Cell Selection and Reselection

GSM RF OPTIMIZATION
BASICS
www.huawei.com
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

GSM
Contents
1. Introduction to RF Optimization
2. Coverage and Quality Analysis
3. Derive Test Cases and TA
4. Summary
Introduction to RF Optimization
• Radio Frequency Optimization is process through which different

Process of changing soft(CRO,Power,etc) and hard(Azimuth and Tilt)of
BTS in order to improve coverage area and quality of the signal
In GSM Technology it is highly required to:
• Control Signal Level Coverage(Rx Level)

• Control Interference
• Control HO(Dedicated mode) and CRO(idle mode) factors( based on
DT)
Page 3
Introduction to RF Optimization
• Some KPI Thresholds
Parameter Threshold Remarks

Rxlevel >-90dBm
Rx Quality 0 to 4
CSSR >98%
CDR <0.2%
CSHO >98%
Average MOS >3
call set up
time <4ms
• Depends on scenarios(Urban,suburban and rural)
Page 4
GSM
Contents
2. Coverage , Quality and Other Network Issues
3. Drive Test Cases, and TA
4. Summary
Coverage , Quality and Other Network Issues
• Issues faced while network performance analysis
• Coverage problem
• Lack of dominant server
• Sudden decrease on signal level
• Cell overshooting
• Cross feeder
• Missing Neighbor Relation
Page 6
• Coverage Issue
• Weak signal can be caused by attenuation of the signal due
to long distance travel or path loss.
Solution:
• New site proposal
• Sector Addition
• Repeater
• Antenna parameter adjustment(azimuth and tilt)
• Loss or attenuation check(feeder ,connectors jumpers etc)
Page 7
• Lack of Dominant Server

• More than one signals of strength from different cells
with little margin can be reaching a spot causing Ping
pong handovers.
Solution:
• Antenna parameter adjustment(azimuth and Tilt)
• Increase Tx Power of the cell needed to be dominant. Decrease
others.
Page 8
• Sudden Decrease of signal strength

• This could be caused by blockage or scatterers
Solution:
• Increase Tx Power of the cell.
Page 9
• Overshooting cells
• When site cell serves from far (bigger TA)can cause bigger
level co-channel interference (if same band) causing poor
Rx quality
Solution:
• Decrease Tx Power of the cell.
Page 10
• Cross feeder problem

• When the feeder cables of two different sectors completely
crossed. It causes a lot of HO failures and call drops
Solution:
• Exchange the feeder cables so that all sectors serves in the right
direction.
Page 11
• Missing Neighbors
• A good handover candidate in the neighbor list can be
noticed but HO will not take place and call will drop.Note
that optimum of neighbor cell lists save BS and MS
transmission power.
Solution:
• Exchange the feeder cables so that all sectors serves in the right
direction.
Page 12
GSM
Contents
3. Derive Test Cases and TA

4. Summary
Cross Feeder Analysis
• When different sectors serving direction is swapped as
shown below, the feeder cable is crossed.
The feeder connection has been shifted clockwise direction as shown

in the above figure.
Change the CPRI cable for DCS anti-clockwise to solve the cross
connection (i.e. Sector 3 to sector 2, sector 2 to sector 1 and
sector 1 to sector 3).
Page 14
Call Setup Failure Due to Poor Coverage
• call set up failures shown below has occurred due to weak

coverage. The area is covered with dense forest and also no
site for road coverage
• Adding GSM site for the coverage will resolve the coverage issue.
Page 15
Call Drop due to Poor Coverage
• The above events has occurred due to poor coverage from
site 111440. this is due to mountain blockage. The UE
sent many MRs but no response from the network since the
link has broken.
• adding new site in the weak coverage area will

resolve this issue
Page 16
Hand over failure due to poor quality
• The serving site 111402G1 is serving from far location and
this caused abnormal release due to time out.TA=3
•111059G2 and 111036G1 are not neighbors for the serving

cell since far cells. Hence limiting the coverage for
111402G1 will solve the problem.
Page 17
BCCH Interference
• If frequency not planned properly, interference will occur
between same frequency band. Red arrow is interfering BCCH
and Green ones are proper. Same for TCH also
• Needs to check frequency planning if proper or not.Note

that interference can be: Adjacent channel, co-channel and
intermodulation Page 18
Time Advance(TA)
• Main purpose is to allows GSM BTS to control signal delays in their

communication with the mobile (for sync and other purposes).Transmited
in SACCH
• Overshooting Sites Coverage can be optimized using TA.
• For TA_0 the MS is between 0 and 550 meters from BTS.
• For TA 1 0 to 1100m
•………………
• For TA>63 is 35km(max)
Example
M Tilt 90% TA 90% TA
Sector Before M Tilt After before(m) after(m)
112142_
G1 2 6 7150 4950
Before After Page 19

GSM
Contents
3. Derive Test cases and TA
4. Summary
4. Summary
• Neighbour definition is prior importance in GSM network

for timely handover in order to keep signal coverage and
quality at good level.
• Handovers can take place based on signal level, signal
quality, Load and other factors(ex. UL HO RX level margin
is 10 and HO DL margin is 20 for Huawai algo. 1.)
• CRO usually set not more than 25dB. Reasonable setting of
this value reduce frequent cell reselection.
• Frequency Planning is very important in GSM for Good
network performance.
Page 21
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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GSM RF OPTIMIZATION

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. Huawei Confidential

2. Coverage and Quality Analysis

3. Derive Test Cases and TA

• Radio Frequency Optimization is process through which different

In GSM Technology it is highly required to:

• Control Signal Level Coverage(Rx Level)

Parameter Threshold Remarks

• Depends on scenarios(Urban,suburban and rural)

2. Coverage , Quality and Other Network Issues

3. Drive Test Cases, and TA

• Issues faced while network performance analysis

• Lack of Dominant Server

• Sudden Decrease of signal strength

• Cross feeder problem

2. Coverage and Quality Analysis

3. Derive Test Cases and TA

The feeder connection has been shifted clockwise direction as shown

• call set up failures shown below has occurred due to weak

• adding new site in the weak coverage area will

•111059G2 and 111036G1 are not neighbors for the serving

• Needs to check frequency planning if proper or not.Note

• Main purpose is to allows GSM BTS to control signal delays in their

Before After Page 19

2. Coverage and Quality Analysis

3. Derive Test cases and TA

• Neighbour definition is prior importance in GSM network

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