Transactionalanalysis 1 130519012933 Phpapp01

Transactional
Analysis
What is T.A?
When two people interact with each
other,
they engage in social transactions,
in which
one person responds to the other.
Study of such Social
Transactions is
called Transactional Analysis.
What is a
Transaction?
A Transaction is an exchange of
two
strokes between two people. The
first
stroke is called Stimulus, the
second is
called the Response.
Transactional
Analysis
Transactions are
psychological in nature
and relate to how people
behave and how other
people behave with
them in response to
their behaviour.
Transactional
Analysis(cont)
To understand Transactional Analysis
we must
first
understand EGO STATES:
EGO STATES:
Within each human being, several

human beings are existing at the
same
time, depending upon how
the person is behaving at any given time.
Ego state of a normal

person
Ego Stage of a small

Child
It has only
Parent
& Child ego
state.
Adult not yet
formed
Top Managers Ego

State
Dominant
A
C
Parent
Mostly critical,
or giving
orders
Normal
Adult.
Fragile Child
Comedians Ego
State
Dominant
A
C
Child
Insignificant
Parent
1. Parent Ego
State
Set of thoughts, feelings,
and behaviours learnt
from parents or other
care takers.
Nurturing Parent
Soft, loving and
permission giving
Parent Ego State

While in the parent ego state,
people treat others like children.
Critical Parent:
This is a role where people becomes
authoritative; caring; controlling;
and
sometimes bossy.
Adult Ego State

Oriented towards current reality and
objectivity gathering of
information.
Data processing centre.
This is a role of care, concern,
respect,
responsibility and maturity.
Child Ego State

Seat of emotions , thoughts and
memories from childhood.
The child ego state has the
liberty of fun
loving and carefree behaviour.
It is a storehouse of Creativity.
Ego States
Eric Bernes Transactional

Analysis
It deals with the theory of
development and is
underpinned by the
philosophy:
1. People can change
2. We all have a right to
be in
this world and be
accepted
Eric Berne
EGO STATES
Each human being has
three ego states:
P
1.Parent ego state
2.Adult ego state
3.Child ego state
Development of Ego
States
Parent Ego state This pertains to

behaviors, thoughts and feelings
copied during the early years
( roughly , the first 5 years )
Parent Ego State: This pertains to

behaviors, thoughts and feelings
copied from parents
The Parent is a huge collection of
recordings in the brain of imposed

external events perceived in the early
years(roughly the first 5 years.)
Every thing the Child saw the

parents do and every thing he
heard them say, are recorded
straight without editing in his
PARENT
There are thousands of Nos and Donts
that bombarded him.

Parent data appear in how to category.
How to hit a nail. how to eat.

On the basis of these feelings the child
concludes- I am not O.K-you are O.K

But, sometimes parent says one thing but
does another thing like parent says dont
lie, but tells lies himself.
It is not safe for the child to question this
inconsistency. He defends himself by
turning off the recording.
CHILD EGO STATE
:
* It is a set of behaviors, thoughts and
feelings
replayed from our childhood
* These are permanent recordings and
cant be
erased
CHILD EGO STATE

*The happy and pleasurable events are
recorded in
child.
* In our Child reside creativity, curiosity
and the desire
to know and the urge to touch and
feel.
* These are O.K. recordings
As in the case of Parent, the Child is a state

which brings the feelings which we felt at that
time
Creativity is born from curiosity in the Child, as it

provides want to and Adult provides how to
In our child is a vast store of positive

data. In our Child are recorded
countless experience of the firsts of
life
Gradual transition from

Child stage to Adult.
Adult
Ego State
At about 8-10 months of age, the child starts
creeping, crawling and walking. He starts

playing with a cup and pretends to drink.
At the age of 10 months, comes his own
awareness and original thoughts. This is the
beginning of Adult.
He starts gathering and processing data.
This is thought process and is different from
the earlier felt concept in the child.
Cont
Adult Ego
State..
Adult during this period is very fragile.
It is easily knocked down by commands

from parents.
The Adult is a data processing
computer. The adult starts testing the
Parent data and updates it. It also updates
Child data.
The ongoing work consists of checking
out old data, validating or invalidating
and refilling it for future use.
LIFE POSITIONS
T.A has four possible life positions:
You are
O.K
I
a
m
O.
K
I am O.K
You are O.K
I am O.K
You are not O.K
You are O.K

I am not O.K
I am not O.K
You are not O.K
You are not
I
a
m
not
O.
K
Life Positions
T . A. has four possible life
positions
Cont..
I am not O.K You are O.K:
This is a feeling of inferiority.
I am not O.K You are not O.K:
By the end of first year the child starts
walking. He is no longer picked up. Mothers
stroking stops entirely. The life which was
comfortable in the first year becomes
difficult. Punishment comes harder.
The child concludes I am not O.K You are
not O.K.
Cont..
I am O.K You are not O.K:
The child who is brutalized long enough by

parents will switch over to this position of I
am O.K You are not O.K
I am O.K You are O.K:
The earlier three positions have been
based on childhood feelings, but this fourth
position is based on Thought and Faith. It
is a decision we make.
The Adult can comprehend. We have the
presence of old recordings, but we can
choose to turn them off.
Psychological
Positions
Complementary
Transactions
TRANSACTIONS
A) PARENT-PARENT TRANSACTION
1. Stimulus: Her duty is at home with
children.
Response: She has no sense of duty
P
Cont..
2. Stimulus: Kids now-a-days are lazy.
Response: It is a sign of the present

generation.
3. Stimulus: She married him only for his
money.
Response: Well, thats all she got.
B) ADULT-ADULT
TRANSACTIONS
1. Stimulus: Whats the time?
Response: Exactly 4 pm by my watch.
2. Stimulus :
Response
3. Stimulus :
Response
Please pass the sugar

: Here it is
I am tired
: Let us go to bed
Cont..
4.Stimulus: This is a nice dress,
you are
wearing
Response: Thank you,
Adult to Adult
Transaction
C) CHILD-CHILD
TRANSACTIONS
1. Girl child(1): I will be the mamma and you the

little
girls.
Girl child(2): I always have to be the little girl.
Girl child(1): Well, let us take turns, you be the
mamma
first and next time I will be the mama.
2. Little boy(child): My daddy has two buildings.

Little girl(child): That is nothing. My daddy has five
buildings.
C) CHILD-CHILD
TRANSACTIONS
P
D) PARENT CHILD
TRANSACTION
Sick husband(child): I am feeling so sick.
Nurturing wife ( Good mamma): Dont
worry, you
will be all right. I am taking
care of you. PP
PP
AA
AA
CC
CC
Adult to Child
Transaction
CROSSED TRANSACTIONS
The crossed transactions cause trouble ,
1. Husband (Adult stimulus, seeking information) :
Where is my scooter key?
Wife(parent) : Where you left it.
The stimulus was Adult but the wife replied from the
parent. When stimulus and response cross on
P.A.C Transaction diagram, communication
stops.
Crossed
Transactions
Cont..
P
HUSBAND
WIFE
RULE OF T.A:
When stimulus and response cross on the
P-A-C transactions diagram, communication
stops.
2. Mother (parent): Go clear your room.

Daughter (parent) : you cant tell me what
to do. You are not my boss.
MOTHER
DAUGHTER
3. Son (Adult): I have to finish my report tonight.

Father (parent) : Why do you always keep things
for the
last minute.?
FATHER
P
S
SON
Crossed
Transaction
Three Rules of
Communication
1. Complementary Transactions:
- communication remains open.
2. Crossed Transactions:
- communication stops.
3. Complex Transactions:
- outcome is predicted only at the
psychological level
Im O.K.- Youre
O.K
This is the best known expression of the
purpose of Transactional Analysis, which
is:
1. To reinforce the position that
recognizes the value and worth of
every person.
2. Transactional Analysits regard people
as basically O.Kand thus capable of
change, growth,and healthy interactions.
Stroking & Life

Positions
Physically one strokes others by shaking
hands, clapping, hugging, smiling.
Countless physical strokes are exchanged
between
people everyday and each stroke stimulates its
own physical response.
Psychological strokes deal with recognizing
others with words, gestures and
behaviour.
Stroking & Life

Positions
Psychological strokes are A RECOGNITION
OF
OTHERS and can be positive or negative in
nature.
Respecting, praising and thanking
people are
positive strokes, while criticizing and
ignoring them are some negative
strokes.
Advantages of T.A
Improves Interpersonal
Communication
Simple to learn
Applicable to Motivation.
Helps in Organizational
Development.
Can be used at home as well as in
office.
Advantages
Transactional Analysis can be
effectively used to understand the
secrets of human behavior and often
works better in improving
relationships.
CONCLUSION
Transactional Analysis is a
rational and
easy to understand method of
clarifying
and managing human
relationships
and behaviours.
For More
Information
Books to be read:
1. Games People Play
2. I am OK, You are OK
Questions?
Thank You

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Transactional

Within each human being, several

the person is behaving at any given time.

Ego state of a normal

Ego Stage of a small

Top Managers Ego

Parent Ego State

Adult Ego State

Child Ego State

Eric Bernes Transactional

1.Parent ego state

2.Adult ego state

3.Child ego state

Parent Ego state This pertains to

Parent Ego State: This pertains to

The Parent is a huge collection of

recordings in the brain of imposed

Every thing the Child saw the

There are thousands of Nos and Donts

that bombarded him.

How to hit a nail. how to eat.

concludes- I am not O.K-you are O.K

CHILD EGO STATE

CHILD EGO STATE

As in the case of Parent, the Child is a state

Creativity is born from curiosity in the Child, as it

In our child is a vast store of positive

Gradual transition from

At about 8-10 months of age, the child starts

creeping, crawling and walking. He starts

It is easily knocked down by commands

You are O.K

You are not

The child who is brutalized long enough by

Response: It is a sign of the present

Response: Exactly 4 pm by my watch.

Please pass the sugar

4.Stimulus: This is a nice dress,

1. Girl child(1): I will be the mamma and you the

2. Little boy(child): My daddy has two buildings.

2. Mother (parent): Go clear your room.

3. Son (Adult): I have to finish my report tonight.

Stroking & Life

Stroking & Life

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