Python Data Types - Complete Reference
String (str)
Definition: Sequence of characters enclosed in single (' '), double (" "), or triple
quotes (''' ''' or """ """).
Key Characteristics:
- Immutable (cannot be changed after creation).
- Indexed and ordered.
- Supports slicing and concatenation.
Examples:
text = "Python"
print(text[0]) # P
print(text[-1]) # n
print(text[0:3]) # Pyt
print(len(text)) # 6
print(text.upper()) # PYTHON
Exercises:
1. Create a string and print its first and last characters.
2. Check if the word "Python" exists in a given sentence.
3. Reverse a string using slicing.
Integer (int)
Definition: Whole numbers without a decimal point.
Key Characteristics:
- Immutable.
- Can be positive, negative, or zero.
- Supports all arithmetic operations.
Examples:
a = 10
b = 3
print(a + b) # 13
print(a // b) # 3
print(a % b) # 1
print(abs(-5)) # 5
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Python Data Types - Complete Reference
Exercises:
1. Write a program to swap two integers without using a temporary variable.
2. Calculate the factorial of a number using integers.
3. Check if a given integer is even or odd.
Float (float)
Definition: Numbers with a decimal point.
Key Characteristics:
- Immutable.
- Supports arithmetic operations.
- Subject to floating-point precision limitations.
Examples:
x = 5.75
y = 2.0
print(x / y) # 2.875
print(round(x)) # 6
print(round(3.14159, 2)) # 3.14
Exercises:
1. Convert an integer to a float and print both values.
2. Write a program to calculate the Body Mass Index (BMI) using floats.
3. Round a float to 3 decimal places.
Boolean (bool)
Definition: Represents truth values True or False.
Key Characteristics:
- Subclass of integers (True = 1, False = 0).
- Immutable.
- Used for conditional logic.
Examples:
print(True + True) # 2
print(False * 5) # 0
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Python Data Types - Complete Reference
print(5 > 3) # True
print(bool(0)) # False
Exercises:
1. Check if a number is within a specific range using Boolean logic.
2. Convert various data types to Boolean using bool().
3. Use 'and', 'or', 'not' to combine conditions.
List (list)
Definition: Ordered, mutable collection of items.
Key Characteristics:
- Can store mixed data types.
- Supports indexing and slicing.
- Mutable (can add, remove, and modify elements).
Examples:
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]
fruits.append("orange")
fruits.remove("banana")
print(fruits[0]) # apple
Exercises:
1. Create a list of numbers and print only the even ones.
2. Reverse a list without using reverse() method.
3. Merge two lists without using '+' operator.
Tuple (tuple)
Definition: Ordered, immutable collection of items.
Key Characteristics:
- Can store mixed data types.
- Supports indexing and slicing.
- Faster than lists due to immutability.
Examples:
colors = ("red", "green", "blue")
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Python Data Types - Complete Reference
print(colors[1]) # green
print(len(colors)) # 3
Exercises:
1. Create a tuple with single element and check its type.
2. Unpack a tuple into separate variables.
3. Concatenate two tuples.
Set (set)
Definition: Unordered, mutable collection of unique elements.
Key Characteristics:
- No duplicate items allowed.
- Elements must be immutable.
- Supports mathematical set operations.
Examples:
nums = {1, 2, 3}
nums.add(4)
nums.update([3, 5, 6])
nums.remove(2)
print(nums)
Exercises:
1. Create two sets and find their intersection.
2. Remove duplicates from a list using a set.
3. Check if one set is a subset of another.
Dictionary (dict)
Definition: Unordered, mutable collection of key-value pairs.
Key Characteristics:
- Keys are unique and immutable.
- Values can be of any type.
- Fast lookups using keys.
Examples:
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Python Data Types - Complete Reference
person = {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}
person["city"] = "London"
print(person.get("age"))
print(person.keys())
Exercises:
1. Create a dictionary to store student names and grades, then print each student with
their grade.
2. Merge two dictionaries into one.
3. Count the frequency of each word in a given sentence.
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