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    1st Experiment

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    CNC Lathe Experiment

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    1st Experiment

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    CNC Lathe Experiment

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    CNC Lathe Experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    10 views8 pages

    1st Experiment

    Uploaded by

    225037
    CNC Lathe Experiment

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    Experiment 01
    CNC Lathe

    Objectives:

    • To get familiarization with the types of CNC machines.


    • Introduction to G & M codes.

    Theory:

    Types of CNC machines

    • CNC Turning
    • CNC milling
    • CNC wirecut
    • CNC router
    • CNC laser cut
    • CNC water jet cutting etc.

    Working on CNC Machine/ EDM wirecut

    C) Machine
    A) Instructions B) Controller
    Component

    A) Instructions to machine: (based on the available facilities in Labs)

    Machine Form of instruction

    EDM wirecut 2D cad drawings using AutoCAD software


    CNC lathe Writing G & M codes manually
    CNC milling Generating G & M codes using Fusion 360 software

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    G & M codes
    Generally, G-codes create movement & M-codes turn things ON, turn things OFF.

    Recommended order of Addresses in a block

    N… G… X (or U)… Z (or W)… F… S… T… D… M… H…


    Addresses

    N Refers to block number / sequence


    G G-codes
    X Absolute distance traveled by tool in x-axis
    U Incremental distance traveled by tool in x-axis
    Z Absolute distance traveled by tool in z-axis
    W Incremental distance traveled by tool in z-axis
    F Feed rate
    S Spindle speed
    T Tooling management
    M M-codes

    G-codes (Preparatory functions)

    G Code Description
    G00 Positioning (rapid traverse)
    G01 Linear interpolation
    G02 Circular interpolation clockwise
    G03 Circular interpolation counterclockwise
    G04 Dwell
    G17 Plane XY
    G18 Plane XZ
    G19 Plane YZ
    G20 Dimensions in inches
    G21 Dimensions in mm
    G28 Automatic machine reference
    G40 Cancel cutter radius compensation

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    G41 Cutter radius compensation left


    G42 Cutter radius compensation right
    G80 Deselection of drilling cycles
    G90 Absolute programming
    G91 Incremental programming
    G92 Spindle speed limit
    G98 Feed per minute
    G99 Feed per revolution
    G96 Constant cutting speed, feed per revolution
    G97 Constant spindle speed

    M-codes (Miscellaneous functions)

    M
    Code Description
    M00 Programmed stop
    M01 Optional stop
    M02 Main program end
    M03 Spindle rotation clockwise
    M04 Spindle rotation counterclockwise
    M05 Spindle stop
    M06 Tool change
    M08 Coolant ON
    M09 Coolant OFF
    M10 Chuck open
    M11 Chuck close
    M19 Spindle lock
    M20 Spindle unlock
    M30 Main program end

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    B) Control Panel (Siemens)

    This is the brain of the CNC machine, and all the CNC programs are stored inside this
    panel. CNC machinists control the whole machine through the keys on this panel. The
    machine can be started/ stopped using this panel. Machining processes can be carried
    out by writing the respective program through this panel or by feeding through a USB
    port on the panel. Feed, spindle speed and all other functions are controlled through
    this panel.
    Control elements on the Panel Processing Unit (PPU)

    Figure 05 (a): Control elements on the Panel Processing Unit (PPU)

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    Control elements on Machine Control Panel (MCP)

    Figure 05 (b): Control elements on Machine Control Panel (MCP)

    C) Machine component (CNC Lathe)

    Working principle of CNC Lathe


    A CNC lathe (CNC turning machine) is a machine that spins material around a central
    spindle and a fixed cutting tool. Instead of being controlled by physical labor, the
    movement of turret is determined by coded instructions fed to a computer.
    CNC Lathe
    A CNC lathe, or Computer Numerical Control lathe, is a machine tool used for shaping
    materials like metal, wood, or plastic by rotating them on an axis while cutting, drilling,
    or turning them with various cutting tools. The term "lathe" comes from the fact that
    the workpiece rotates, and the cutting tool moves along it to create the desired shape.
    CNC lathes are a modern and automated iteration of traditional lathes, offering precise
    and automated control over the machining process.

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    Here's a basic overview of how a CNC lathe works:


    Computer Control: The CNC lathe is equipped with a computer or controller that
    interprets a digital design file (usually in G-code format) created using CAD
    (Computer-Aided Design) software. This G-code contains instructions for the toolpath,
    tool selection, spindle speed, and feed rate.
    Workpiece Mounting: The material or workpiece to be machined is securely mounted
    in a chuck or collet, which holds it in place and allows it to rotate.
    Tool Selection: The appropriate cutting tool is selected based on the specific
    machining operation required. These tools can include turning tools, facing tools,
    grooving tools, and more.
    Toolpath Planning: The CNC controller uses the G-code instructions to plan the
    toolpath. It determines where and how the cutting tool should move to shape the
    workpiece as per the design.
    Tool Movement: The CNC lathe has motorized axes that control the tool's movement
    in multiple directions. The primary axes include:
    X-Axis: Movement along the diameter of workpiece.
    Z-Axis: Movement along the length of workpiece.
    Cutting Operation: The CNC controller precisely moves the cutting tool along the
    planned toolpath. It adjusts the speed of rotation of the workpiece (controlled by the
    spindle) and the feed rate of the tool to ensure the desired material removal and
    surface finish.
    Coolant and Chip Management: During the cutting process, a coolant is often applied
    to the workpiece to dissipate heat and improve cutting efficiency. Additionally, chips
    generated during machining are removed from the work area to prevent interference
    with the tool or workpiece.
    Monitoring and Feedback: The CNC lathe continually monitors the machining process.
    It can make real-time adjustments to ensure the desired dimensions and tolerances
    are met. Feedback mechanisms, such as encoders and sensors, provide information
    to the controller.
    Finishing and Inspection: Once the machining process is complete, the finished
    workpiece may undergo inspection to ensure it meets the required specifications.
    Additional operations like threading, knurling, or parting may also be performed as
    needed.
    Unloading and Repeat: After completion, the finished workpiece is usually removed,
    and the CNC lathe can be programmed to repeat the process for multiple parts with
    precision and consistency.

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    Layout Lab 1:

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra
    Manufacturing Processes-II Lab

    Layout Lab 2:

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    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Air University A&AC Kamra

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