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    CNC Titan

    Uploaded by

    GV Ragunathan
    The document provides information about computer numerical control (CNC) machines and programming. It discusses the advantages of CNC machines including high productivity from rapid positioning and increased material removal rates. Higher accuracy and flexibility allow for design changes with lower costs. CNC programming uses G and M codes to control machine functions like spindle rotation, tool changes, and coordinate systems. Common codes include G00 for rapid positioning, G01 for linear interpolation, and M03/M04 for spindle control. Canned cycles like G81 for drilling simplify programming by combining operations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CNC Titan

    Uploaded by

    GV Ragunathan
    363 views58 pages
    The document provides information about computer numerical control (CNC) machines and programming. It discusses the advantages of CNC machines including high productivity from rapid positioning and increased material removal rates. Higher accuracy and flexibility allow for design changes with lower costs. CNC programming uses G and M codes to control machine functions like spindle rotation, tool changes, and coordinate systems. Common codes include G00 for rapid positioning, G01 for linear interpolation, and M03/M04 for spindle control. Canned cycles like G81 for drilling simplify programming by combining operations.

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    The document provides information about computer numerical control (CNC) machines and programming. It discusses the advantages of CNC machines including high productivity from rapid positioning and increased material removal rates. Higher accuracy and flexibility allow for design changes with lower costs. CNC programming uses G and M codes to control machine functions like spindle rotation, tool changes, and coordinate systems. Common codes include G00 for rapid positioning, G01 for linear interpolation, and M03/M04 for spindle control. Canned cycles like G81 for drilling simplify programming by combining operations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    363 views58 pages

    CNC Titan

    Uploaded by

    GV Ragunathan
    The document provides information about computer numerical control (CNC) machines and programming. It discusses the advantages of CNC machines including high productivity from rapid positioning and increased material removal rates. Higher accuracy and flexibility allow for design changes with lower costs. CNC programming uses G and M codes to control machine functions like spindle rotation, tool changes, and coordinate systems. Common codes include G00 for rapid positioning, G01 for linear interpolation, and M03/M04 for spindle control. Canned cycles like G81 for drilling simplify programming by combining operations.

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    COMPUTER NUMERICAL CONTROL

    What is CNC ?

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    ADVANTAGES CNC MACHINE

    The foremost advantage of CNC machine would be the HIGH PRODUCTIVITY


    achieved by reducing the cycle time.

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    Achievement of high productivity
    HIGH PRODUCTIVITY is achieved through
    Automatic and rapid positioning of slides.

    Increased material removal rates by employing increased spindle speed

    and feed rates (which is enabled by the built-in power and rigidity of the
    CNC machine structure.

    Reducing the tool change time by using ATC and reducing job setting

    time
    by using APC.

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    ADVANTAGES OF CNC MACHINE
    Higher positional accuracy and repeatability of machine part because

    of the machine construction and the closed loop control system.


    Higher flexibility for meeting frequent design changes with lesser cost.
    Reduced inspection requirements and reduced scrap there by reducing

    inspection and material cost.


    Reduced labor cost (machine does not require Highly skilled labor)
    Reduced inventory cost, (reduces the lead time of production).
    Reduce the tooling cost. (do not require jigs, fixtures or templates)

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    DISADVANTAGES OF CNC MACHINE
    Higher Investment cost (CNC machine is more

    sophisticated and complex technology).


    Higher Maintenance cost (CNC is more complex and

    more accurate).
    Need of trained personnel (Certain aspects of these

    machine operations require higher-level skill than a


    conventional machine).

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    APPLICATION OF CNC MACHINES
    1. METAL CUTTING MACHINES
    CNC Milling
    CNC Turning
    CNC Drilling / Boring
    CNC Gear Cutting
    CNC Grinding

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    APPLICATION OF CNC MACHINES
    2. METAL FORMING MACHINE
    Press Tools
    Injection / Blow Moulding Machines
    Die Casting Machines
    Tube Bending

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    APPLICATION OF CNC MACHINES
    3. NON CONVENTIONAL MACHINING PROCESS
    EDM Sinking and EDM Wire-cut machines.
    Plasma Arc cutting machines.
    Electron Beam machining.
    Laser Beam machining.
    Ion Beam machining.
    Ultrasonic machining etc.

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC MACHINES


    APPLICATION OF CNC MACHINES
    4. Welding machines (TIG, MIG, Submerged Arc welding etc.)

    5. Inspection and Quality Control systems (CMM,LMM).

    6. Assembly, Testing and Despatch equipments.

    7. Tool and work handling systems

    PART PROGRAMMING

    MILLING

    Program
    Set of instructions which instructs the
    machine tool about the processing steps to
    be performed for the manufacture of a
    component

    Skills of a CNC Programmer


    1. Programming Language
    2. Blue Print Reading
    3. Cutting Tool Parameters

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Nomenclature of the CNC machine axis
    The axes of CNC Machines can be identified using the Right hand thumb rule.

    Designating the Linear motions


    First of all, Z motion shall be designated. This shall be followed by X and Y motions
    respectively. Z motions either along the spindle or parallel to the spindle axis.

    Designating the Rotary motions


    A, B and C are the primary rotary motions. These motions are located about the
    axis parallel to X,Y, and Z respectively

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Nomenclature of the CNC machine axis

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Nomenclature of the CNC machine axis

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Co-ordinate system
    The graphical representation of a point on a two dimensional plane is known
    as co-ordinate system

    World co-ordinate system

    Y+
    (+ , +)

    (- , +)
    X-

    X+
    (+ , -)

    (-,-)

    Y-

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Co-ordinate system
    Absolute Co-ordinate system

    In this system, the location of a point is specified by X, Y co-ordinate values


    from a common reference point.

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Co-ordinate system
    Absolute Co-ordinate system
    Points

    P1

    P2

    50

    P3

    50

    50

    P4

    50

    50
    P3

    50

    P4

    P1

    P2

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Co-ordinate system
    Incremental Co-ordinate system

    In this system, the location of a point is specified by X, Y co-ordinate values


    with respect to the last point (previous point).

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    MILLING MACHINE
    Co-ordinate system
    Incremental Co-ordinate system
    Points

    P1

    P2

    50

    P3

    50

    P4

    - 50

    50
    P3

    50

    P4

    P1

    P2

    PROGRAM NUMBER

    BLOCKS

    WORDS

    G, M, S, F, T, X, Y, Z, with numeral

    PROGRAM STRUCTURE
    EXAMPLE:
    O2456;
    N10 G17 G21 G40 G90 ;
    N20 M06 T01;
    N30 M03 S2000;
    ..
    ..
    ..
    N10

    PROGRAM NUMBER

    BLOCK

    WORD

    SEQUENCE NUMBER OR
    BLOCK IDENTIFICATION NUMBER

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    PROGRAM NUMBER
    The program number functions as an addressing symbol for accessing

    the program.
    The program number is expressed by 4 digit numerals prefixed by the

    letter O.
    Numerals from 0001 to 9999 can be used.
    Example: O1234

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    SEQUENCE NUMBER

    The sequence number is used search or call out the position being

    executed.
    Sequence number starts with the letter N followed by numerals up

    to 5 digits.
    N10

    G00

    X100

    Y100

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    ADDRESS

    Address is expressed in alphabets.


    N10

    G00

    X100

    Y100

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    DATA

    Numerals succeeding the alphabets are called data.


    N10

    G00

    X100

    Y100

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    WORD

    Word is the minimum unit for specifying the functions.


    Word consists of ADDRESS and DATA
    N10

    G00

    X100

    Y100

    INTRODUCTION TO CNC PROGRAMMING


    PART PROGRAMMING
    TERMS IN PROGRAMMING
    BLOCK

    Block is the minimum command unit required to perform a process.


    Block consists of WORD and DATA.
    N10

    G00

    X100

    Y100

    BLOCK

    G CODES AND M CODES

    MILLING

    G CODES

    The address G identifies a preparatory command, often called as G code.


    The objective of G code is to preset or to prepare the control system to a
    certain desired condition, or to a certain mode or a state of operation.
    For example, the address G00 presets a rapid motion mode for the machine tool,
    the address G81 presets the drilling cycle, etc.
    The term preparatory command indicates its meaning a G code will prepare the
    control to accept the programming instructions following the G code in a specific
    way.

    MILLING
    ISO G CODES
    G CODES

    Function

    G00

    Rapid positioning

    G01

    Linear interpolation

    G02

    Circular interpolation/clockwise

    G03

    Circular Interpolation / Counter clockwise

    G04

    Dwell

    G37

    Sub routine call

    MILLING
    ISO G CODES
    G CODES

    Function

    G20

    Input in Inch

    G21

    Input in mm

    G28

    Return to Reference Position

    G40

    Cutter Radius compensation cancel

    G41

    Cutter Radius compensation left

    G42

    Cutter Radius compensation right

    MILLING

    ISO G CODES

    G CODES

    Function

    G43

    Tool Length compensation + ve direction

    G44

    Tool Length compensation - ve direction

    G49

    Tool Length compensation cancel

    G54

    Workpiece co-ordination system 1 selection

    G55

    Workpiece co-ordination system 2 selection

    G56

    Workpiece co-ordination system 3 selection

    G57

    Workpiece co-ordination system 4 selection

    G58

    Workpiece co-ordination system 5 selection

    G59

    Workpiece co-ordination system 6 selection

    MILLING
    ISO G CODES
    G CODES

    Function

    G90

    Absolute command

    G91

    Incremental command

    G98

    Return to Initial point in canned cycle

    G99

    Return to R point in canned cycle

    MILLING
    ISO M CODES
    M CODES

    Function

    M00

    Program stop

    M01

    Optional stop

    M02

    Program end

    M03

    Spindle rotation clockwise

    M04

    Spindle rotation counter clockwise

    M05

    Spindle stop

    MILLING
    ISO M CODES
    M CODES

    Function

    M06

    Tool change

    M08

    Coolant ON

    M09

    Coolant OFF

    M30

    Program end and rewind

    M98

    Sub program call

    M99

    Sub program end

    G00 Rapid traverse


    When the tool being positioned at a point
    preparatory to a cutting motion, to save time it is moved
    along a straight line at Rapid traverse, at a fixed traverse
    rate which is pre-programmed into the machine's control
    system.
    Typical rapid traverse rates
    are 10 to 25m/min., but
    can be as high as 80
    m/min.

    G01 Linear interpolation (feed traverse)


    The tool moves along a straight line in one or two
    axis simultaneously at a programmed linear speed, the
    feed rate.

    Tool length compensation (G43)


    Different tools of different lengths are used in
    machining any part. The lengths of the tools are not
    considered in the part program. They are entered in the
    machines memory, and are considered automatically for
    each motion in the program depending on the tool that is
    being used. The tool lengths in the Z direction are called
    the Tool length offsets.

    Tool length compensation (G43)

    Setting work co-ordinate system (G54 - G59)

    G54 Work co-ordinate system 1 selection


    G55 Work co-ordinate system 2 selection
    G56 Work co-ordinate system 3 selection
    G57 Work co-ordinate system 4 selection
    G58 Work co-ordinate system 5 selection
    G59 Work co-ordinate system 6 selection

    Setting work co-ordinate system (G54 - G59)

    Canned cycles :
    Canned or fixed cycles are programming aids
    that simplify programming. Canned cycles combine
    many programming operations and are designed to
    shorten the program length, minimize mathematical
    calculations, and use minimal tool motions.
    Examples : drilling, peck drilling, tapping, boring,
    back boring, spot facing.

    Canned cycles :
    G80 Canned cycle cancel
    G81 Drilling cycle
    G82 Drilling cycle with dwell (Counter bore
    cycle)
    G83 Peck drilling cycle / deep drill
    G84 Right hand tapping cycle
    G85 Boring / Reaming cycle
    G86 Boring cycle
    G87 Back boring cycle
    G74 Left hand tapping cycle
    G76 Fine boring cycle

    Drilling cycle (G81)

    Drilling cycle (G81)

    Counter bore cycle (G82)

    Counter bore cycle (G82)

    Peck drill cycle (G83)

    Peck drill cycle (G83)

    Tapping cycle (G84)


    Right hand tapping

    Tapping cycle (G84)

    Spindle direction in RH tapping


    CW during infeed
    CCW during outfeed
    Feedrate = Spindle RPM x Pitch

    Reaming cycle (G85)

    Reaming cycle (G85)

    G15 Polar co-ordinate command cancel


    G16 Polar co-ordinate command
    G16 X . Y .

    X Radius of Pitch Circle Diameter

    Y Angle of Hole Position

    G68 Rotation ON
    G69 Rotation OFF
    G68 X. Y. R .

    R Angle of Rotation

    G50.1 Canceling a Programmable


    Mirror image
    G51.1 Setting a Programmable
    Mirror image
    G50.1 X. Y.

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