ST - Wilfred's Institute of Engineering & Technology, Ajmer: A Seminar Presentation On

St.
wilfreds institute of engineering & technology,ajmer

A seminar presentation on
Submitted to Mr.Anuj Bhargava
Submitted by Rahul Kasera B.Tech 4th year VIIIth Sem.(ECE)
RFID-What it is?
RF-ID is an technology that use Radio-Frequency
waves to transfer data between a reader and movable item for detection, tracking or identification purpose. RFID (radio frequency identification) is a technology that incorporates the use of radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or person. An alternative to bar code. RFID is also called dedicated short rang communication (DSRC).
RF-ID Components
An antenna or coil.
A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed
with unique information. A antenna and transceiver together also know as interrogator or reader. Host Computer & Appropriate software.
RF TAG
In an RF-ID system the transponder that contains the data to be transmitted is called an RF tag is the core of the RF-ID System A Tag is a transponder which receives a radio signal and in response to it sends out a radio signal. An RFID tag is an object that can be stuck on or incorporated into a product, animal, or person for the purpose of identification using radio waves . Tag contains an antenna, and a small chip that stores a small amount of data. Tag can be programmed at manufacture or on installation Tags ( Chip + Antenna) There are two types of Tag : 1) Active. 2) Passive.
Active Tags
Active tags has internal battery supplies to
power their internal circuits. Active tag uses its battery to broadcast radio waves to a reader. High broadcasting frequency i.e. 850-950Mhz. Greater range 100-300meter. Cost between $20 and $40 per item Life between 2 4 years.
Passive Tags
1.
also called pure passive, reflective or beam powered

Passive RFID tags rely entirely on reader as their power source. Obtains operating power from the reader .
2.
reader sends electromagnetic waves that induce current in the tags antenna, the tag reflects the RF signal transmitted and adds information by modulating the reflected signal . 4. These can be read up to 20 feet away.
3. the
Reader (Interrogator)
An RFID reader is a device that is used to interrogate
an RFID tag. The reader has an antenna that emits radio waves; the tag responds by sending back its data. A RF-ID reader sends out a radio frequency wave to the 'Tag' and the 'Tag' broadcasts back its stored data to the reader.
The data collected from the Tag is uploaded with
the help of reader on the computer for further processing. Readers can be at fixed points such as:-Entrance/exit -Warehouse
RF-ID Operation
Sequence of Communication
Host Manages Reader(s) and Issues Commands. Reader and tag communicate via RF signal. Carrier signal generated by the reader (upon request from the host application). Carrier signal sent out through the antennas. Carrier signal hits tag(s). Tag receives and modifies carrier signal. sends back modulated signal. Antennas receive the modulated signal and send them to the Reader. Reader decodes the data. Results provided to the host application for further processing.
RF-ID Operation
Tag
Frequencies
RFID systems are also distinguished by their frequency ranges.
Low-frequency (30 KHz to 500 KHz) systems have short reading
ranges and lower system costs. They are most commonly used in security access, asset tracking, and animal identification applications.
High-frequency (850 MHz to 950 MHz and 2.4 GHz to 2.5 GHz)
systems, offering long read ranges (greater than 90 feet) and high reading speeds but have higher system costs. They are most commonly are used for such applications as railroad car tracking and automated toll collection.
Electronic product code-(EPC)

Each tag contains a unique code that facilitating the identification process & is known as EPC.
E.g. 613.23000.123456.123456789 (96 bits)
Header 0-7bits
ECP Manager 8-35 bits
Object Class 36-59bits
Serial Number 60-95bits
Advantages
Penetrates materials well
(water, tissue, wood, aluminum). Good non-line-of-sight communication (except for conductive, "lossy" materials). Less than 100 milliseconds. No contact. Simultaneous read of multiple items.
Disadvantages
Does not penetrate or transmit around
metals (iron, steel). Accidental eating of tags in food. Prone to physical/electrical damage due to environmental conditions High cost Security problems
Applications
Airline Baggage Tracking.
Vehicle Security System. Hotel Room Access.
Passport
Parcel Shipping System. Library System
Toll System.
Strengths
Advanced technology Easy to use High memory capacity Small size
Weaknesses
Lack of industry and application standards High cost per unit and high RFID system integrations costs Weak market understanding of the benefits RFID technology
Opportunities
Could replace the bar code End-user demand for RFIDsystems is increasing Huge market potential in many businesses
Threats
Ethical threats concerning privacy life Highly fragmented competitive environment

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St.

wilfreds institute of engineering & technology,ajmer

Submitted to Mr.Anuj Bhargava

Submitted by Rahul Kasera B.Tech 4th year VIIIth Sem.(ECE)

also called pure passive, reflective or beam powered

Low-frequency (30 KHz to 500 KHz) systems have short reading

Electronic product code-(EPC)

ECP Manager 8-35 bits

Object Class 36-59bits

Serial Number 60-95bits

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