, such

as network connectivity issues affecting real-time performance. However,
these were mitigated through careful programming and testing.
▎Chapter Five: Conclusions and Recommendations

In conclusion, both projects achieved their objectives successfully. The

rewinding of the electromechanical device coil restored its operational
capabilities, while the smart home system enhanced living convenience
through automation.

▎Recommendations

1. Future Enhancements for Coil Rewinding:

• Explore advanced materials for insulation and wire to improve efficiency

and durability.
 • Implement automated testing systems for quicker verification of coil
integrity.

2. Smart Home System Improvements:

• Consider integrating additional sensors for enhanced environmental

monitoring (e.g., gas or smoke detectors).

• Strengthen security protocols within the mobile application to safeguard

user data further.

• Explore cloud integration for better data management and remote access
capabilities.
▎References

1. Kaur, R., Singh, J. (2020). *Embedded Systems Design*. New Delhi:

Tech Publications.

2. Patel, H., Verma, S. (2019). *Smart Home Automation Using IoT*.

International Journal of Computer Applications.

3. Kumar, A., Gupta, R. (2021). *IoT-Based Smart Home Systems*. Journal

of Embedded Systems.

4. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). (2022).

*Guidelines for Smart Home Security*. Retrieved from NIST website.
5. Blynk Inc. (2023). *Blynk Documentation*. Retrieved from Blynk
website.

6. Espressif Systems. (2023). *ESP32 Technical Reference Manual*.

Retrieved from Espressif website.

7. Smith, J., Brown, L. (2020). *Electromechanical Devices: Theory and

Practice*. London: Engineering Press.