Scribd
Upload
126 views

Egoism and Altruism

This document discusses the concepts of altruism and egoism. It defines altruism as making moral decisions based on the interests of others rather than oneself. Egoism is defined as making decisions based on self-interest. While altruism focuses on helping others, egoism focuses on helping oneself. The document also argues that while altruism seems preferable for living a moral life, humans likely have a combination of both altruistic and egoistic motives in helping others.

Uploaded by

supriyas1338
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
126 views

Egoism and Altruism

This document discusses the concepts of altruism and egoism. It defines altruism as making moral decisions based on the interests of others rather than oneself. Egoism is defined as making decisions based on self-interest. While altruism focuses on helping others, egoism focuses on helping oneself. The document also argues that while altruism seems preferable for living a moral life, humans likely have a combination of both altruistic and egoistic motives in helping others.

Uploaded by

supriyas1338
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

By

Dr. Ketki Bhatti

Introduction
Human values decide the standard of behaviour.
Altruism is an aspect of moral philosophy in which

it is argued that moral decisions should be based


upon the interests or well-being of others rather
than on self-interest.

Ethical egoism is belief that one ought to do what

is in ones own self-interest. What is in ones selfinterest may incidentally be detrimental to others,
beneficial to others, or neutral in its effect.

What is Altruism?
Altruism revolves around the question of morality I

ought to act in the interest of others.

In ethical altruism the issue of morality revolves around

the idea that in order to live a morally correct life one


must act in the interest of others. But acting in the
interest of others does not imply a reward

E.g. A politician donates money to a charity because it is

the right thing to do, is honest act of altruism.

But, the politician who donates money to a charity in

order to gain favourable public opinion is not act of


altruism.

What is Egoism?
Egoism revolves around the question: I ought to act

in the interest of myself.

In ethical egoism the issue of morality revolves around

the idea that people must do what is best for


themselves in order to live a morally correct life.

When someone strives to reach a goal and sees others

as an obstacle to their success, they could be viewed


as egoists. In some cases of egoism, the idea of acting
out of ones self interest sometimes even extends to
overlooking others interests in order to satisfy your
own.

Is Altruism Really
Egoism?
One should not get fooled by the egoism.
For e.g. Doctors, social workers, engineers and

humanitarians alike give up their time and


expertise to improve the life of those living in
impoverished countries.

These humanitarians must have had some self-

interest in order to build on the foundation of


knowledge they have acquired. It took some
actions on their own self-interest to get where
they are now.

Whether it was motivation driven by the interest to

attain more knowledge or the lure of future financial


success, is irrelevant.

Either way these people were clearly acting

according to the foundation of egoism, by acting out


of ones self interest.

When someone helps a fellow human being because

they enjoy the feeling it gives them, is in fact a


quality of egoism. Altruism rather than egoism, has
a better outline for how one should live life.
Combination of the two is probably more realistic.

Altruism rather than egoism has a better outline for

how one should live life, combination of the two is


probably more realistic.

Definition: Entrepreneur
and
Manager
An entrepreneur
is a person who initiates of a
new enterprise, venture or idea and assumes
significant accountability for the inherent risks
and the outcome.
An entrepreneur is one who undertakes an

enterprise. Entrepreneur is a person who sets


up a business or businesses, taking on greater
than normal financial risks, in order to do so.

Ideology-Milton Friedman
The Social Responsibility of Business is to

Maximise its profits.


Profit maximization is the exclusive goal of
business management.
The expectations of others (as reflected in
law, ethical custom, and potentially hostile
reactions) serve as constraints on a
managers ability to achieve the exclusive
goal or profit.

Personal Ethics V/s


Professional Ethics
There are two kinds of ethical obligation in

business:
There are obligations that business people have
simply as human being.
There are further obligations they have as
members of a profession.
Personal ethics questionWhat should I do as a human being?
What should I do as a professional?
If there is a conflict, how should I resolve it?

Why Professional ethics?


Expertise is a particular area
The disposition to apply it responsibly.
The members of a profession profess.
Special obligation of ManagersTo generate wealth.
To provide meaningful and gainful

employment.
To contribute to social order and stability.

Manager-Who is he/she?
One who identifies and achieves

organisational objectives through the


deployment of appropriate resources.
Responsibilities- Managing activities,
managing resources, managing information,
managing people and managing him or
herself.
Planning and directing the work of a group of
individuals, monitoring their work and taking
corrective action when necessary.

Difference between
Entrepreneur
and
a. The main reason for an entrepreneur
Comprehends the venture for his individual
Manager
satisfaction and has personal stake in it. A
manager provides his services in an
enterprise established by someone.
b. An entrepreneur- Bears all risk and
uncertainties where as a manager doesnt
own it.
c. Entrepreneur- Innovative. ManagersSupervise and create routines.

Entrepreneur- Faced with more income uncertainties

as his income is contingent on the performance of


the org. Managers compensation is less dependent
on the performance of the organisation.
Entrepreneur- Not induced to involve in fraudulent
behaviour. Manager- May cheat.
Entrepreneur- Qualities like high accomplishment
motive, innovative thinking, fore thought, risk
bearing ability but not qualified to be a good
entrepreneur. Manager- To be educated in the fields
of management theories and practices.
Entrepreneur- Faults and Failures as a learning exp.
Managers- Makes every effort to avoid mistakes and
he postpones failure.

You might also like