Marketing Strategy: 8 Identifying Market Segments and Targets

MARKETING STRATEGY
8
Identifying Market
Segments and Targets
Process of Market Segmentation
1. Market Segmentation
2. Target Marketing
3. Differentiation and Positioning
4. Positioning for Competitive
Advantage
8-2
Market Segmentation
Market segmentation is the process that

companies use to divide large
heterogeneous markets into small markets
that can be reached more efficiently and
effectively with products and services that
match their unique needs
8-3
Market Segmentation
• Segmenting consumer markets

• Segmenting business markets
• Segmenting international markets
• Requirements for effective segmentation
8-4
The Segmentation Process
 Defining the market

 Identifying the best market segmentation
criteria
 Applying the segmentation criteria and
dividing the market
 Analyzing and understanding the profile of
the priority consumer segment
8-5
Effective Targeting Requires…
 Identify and profile distinct groups of

buyers who differ in their needs and
preferences.
 Select one or more market segments to
enter.
 Establish and communicate the distinctive
benefits of the market offering.
8-6
Four Levels of Micromarketing
 Segments
 Niches – more narrowly defined customer
group
 Local areas - neighborhoods
 Individuals
8-7
Segment Marketing
Targeting a group of customers

who share a similar set of
needs and wants ( e.g. young middle
income buyers
who are looking for an expensive car).
8-8
Customerization
Combines operationally driven
mass customization with customized
marketing in a way that empowers
consumers to design the
product and service offering
of their choice.
(e.g. the firm provides a platform, tools
And rents out to customers the means
To design their own product – DIY, IKEA)
8-9
Segmenting Consumer Markets
 Geographic units – territories
 Demographic – age and life cycle, gender,
income
 Psychographic – personality, life-style –
activities, values
 Behavioral – occasions, benefits, user
status, usage rate, loyalty, attitudes
8-10
Demographic Segmentation
Demographic segmentation is the most popular
segmentation method because consumer needs, wants,
and usage often vary closely with demographic variables
and are easier to measure than other types of variables
 Age and Life Cycle

 Life Stage
 Gender
 Income
 Generation
 Social Class
8-11
Demographic Segmentation-
Segmenting Consumer Markets
Age and life-cycle stage segmentation is
the process of offering different products
or using different marketing approaches
for different age and life-cycle groups
Income segmentation divides the market
into affluent or low-income consumers
Gender segmentation divides the market
based on sex (male or female)
8-12
Behavioral Segmentation
 Decision Roles  Behavioral Variables
 Initiator  Occasions
 Influencer  Benefits
 Decider  User Status
 Buyer  Usage Rate
 User  Buyer-Readiness
 Loyalty Status
 Attitude
8-13
Decision Roles
 Initiator: The person who brings up the idea or

identifies the need.
 Influencer: The person who influences the outcome
of the decision. Some people may be more
motivated than others to get involved, and are more
powerful to convince others of their choice.
 Decider: The person who decides on any
component of the purchase; when, what, how, who.
 Buyer: The person who actually makes the
purchase.
 User: The person who winds up using the product or
service.
8-14
• Behavioral segmentation divides buyers
into groups based on their knowledge,
attitudes, uses, or responses to a product
• Occasion
• Benefits sought
• User status
• Usage rate
• Loyalty status
8-15
• Occasion segmentation divides buyers into groups
according to occasions when they get the idea to buy,
actually make purchases, or respond to a product e.g.
buying an air ticket
• Benefit segmentation requires finding the major
benefits people look for in the product class, the kinds
of people who look for each benefit, and the major
brands that deliver each benefit e.g. buying a
toothpaste
• User status divides buyers into ex-users, potential
users, first-time users, and regular users of a product
8-16
• Buyer-Readiness a market consists of people in
different stages of readiness to buy the product;
unaware, aware, informed, interested, desire or
intend to buy the product
• Usage rate divides buyers into light, medium, and
heavy product users
• Loyalty status divides buyers into groups according
to their degree of loyalty
• Attitude different attitude groups can be found in a
market; enthusiastic, positive, indifferent, negative
and hostile
8-17
Steps in Segmentation Process
 Needs-based segmentation
 Segment identification
 Segment attractiveness
 Segment profitability
 Segment positioning
 Marketing mix strategy
8-18
Effective Segmentation Criteria
 Measurable: examples include the size, purchasing

power, and profiles of the segments
 Substantial: refers to the fact that the markets are large
and profitable enough to serve
 Accessible: refers to the fact that the market can be
effectively reached and served
 Differentiable: refers to the fact that the markets are
conceptually distinguishable and respond differently to
marketing mix elements and programs
 Actionable: refers to the fact that effective programs can
be designed for attracting and serving the segments
8-19
Market Targeting - Evaluating Market Segments
• Segment structural attractiveness

• Competition
• Substitute products
• Power of buyers
• Power of suppliers
8-20
Market Targeting - Evaluating Market
Segments
• Company objectives and resources

• Competitive advantage
• Availability of resources
• Consistent with company objectives
8-21
Market Targeting - Selecting Target Market
Segments
• Undifferentiated marketing
• Differentiated marketing
• Concentrated marketing
• Micromarketing
8-22
Market Targeting - Selecting Target
Market Segments
• Undifferentiated marketing targets the

whole market with one offer
• Mass marketing
• Focuses on common needs rather than what’s
different
8-23
Market Segments
• Differentiated marketing targets several

different market segments and designs
separate offers for each
• Goal is to achieve higher sales and stronger
position
• More expensive than undifferentiated
marketing
8-24
Market Segments
• Concentrated marketing targets a small

share of a large market
• Limited company resources
• Knowledge of the market
• More effective and efficient
8-25
Market Segments
• Micromarketing is the practice of tailoring

products and marketing programs to suit
the tastes of specific individuals and
locations
• Local marketing
• Individual marketing
8-26
Market Targeting
Selecting Target Market Segments
• Local marketing
• Challenges:
• Increased manufacturing and marketing costs
• Less economy of scale
• Logistics
8-27
Market Targeting
 Individual marketing involves tailoring

products and marketing programs to the
needs and preferences of individual
customers
• Also known as:
• One-to-one marketing
• Mass customization
• Markets-of-one marketing
8-28
Market Targeting
• Mass customization is the process through
which firms interact one-to-one with masses of
customers to design products and services
tailor-made to meet individual needs. Has made
relationships with customers important in the
new economy.
• Provides a way to distinguish the company
against competitors
8-29
Market Targeting –
Choosing a Targeting Strategy
 Depends on:
• Company resources
• Product variability
• Product life-cycle stage
• Market variability
• Competitor’s marketing strategies
8-30
Differentiation and Positioning
• Product position is the way the product is

defined by consumers on important attributes—
the place the product occupies in consumers’
minds relative to competing products
• Perceptions
• Impressions
• Feelings
• Positioning maps show consumer perceptions
of their brands versus competing products on
important buying dimensions
8-31
Choosing a Differentiation and Positioning

Strategy
• Identifying a set of possible competitive

advantages to build a position
• Choosing the right competitive advantages
• Selecting an overall positioning strategy
8-32
Choosing a Differentiation and Positioning Strategy
• Identifying a set of possible competitive advantages to

build a position by providing superior value from:
• Product differentiation
• Service differentiation
• Channels
• People
• Image
8-33
Identifying Possible Value Differences and

Competitive Advantage
 Competitive Advantage is the advantage over

competitors gained by offering greater value
either through lower prices or by providing more
benefits that justify higher prices
8-34

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MARKETING STRATEGY

Market segmentation is the process that

• Segmenting consumer markets

 Defining the market

 Identify and profile distinct groups of

Targeting a group of customers

 Age and Life Cycle

 Initiator: The person who brings up the idea or

 Measurable: examples include the size, purchasing

• Segment structural attractiveness

• Company objectives and resources

• Undifferentiated marketing targets the

• Differentiated marketing targets several

• Concentrated marketing targets a small

• Micromarketing is the practice of tailoring

 Individual marketing involves tailoring

• Product position is the way the product is

Choosing a Differentiation and Positioning

• Identifying a set of possible competitive

Choosing a Differentiation and Positioning Strategy

• Identifying a set of possible competitive advantages to

Identifying Possible Value Differences and

 Competitive Advantage is the advantage over

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