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    Week 9 - Data Gathering

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    Raymond Ramirez

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    Week 9 - Data Gathering

    Uploaded by

    Raymond Ramirez
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    Week 9 - Data gathering

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    30 views20 pages

    Week 9 - Data Gathering

    Uploaded by

    Raymond Ramirez

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Data Gathering

    Human and Computer Interaction

    Week 9
    Learning Goals and Standard
    At the end of the Lesson the learners will able to:

    • Discuss how to plan and run a successful data gathering program.


    • Enable you to plan and run an interview.
    • Enable you to design a simple questionnaire.
    • Enable you to plan and carry out an observation.
    Five key issues
    1. Setting goals
    • Decide how to analyze data once collected
    2. Identifying participants
    • Decide who to gather data from
    3. Relationship with participants
    • Clear and professional
    • Informed consent when appropriate
    4. Triangulation
    • Look at data from more than one perspective
    5. Pilot studies
    • Small trial of main study
    Data Recording
    • Notes, audio, video, photographs

    • Notes plus photographs


    • Audio plus photographs
    • Video
    Interviews
    • Unstructured
    - are not directed by a script. Rich but not replicable.

    • Structured
    - are tightly scripted, often like a questionnaire. Replicable but may lack richness.

    • Semi-structured
    - guided by a script but interesting issues can be explored in more depth. Can provide a
    good balance between richness and replicability.

    • Focus groups
    - 3-10 people led by a trained facilitator. Allows diverse & sensitive issues to be raised.
    Preset agenda, but flexible. Recorded for analysis.
    Interview questions
    • Two types: • Avoid:
    • Closed questions: • Long questions
    • Compound sentences - split
    • have a predetermined answer
    format, e.g., ‘yes’ or ‘no’ them into two
    • Jargon and language that the
    • are easier to analyse
    interviewee may not
    • (b) Open questions: understand
    • do not have a predetermined • Leading questions that make
    format assumptions e.g., why do you
    like …?
    • Unconscious biases e.g.,
    gender stereotypes
    Planning the interview
    • Develop the set of questions

    • Check in advance to ensure that recording equipment works

    • Know how to use the equipment

    • Work out the structure of the interview

    • Organise a suitable time & place


    Running the interview
    • Introduction
    – introduce yourself, explain the goals of the interview, reassure about the
    ethical issues, ask to record, present any informed consent form.
    • Warm-up
    – make first questions easy and non-threatening.
    • Main body
    – present questions in a logical order
    • A cool-off period
    – include a few easy questions to defuse tension at the end
    • Closure
    – thank interviewee, signal the end, e.g. switch recorder off.
    Enriching the interview process
    • Props - devices for prompting interviewee, e.g., a prototype, scenario
    Questionnaires
    • Questions can be closed or open
    • Closed questions:
    are easier to analyze, and
    may be done by computer
    • Open questions:
    difficult to analyze, and
    need more human intervention
    • Questionnaires can be administered to large populations
    • Paper, email and the web used for dissemination
    • Sampling can be a problem when the size of a population is unknown
    (as is common online)
    Encouraging a good response
    • Make sure purpose of study is clear
    • Promise anonymity
    • Ensure questionnaire is well designed
    • Offer a short version for those who do not have time to complete a long
    questionnaire
    • If mailed, include a stamped addressed envelope
    • Follow-up with emails, phone calls, letters
    • Provide an incentive
    • 40% response rate is high, 20% is often acceptable
    Advantages and Disadvantages of online
    questionnaires
    Advantage
    • Responses are usually received quickly
    • No copying and postage costs
    • Data can be collected in database for analysis
    • Time required for data analysis is reduced
    • Errors can be corrected easily
    Disadvantages
    • Sampling is problematic if population size is unknown
    • Preventing individuals from responding more than once
    • Individuals have also been known to change questions in email questionnaires
    Observation
    • Direct observation in the field
    • Structuring frameworks
    • Degree of participation (insider or outsider)
    • Ethnography
    • Direct observation in controlled environments
    • Usability lab
    • Think-aloud technique?
    • Indirect observation: tracking users’ activities
    • Diaries
    • Interaction logging
    Ethnography
    • Ethnography is a philosophy with a set of techniques that include
    participant observation and interviews
    • A researcher’s degree of participation can vary along a scale from
    ‘outside’ to ‘inside’
    • Co-operation of people being observed is required
    • Reports usually contain examples
    Online Ethnography
    • Virtual, Online, Netnography
    • Online and offline activity
    • Interaction online differs from face-to-face
    • Virtual worlds have a persistence that physical worlds do not
    have
    • Ethical considerations and presentation issues are different
    Direct observation in a controlled
    environment

    • Think-aloud technique
    • Indirect observation
    • Diaries
    • Interaction logs
    • Web analytics
    Choosing and combining techniques

    Depends on
    • The focus of the study
    • The participants involved
    • The nature of the technique
    • The resources available
    Integration

    What is your Goal in Life?


    Is the plan that you have
    been created is suited on
    your goal? Is God Part of
    your Plan in achieving your
    Goal in Life?
    Assessment
    a. Go to https://wordpress.com/ and create a new blog.
    b. On your new site, upload an original funny or interesting story, image, or video that
    you think others would be interested in
    viewing, making sure that your post does not violate a copyright.
    c. Promote your site on social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter and encourage
    your peers and family to help you.
    d. Each day at the same time (e.g. 10am), record the number of people who have visited
    your blog and the regions visitors came from. Make a chart that shows how these
    analytics changed over the 7-day period.
    e. Analyze your success. How many users were you able to attract? What days attracted
    the most views? Where did your viewers come from? Based on the analytics data, think
    about what you could do in the future to attract more visitors.
    REFERENCES
    • HCI: Fundamentals and Practice, CRC Press, 2018-2019
    • INTERACTION DESIGN beyond human–computer interaction
    Fourth Edition , John Wi l ey & Sons Ltd, The Atr i um, Southern
    Gate, Chi chester , West Sussex , PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom
    Copyright © 2015

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