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    Female Life Cycle

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    Henniwidiaa
    1. The document outlines the stages of a woman's life cycle from intrauterine development through menopause. Key stages include puberty where the ovaries are activated, adulthood characterized by regular menstrual cycles, and pre-menopause where cycles become irregular in the transition to menopause. 2. Pre-menopause typically lasts 6-8 years as a woman approaches her 40s and experiences changes in her menstrual cycle patterns and symptoms of estrogen imbalance. 3. Post-menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods between ages 50-52 as estrogen levels decline, though estrogen continues to be produced through other pathways in the body for several years post-menopause.

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    Female Life Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Henniwidiaa
    60 views24 pages
    1. The document outlines the stages of a woman's life cycle from intrauterine development through menopause. Key stages include puberty where the ovaries are activated, adulthood characterized by regular menstrual cycles, and pre-menopause where cycles become irregular in the transition to menopause. 2. Pre-menopause typically lasts 6-8 years as a woman approaches her 40s and experiences changes in her menstrual cycle patterns and symptoms of estrogen imbalance. 3. Post-menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods between ages 50-52 as estrogen levels decline, though estrogen continues to be produced through other pathways in the body for several years post-menopause.

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    1. The document outlines the stages of a woman's life cycle from intrauterine development through menopause. Key stages include puberty where the ovaries are activated, adulthood characterized by regular menstrual cycles, and pre-menopause where cycles become irregular in the transition to menopause. 2. Pre-menopause typically lasts 6-8 years as a woman approaches her 40s and experiences changes in her menstrual cycle patterns and symptoms of estrogen imbalance. 3. Post-menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods between ages 50-52 as estrogen levels decline, though estrogen continues to be produced through other pathways in the body for several years post-menopause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    60 views24 pages

    Female Life Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Henniwidiaa
    1. The document outlines the stages of a woman's life cycle from intrauterine development through menopause. Key stages include puberty where the ovaries are activated, adulthood characterized by regular menstrual cycles, and pre-menopause where cycles become irregular in the transition to menopause. 2. Pre-menopause typically lasts 6-8 years as a woman approaches her 40s and experiences changes in her menstrual cycle patterns and symptoms of estrogen imbalance. 3. Post-menopause is defined as the cessation of menstrual periods between ages 50-52 as estrogen levels decline, though estrogen continues to be produced through other pathways in the body for several years post-menopause.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    WOMAN LIFE CICLE

    Tim FK UGM
    • Risanto Siswosudarmo
    • Bagian Obsgin FK UGM
    Woman’s life cycle
    1. Intrauterine
    2. Childhood
    3. Puberty
    4. Adulthood
    5. Pre menopause
    6. Peri menopause
    7. Post menopause
    1. Intrauterine
    a. Begin at the time of fertilization when an
    oocyte is fertilized by a spermatozoon
    containing X chromosome  female zygote
    b. Female zygote doesn’t have testis
    determining factor allow primitive gonad
    develop into ovaries
    c. At the seventh weeks of embryonic life, the
    fetus contains the primordia of both female
    and male genital duct.
    d. Because ovary doesn’t have mullerian-
    inhibiting substance (MIS) allows genital
    duct develop in the female direction
    female
    Spermatozoon Ovaries Mis (-) X
    X X
    TDF (-)

    XX

    Oocyte Gonad (7) Primordial


    Genetic Ducts
    X X
    TDF (+)
    X
    XY

    Spermatozoon Testis
    Mis (+)
    Y X
    X
    male
    e. By 13-14 weeks of embryonic life, primordial
    follicles are noticeable.
    f. The maximal number a primordial follicles as
    reached at approximately 20 weeks of
    gestation, at which time six to seven millions
    are present.
    g. Subsequently, their number is gradually
    decreased by a process term atresia so that by
    the time of birth only one to two millions
    primordial follicles have survive
    2. Childhood

    pre
    fetus childhood puberty menopause

    0 10 15 300-400 ovulated
    300.000-400.000 menarche
    Primordial
    follicles
    The period between birth and puberty. By
    the time of birth only one to two million
    of primordial follicles have survive,
    continuous through out childhood and, at
    the time of puberty, 300.000-400.000
    primordial follicles are present within
    the ovaries. Of these, approximately
    300-400 will be ovulated during the
    woman’s reproductive life from
    menarche to menopause, while the
    remainder under go atresia.
    3. Puberty

    The age during which a child matures


    sexually and becomes an adult and is able
    to reproduce.
    Development of internal sex organ, external
    genitalia and sexual secondary
    characteristics.
    Activation of the ovary under the
    dependence of the hypothalamo-pituitary
    system.
    Irregular menstrual cycle
    4. Adulthood
    Interaction of organ systems
    Hipothalamus
    GnRH

    Pituitary
    FSH LH

    ovary

    Progesteron esterogen
    Regular menstrual cycle
    Cyclic hormonal stimulation of
    endometrial growth
    Average length 28 days (21-35 days)
    Divided into two phases :
    Follicular phase
    Lutheal phase
    Follicular phase
    The first part of the menstrual cycle which
    extends from day 1 to ovulation
    Characteristic :
    • A variable length.
    • A low basal temperature.
    • Development of the ovarian follicles.
    • Increase in the number of glandular and stoma
    cells of the endometrium.
    • Vascular growth of the endometrium.
    • Secretion of osterogen from the ovary.
    Luteal phase
    The second part of the menstrual cycle, which
    extends from ovulation to the onset of menses.
    Characteristic :
    • A fairly constant duration of 12 to 16 days
    (usually 12 days).
    • A basal body temperature that is elevated
    above 98oF.
    • Tortuosity of endometrial glands.
    • Marked edema of the endometrial stroma.
    • Increased secretion of progesterone by the
    ovary.
    Otak
    Otak

    ++ +_
    +_ __

    Norepinefrin
    Norepinefrin Dopamin
    Dopamin Indolamin
    Indolamin

    Hipothalamus
    Hipothalamus

    ACTH-RH
    ACTH -RH GnRH
    GnRH TRH
    TRH

    Hipofise
    Hipofise Prolactin
    Prolactin

    ACTH
    ACTH TSH
    TSH

    Glandula
    Glandula FSH
    FSH LH
    LH Glandula
    Glandula
    adrenal
    adrenal tiroid
    tiroid

    Ovarium
    Ovarium

    T3,T4
    Corticosteroid Progesteron
    Progesteron Estrogen
    Estrogen

    Androgen
    Start at
    40 years

    6-8
    years
    Post
    Pre menopause Peri menopause Menopause
    Menopasue

    •Pre menopausal Syndrome


    •Endometrial disease
    5,6. PRE MENOPAUSE AND PERI
    MENOPAUSE
    Menopause denotes the final menstrual bleeding.
    The time closest to this event is called the peri menopause’,
    before that is the pre-menopause, and after it the post-
    menopause. The pre menopause does not cover the whole of
    the woman’s life before the menopause, but merely the time
    (a) from around 40 years of age when a woman can
    reasonably be said to be approaching the menopause, or
    (when a woman feels the approach of the menopause, by
    experiencing pre menopausal irregularities in her menstrual
    cycle or other `menopausal` or `climacteric` symptoms. The
    last few years of menstrual life are usually years of varied
    patterns of short and long cycles; This periods of transition
    vary considerably in length, but usually to occupy about six
    to eight years before menopause.
    A PREMENOPAUSAL SYNDROME
    The disruption of the ovulatory mechanism and
    the imbalance between progesterone and
    estrogen establish a characteristic syndrome of
    pre menopause. Such as sweating . a certain
    amount of hot flushes. D dizziness tingling
    sensation the in the extremities. headaches.
    sleeplessness. Worry and anxiety
    • Endometrial disease
    The relative estrogen dominance at
    pre menopausal age is responsible
    for a higher than usual incidence of
    unscheduled bleeding The
    estrogen's stimulations without
    progesterone develops endometrial
    hyperplasia. and continuous
    stimulation develops atypical
    hyperplasia and then endometrial
    carcinoma
    7. POST MENOPAUSE
    A. Menstrual cycle changes

    1. changes in menstrual cycle regulatory occur


    as women progress through their forties
    2. the remaining follicles in both ovaries become
    less sensitive to gonadotropin stimulation.
    There is a resultant:
    a. Increase in follicle –stimulating hormone
    (FSH)
    b. Reduction in estrogen concentration
    3. The limited follicle maturation leads to either
    a decreased cycle interval or lapses of cycles
    with oligomenorrhea
    B. The Cessation of Menses
    1. The menses usually cease between
    the ages of 50 and 52 years. The
    reduced level of estrogen from the
    remaining follicles is no longer
    sufficient to induced endometrial
    proliferative changes capable of
    producing visible menstruation.
    2. FSH levels rise 10- to 20-fold
    above usual cycle levels.
    C. Circulating Estrogen in Postmenopausal
    Women

    1. Estrogenic activity is evident for many years


    after the menopause but at much reduced
    levels.
    2. Estrone, the principal estrogen in a
    postmenopausal woman, is produced from the
    androgen precursor, androstenedione, via
    extraglandular and extrahepatic aromatization.
    a. Most of the androstenedione comes from
    adrenal gland.
    b. Ovarian stroma secretes androstenedione for
    a short time before that tissue becomes
    quiescent
    3. Obesity is a factor in postmenopausal estrogen
    levels.
    a. In Obese women, there is an increased
    conversion of androstenedione to estrone.
    b. The conversion reflect the ability of fat cells
    to aromatize androgens.

    4. The extraglandular source of estrogen is


    sustained for several years and maintains
    reasonably normal function of such estrogen-
    dependent tissues as breasts, urethra, vagina and
    vulva.
    Reference

    ADT Govan, Colin Hodge,Robin Callander,Gynecology


    Illustrated, Churchill Livingstone Edunbary, London Melbourne,
    New York, 1985, 124-127.

    Vesna Dramusic, SS Ratnam, Clinical Approach to Paediatric and


    Adolescent Gynaecology, Oxford University Press Singapore,
    1998, 1-11.

    William W.Beck VR,Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harval


    Publishing Company, Pensylvania, 1986, 189-195.

    Allan Rossenfield and Mahmud F. Futhaha, The FIGO. Manual of


    Human Reproduction Vol.I Reproductive The Trustee of
    Columbia University,New York, 1990, 22-54.

    PA Van Keep, VH Utian, A.Vermulan, The Controversial


    Climateric, MTP Press Limited, Lancaster The Hague, 1985, 1-9.

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