# JavaScript Array and String Methods Reference

## Array Methods

### Creating and Modifying Arrays

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `push()` | Adds one or more elements to the end of an array | `arr.push('new item')` |

| `pop()` | Removes the last element from an array | `const lastItem = arr.pop()` |

| `unshift()` | Adds one or more elements to the beginning of an array | `arr.unshift('first item')` |

| `shift()` | Removes the first element from an array | `const firstItem = arr.shift()` |

| `splice()` | Changes array content by removing/replacing elements | `arr.splice(1, 2, 'new')` |

| `slice()` | Returns a shallow copy of a portion of an array | `const newArr = arr.slice(1, 3)` |

| `concat()` | Combines two or more arrays | `const combined = arr1.concat(arr2)` |

| `fill()` | Fills all elements with a static value | `arr.fill(0)` |

### Array Iteration Methods

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `forEach()` | Executes a function for each array element | `arr.forEach(item => console.log(item))` |

| `map()` | Creates a new array with results of calling a function | `const doubled = arr.map(x => x *
2)` |

| `filter()` | Creates a new array with elements that pass a test | `const evens = arr.filter(x => x % 2
=== 0)` |

| `reduce()` | Reduces array to single value by applying function | `const sum = arr.reduce((total, x)
=> total + x, 0)` |

| `find()` | Returns first element that passes a test | `const found = arr.find(x => x > 10)` |

| `findIndex()` | Returns index of first element that passes a test | `const index = arr.findIndex(x => x
> 5)` |

| `some()` | Tests if at least one element passes a test | `const hasLarge = arr.some(x => x > 100)` |
| `every()` | Tests if all elements pass a test | `const allPositive = arr.every(x => x > 0)` |

### Sorting and Searching

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `sort()` | Sorts elements of an array | `arr.sort((a, b) => a - b)` |

| `reverse()` | Reverses the order of elements | `arr.reverse()` |

| `indexOf()` | Returns first index at which element is found | `const index = arr.indexOf(5)` |

| `lastIndexOf()` | Returns last index at which element is found | `const lastIndex = arr.lastIndexOf(5)`
|

| `includes()` | Determines if array includes element | `const has7 = arr.includes(7)` |

### Other Array Methods

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `join()` | Joins all elements into a string | `const str = arr.join(', ')` |

| `flat()` | Creates new array with sub-array elements flattened | `const flat = arr.flat()` |

| `flatMap()` | Maps each element, then flattens the result | `const flatMapped = arr.flatMap(x => [x,
x * 2])` |

| `from()` | Creates a new array from an array-like object | `const arr = Array.from('hello')` |

| `isArray()` | Checks if a value is an array | `Array.isArray(arr)` |

## String Methods

### Basic String Methods

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `charAt()` | Returns character at specified index | `str.charAt(0)` |

| `charCodeAt()` | Returns UTF-16 code at specified index | `str.charCodeAt(0)` |

| `startsWith()` | Checks if string begins with specified characters | `str.startsWith('hello')` |

| `endsWith()` | Checks if string ends with specified characters | `str.endsWith('.com')` |

| `includes()` | Checks if string contains specified characters | `str.includes('world')` |

| `indexOf()` | Returns first index of specified text | `str.indexOf('a')` |

| `lastIndexOf()` | Returns last index of specified text | `str.lastIndexOf('a')` |

### String Manipulation

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `replace()` | Replaces specified value with another value | `str.replace('old', 'new')` |

| `replaceAll()` | Replaces all occurrences of a value | `str.replaceAll('a', 'b')` |

| `slice()` | Extracts part of a string | `str.slice(1, 5)` |

| `substring()` | Extracts characters between two indices | `str.substring(1, 5)` |

| `split()` | Splits string into an array of substrings | `str.split(' ')` |

| `toLowerCase()` | Converts string to lowercase | `str.toLowerCase()` |

| `toUpperCase()` | Converts string to uppercase | `str.toUpperCase()` |

| `trim()` | Removes whitespace from both ends | `str.trim()` |

| `trimStart()` | Removes whitespace from beginning | `str.trimStart()` |

| `trimEnd()` | Removes whitespace from end | `str.trimEnd()` |

| `padStart()` | Pads start of string to specified length | `str.padStart(10, '0')` |

| `padEnd()` | Pads end of string to specified length | `str.padEnd(10, '0')` |

### String Search and Match

| Method | Description | Example |

|--------|-------------|---------|

| `match()` | Searches string for match against regex | `str.match(/pattern/g)` |

| `matchAll()` | Returns iterator of all regex matches | `[...str.matchAll(/pattern/g)]` |

| `search()` | Searches for match against regex | `str.search(/pattern/)` |

| Property | Description | Example |

|----------|-------------|---------|

| `length` | Returns the length of a string | `str.length` |