Detail Study of Hydroelectric

Power Plant
HYDROELECTRIC SCHEMES

HISTORY
1. MAN KIND KNEW ABOUT WIND AND
WATER POWER SINCE BEGINNING

2. FIRST COMMERCIAL HEP – 200KW IN

1881 IN USA ON RIVER NIAGARA

3. 130 KW – AT DARJEELING, INDIA IN

1897
 Hydropower – Pros and Cons

Positive Negative
Emissions-free, with virtually no CO2, NOX, Frequently involves impoundment of large
SOX, hydrocarbons, or particulates amounts of water with loss of habitat due to
land inundation
Renewable resource with high conversion Variable output – dependent on rainfall and
efficiency to electricity (80+%) snowfall
Dispatchable with storage capacity Impacts on river flows and aquatic ecology,
including fish migration and oxygen
depletion
Usable for base load, peaking and pumped Social impacts of displacing indigenous
storage applications people
Scalable from 10 KW to 20,000 MW Health impacts in developing countries

Low operating and maintenance costs High initial capital costs

Long lifetimes Long lead time in construction of large

projects
 How Hydropower Works!
• Hydrologic
cycle
• The primary way in which water is transported
from the atmosphere to the Earth’s surface is
through precipitation. Precipitation can be rain,
snow, hail, sleet or freezing rain. Precipitation
amounts vary in geographical locations, due to
influences of topography.
 Runoff
• It is the movement of water to the ocean by
lakes, rivers and streams. Precipitation that does
not evaporate, transpire or become groundwater,
returns to the ocean. Excess runoff can also
cause flooding, when too much precipitation
occurs.
 Hydraulic Machines

• Machines which converts hydraulic

energy( energy possessed by water) into
mechanical energy( which is further
converted into electrical energy)
 Hydropower to Electric Power

Electrical
Potential Energy
Energy
Electricity

Kinetic
Energy

Mechanical
Energy
 How Hydropower Works!
(ctd…)
• Water from the
reservoir flows due
to gravity to drive
the turbine.
• Turbine is
connected to a
generator.
• Power generated is
transmitted over
power lines.
TYPICAL HYDRO PLANT
TYPICAL HYDRO LAYOUT
 Classification of Hydroelectric
Plants
The Classification may be based upon
a)Quantity of Water Available
b)Available head
c) Nature of load
a)Quantity of Water Available
1. RUN OF THE RIVER Plant without
pondage
2. R-O-R WITH SMALL PONDAGE
3. STORAGE TYPE (Reservoir Plant)-MULTI
PURPOSE – POWER + IRRIGATION +
 RUN-OFF THE RIVER PLANT
WITHOUT PONDAGE
• It does not store water
• It uses water as it comes
• Generation of power is done when water is
available
• Generation of power is not done when
water is not available
• Its generating capacity is dependent on
rate of flow of water.
 R-O-R WITH SMALL PONDAGE
 It increases the usefullness of Run-Off River
plant by pondage
 Pondage permits storage of water during off
period& use of this water during peak periods.
 Its generating capacity is less dependent on rate
of flow of water
 This type of plant is more reliable than that of
RUN-OFF THE RIVER PLANT WITHOUT PONDAGE
 STORAGE TYPE (Reservoir
Plant)-
• A Storage( Reservoir) plant is that which has a
reservoir of such size as to permit carrying over
storage from wet season to the next dry season.
• Water is stored behind the dam and is available
to the plant with control as required.
• Such type of plant has better capacity &
can be used efficiently throughout the
year.
 b)Available head
• High Head Plant • >300 m
• Medium Head Plant • 30-300 m
• Low Head Plant
• < 30 m
 Types of Hydroelectric
Installation

Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, 2003

 HEAD CALCULATION
• Avg. Gross Head = MDDL + 2/3 (FRL - MDDL)
-TWL(ALL Units Running)

• Rated/Net Head = Avg. Gross Head - Head

Loss

• Max. Gross Head = FRL - min TWL

 HEAD CALCULATION

• Max. Net Head = Max. Gross Head-Head

Loss

• Min. Gross Head = MDDL - TWL(ALL Units

Running)
Min. Net Head = Min. Gross Head - Head
Loss
 EFFECTIVE HEAD OR NET
HEAD

•FOR PELTON

H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) - TCL - Head

loss

•FOR FRANCIS AND KAPLAN

H = MDDL+ 2/3(FRL -MDDL) - TWL - Head
loss
 c) Nature of load

• Base Load Plant

• Peak Load Plant
 Base Load Plant
• It caters to power demand at base of the
load curve
• It operates continuously at a constant or
nearly constant power
• It operates at high load factor
 Peak Load Plant

• It is designed for the purpose of operating

to supply the peak load of power system.
 Pumped Storage Plant

• These plants are used

when quantity of water
available for generation
of power is otherwise
insufficient.
• There are two ponds
• a) Head water pond
• b) Tail water pond
• Water after passing
through the turbine is
stored in the tail-race
View of a Hydro Unit
COMPONENT OF POWER HOUSE
    BUS   SWITCH
GOVERNOR GENERATOR DUCT GSU YARD

SPIRAL
  CASING &      
PENSTOCK WICKET GATE TURBINE DRAFT TUBE TAIL RACE
Governor
 Generator

Air Gap
Stator

Rotor
Cooler

Thrust Bearings
 Stator Core

 Made up of Silicon Steel laminated sheet with high permeability and

low hystersis & eddy current losses
 Stator Winding
 windings are copper conductors which carries the generated voltage.
 Rotor
It carries magnetic pole
& is revolved by
turbine, resulting in
power generation in
stator.
Rotor
 Pole
• Pole are mounted on
rotor and It fulfills the Dovetail keys
need of a rotating
magnetic field
Core

Damper Bars
 Slip Rings

•Slip rings are installed on rotor to

transfer the field current from the
external excitation equipment to
the field winding.
•The current flows through the
stationary carbon brushes to the
rotating slip rings, through
insulated bars mounted in the
hollow shaft and to the pole coil
connections.
 Guide Pads
GENERATOR
To restrict the radial
movement of machine.
Segmented type guide bearing assembly
WATER POWER FORMULA

• P MW =(9.81 x Q x H x t x g )/1000
Where ,
Q = Discharge in m3/s
H = Head in metre
t x g =Overall efficiency

• N=(Ns x H 1.25)/(Pt 0.5)

Where, Pt=Turbine output
Ns = Specific speed
 HYDROELECTRIC SCHEMES
MAIN COMPONENTS
1. DAM OR BARRAGE
2. HYDRO MACHANICAL EQUIPMENT
3. INTAKE STRUCTURE
4. HEAD RACE TUNNEL OR OPEN CHANNEL
5. PENSTOCKS
6. MAIN INLET VALVES
7. POER HOUSE INCLUDING TURBINES, GENERATORS
8. TAILRACE TUNNEL
 DIVERSION STUCTURE
POWER INTAKE

ER
I V
R
POWER CHANNEL

FOREBAY PENSTOCK
FALL
POWER HOUSE

TAIL RACE
POOL

POWER CHANNEL DEVELOPMENT

FIGURE-1
 DIVERSION STUCTURE
POWER INTAKE

ER
I V
R
HEAD RACE
TUNNEL
FALL

SURGE SHAFT POWER HOUSE

TAIL RACE
POOL

POWER TUNNEL DEVELOPMENT

FIGURE-2
 RESERVOIR

RIVE
DAM TOP ROAD
SPILLWAY

R
POWER
HOUSE
TAIL RACE
CHANNEL
DAM TOE DEVELOPMENT
FIGURE-3
 Dams
Dams are structures built over rivers to stop th
orm a reservoir.The reservoir stores the water f
iver. This water is diverted to turbines in pow
ams collect water during the rainy season an
llowing for a steady flow through the turbine
ear. Dams are also used for controlling floods a
ams should be water-tight and should be able
ressure exerted by the water on it. There are
ams such as arch dams, gravity dams and bu
eight of water in the dam is calle
Images of Dam & Reservoir

River

Dam

Reservoi
r
Image No 2 of Dam & Reservoir
Image No 3 of Dam & Reservoir
 Nanak Matta Temple

tta
Structure of Dam
Crest Down stream
Upstream
Spillway
MWL
Max. level (inside dam)

NWL
Normal
water level

Free board
Sluice way

Gallery

Heel
Toe
• Heel: contact with the ground on the upstream side

• Toe: contact on the downstream side

• Abutment: Sides of the valley on which the structure of the dam rest

• Galleries: small rooms like structure left within the dam for checkin
operations.

• Diversion tunnel: Tunnels are constructed for diverting water before th

construction of dam. This helps in keeping the river bed dry.

• Spillways: It is the arrangement near the top to release the excess water o
the reservoir to downstream side

• Sluice way: An opening in the dam near the ground level, which is used t
clear the silt accumulation in the reservoir side.
TYPES OF DAMS
• Gravity Dams:
Reservoir • These dams are
Force heavy and massive
wall-like structures of
concrete in which the
whole weight acts
vertically downwards

As the entire load is transmitted on the small area of foundation, such

dams are constructed where rocks are competent and stable.
 • Bhakra Dam is the highest
Concrete Gravity dam in
Asia and Second Highest
in the world.

• Bhakra Dam is across

river Sutlej in Himachal
Pradesh

• The construction of this

project was started in the
year 1948 and was
completed in 1963 .

• It is 740 ft. high above the deepest foundation as straight concrete dam being more than three times
the height of Qutab Minar.
• Length at top 518.16 m (1700 feet); Width at base 190.5 m (625 feet), and at the top is 9.14 m (30
feet)
• Bhakra Dam is the highest Concrete Gravity dam in Asia and Second Highest in the world.
Buttress
Dam:
• Buttress Dam – Is a
gravity dam reinforced
by structural supports
• Buttress - a support
that transmits a force
from a roof or wall to
another supporting
structure

This type of structure can be considered even if the foundation

rocks are little weaker
Arch Dams:
• These type of dams are
concrete or masonry dams
which are curved or convex
upstream in plan

• This shape helps to transmit

the major part of the water
load to the abutments

• Arch dams are built across

narrow, deep river gorges,
but now in recent years
they have been
considered even for little
wider valleys.
Earth
Dams:
• They are trapezoidal in
shape
• Earth dams are
constructed where the
foundation or the
underlying material or
rocks are weak to support
the masonry dam or
where the suitable
competent rocks are at
greater depth.
• Earthen dams are
relatively smaller in height
and broad at the base
• They are mainly built with
clay, sand and gravel,
hence they are also
known as Earth fill dam or
Rock fill dam
 WEIR & BARRAGE
• THE WEIR IS A SOLID OBSTRUCTION PUT
ACROSS THE RIVER TO RAISE ITS WATER
LEVEL AND DIVERT THE WATER INTO THE
CANAL.
• THE FUNCTION OF BARRAGE IS SIMILAR TO
THAT OF A WEIR, BUT THE HEADING UP OF
WATER IS EFFECTED BY THE GATES ONLY.
NO SOLID OBSTRUCTION IS PUT ACROSS
THE RIVER. THE CREST LEVEL IN THE
BARRAGE IS KEPT AT A LOW LEVEL.
 HYDRAULIC DIFFERENCE
BETWEEN BARRAGE & DAM
BARRAGE DAM
• Very little or no pondage is Some pondage i.e. (FRL-MDDL) is
available. generally available.
• Crest is invariably at the Crest is generally raised above the
riverbed level. riverbed level.
• Gated part forms the entire Gated part forms a part of the total
length of the structure. length of the structure.
• Discharge intensity is low & Discharge intensity is high thus more
& thus less damage to d/s area. damage to downstream area.
 Intake Structure

Re
se
rv
oir Intake
 Head Race Tunnel

Concrete
Tunnel

Intake
Open Power Channel
 FUNCTIONS OF SURGE TANK
Surge tanks are tanks connected to the
water conductor system. It serves the
purpose of reducing water hammering in
pipes which can cause damage to pipes.
The sudden surges of water in penstock is
taken by the surge tank, and when the
water requirements increase, it supplies
the collected water thereby regulating
water flow and pressure inside the
penstock.
Image of Surge Tank

Surge Tank
Surge
Tank

Surge Shaft
Surge Shaft

Penstock
Image 2 of Surge Tank

Surge
Tank

Penstock
 SURGE SHAFT
Factors affecting the layout of Surge-Shaft are:

 Discharge through the Water Conductor System

 Various components of the Water Conductor System

 Transient flow conditions in the Water Conductor System

 Length of the Water Conductor System

 Turbo-generator and relief-valve mechanism

 Ground topography and Geology

 SPILLWAY

A spillway as the name suggests could be called as

way for spilling of water from dams. It is  used to
provide for the release of flood water from a dam
is used to prevent over toping of the dams which
could result in damage or failure of  dams. Spillw
could be controlled type or uncontrolled type. The
uncontrolled types start releasing water upon wat
rising above a particular level. But in case of the
controlled type, regulation of flow is possible.
 SURGE TANK

UNSTEADY UPSURGE
HYDROSTATIC LEVEL
RESERVOIR STEADY STATE

PENSTOCK

PRESSURE TUNNEL

SURGE TANK SYSTEM

FIGURE-1
 SURGE TANK

GATE GROOVE MAX SURGE LEVEL

STEADY STATE LEVEL

RESERVOIR
MIN SURGE LEVEL

MAIN INLET
INTAKE PRESSURE TUNNEL VALVE
TAILRACE
PRESSURE SHAFT

TURBINE

EXCAVATED SURGE TANK

FIGURE-2
RESERVOIR DAM
SURGE TANK
LOW
GRA TURBINE
PEN DIEN
STO T
INTAKE CK/H
RT
TAILRACE
HIGH GRADIENT
PENSTOCK
VALVE

FREE STANDING SURGE TANK

FIGURE-3
 UPSTREAM SURGE SHAFT

HYDROSTATIC LEVEL
DOWNSTREAM
STEADY STATE LEVEL SURGE SHAFT
RESER-
VOIR PRESSURE SHAFT AIR VENT

LOW PRESSURE
CONDUIT

TAILRACE TUNNEL
UNDERGROUND POWER HOUSE

U/S AND D/S SURGE TANK SYSTEM

FIGURE-4
 PENSTOCK

• Penstocks are pipes which carry water from

the reservoir to the turbines inside power
station. They are usually made of  steel and
are equipped with gate systems.Water under
high pressure flows through the penstock. A
tunnel serves the same purpose as a
penstock. It is used when an obstruction is
present between the dam and power station
such as a mountain.
 Image of Penstock

Surge Tank Surge

Tank

Surge Shaft
Surge Shaft
 DECIDING THE POWER HOUSE
LAYOUT
Depending upon the topography and geology
of the area power house can be located on
surface or underground or as a semi
underground power house.

 Surface power house

 Underground power house

 Semi underground or shaft power house

 Hydraulic Turbine

• Hydraulic turbine convert hydraulic energy

of water into mechanical energy which is
further converted into electrical energy.
This energy obtained is known as Hydro-
Electric Power, which is one of the
cheapest form of energy generation.
 HYDRAULIC TURBINE

(B A S E D O N F L O W )

A X IA L M IX E D T A N G E N T IA L F L O W
(R A D IA L + A X IA L F L O W

KAPLAN F R A N C IS PELTO N
OPERATING RANGE OF TURBINES

TURBINE SPECIFIC HEAD

TYPE SPEED (m)
(m-kW)
PELTON 10-60 2000-400

FRANCIS 60-400 650-30

KAPLAN 220-1000 75-3

BULB Less than

15m
 SPECIFIC SPEED
Specific speed is defined as the speed
in revolutions per minute at which a
turbine would run at the best efficiency
for full guide-vane/nozzle opening under
a head of one unit and its dimensions
having been adjusted to produce unit
power output.
Mathematical expression,
NS= N * (P1/2/H5/4)
Where, N= Shaft speed in rpm, H=
Rated head in m, P= Rated output on
kW
 C O M P A R IS O N

IM P U L S E R E A C T IO N

-HIGH HEAD -MEDIUM AND LOW

HEAD
-LOW DISCHARGE
-MEDIUM & HIGH
-TCL ABOUT TAILRACE
DISCHARGE
-WORKS AT ATM
-TCL IS SUBMERGED
PRESSURE
-WORKS BELOW ATM PR
-DT – NOT REQUIRED
-DT IS REQUIRED
 EFFICIENCY OF
TURBINE
KAPLAN – 93%
FRANCIS – 94%
PELTON – 92%
 C O M P A R IS O N

IM P U L S E R E A C T IO N

-WATERSTRIKES AT -ALL BLADES WORKS

FEW BUCKETS AT A SIMULTANEOUSLY
TIME
-SMALLER SPACE
-NEEDS LARGER SPACE
FOR EQUAL P & H
-BEP NEAR ½ LOAD -BEP NEAR FULL LOAD
 CRITERIA FOR SELECTION OF
HYDRAULIC TURBINE
Type of Head Load Specific Peak
Machine variation variation speed efficiency
% of % of (m-mhp) in %
rated rated
head output

PELTON 110 to 90 50 to 100 15 to 65 92

FRANCIS 125 to 65 50 to 100 60 to 400 94
KAPLAN 125 to 65 40 to 100 300 to 800 93
PROPELL 110 to 90 90 to 100 300 to 800 92
ER
BULB 125 to 65 40 to 100 600 to 92
1200
 1.EFFECTIVE COMPARISION
Assumption: H =100 m P = 100 MW
TURBINE Shaft Runner Suctio Total
TYPE speed diamete n head turbine
(rpm) r (m) width
(m) (m)
PELTON 62.5 6.5 +5 30

FRANCIS 200 3.3 -4 12

KAPLAN 333 3.4 -25 13

BULB 600 2.5 -90 6

 REASONS FOR
SELECTING FRANCIS
1. Pelton Large size, low speed
generator.
2. Bulb Extreme turbine setting.
3. Kaplan Turbine setting is too high,Size
equivalent to Francis,
higher speed and probably a
cheaper generator.
4. Francis Therefore, OPTIMUM
selection.
 Francis Turbine

ancis Turbine Francis Turbine is the first

draulic turbine with radial inflow. It was
signed by an American scientist James
ancis. If the water flows radially through
e runner , from outwards to inwards then i
known as an inward radial flow turbine.
ancis turbine is a reaction turbine as the
ergy available at the inlet of the turbine is
combination of kinetic and pressure
 Main Parts of Francis Turbine

• 1-Spiral CASING: This is provided in

Reaction Turbine to distribute water uniformly
through gates into the runner & to give
tangential whirl component of
velocity to the runner. This is normally weld
fabricated of plate steel.
1-Image of Spiral CASING

Spiral C

Stay
 2-GUIDE MECHANISM:
• Guide Vanes regulates the quantity and direction
of the water
• to the Runner. Smaller and medium sized vanes
are cast in mild steel
or stainless steel or bronze. Relatively larger
gates are of fabricated
plate steel welded construction or dowelled to
the vane trunnions.
Stay
Vane Stay Van
s
Guide
Vane
s
 3-Runner

• Runner is a circular disk on the periphery

of which a number of evently spaced
blades are fixed.
 or Boss or Run
FRANCIS RUNNER

AGUS-
PHILIPINES
Image no 2 of Francis Turbine
Runner
Image No 3 of FRANCIS Turbine
RUNNER Runner
Hub or
Boss

KEBAN -
TURKEY
 DRAFT TUBE:
• It is used for discharging water from the
outlet of the runner to the tail race.
Image of DRAFT TUBE:
 Working Principle of Francis Turbine

ncis Turbines are generally installed with their axis

cal. Water with high head (pressure) enters the
ine through the spiral casing surrounding the guide
es. The water looses a part of its pressure in the
te (spiral casing) to maintain its speed. Then water
ses through guide vanes where it is directed to strike
blades on the runner at optimum angles. As the
er flows through the runner its pressure and angular
mentum reduces. This reduction imparts reaction on
runner and power is transferred to the turbine shaft.
e turbine is operating at the design conditions the
er leaves the runner in axial direction. Water exits
turbine through the draft tube, which acts as a
ser and reduces the exit velocity of the flow to
Power Generation Using Francis Turbine

For power generation using Francis Turbine the turbine is

supplied with high pressure water which enters the turbine
with radial inflow and leaves the turbine axially through the
draft tube. The energy from water flow is transferred to the
shaft of the turbine in form of torque and rotation. The
turbine shaft is coupled with dynamos or alternators for
power generation. For quality power generation speed of
turbine should be maintained constant despite the
changing loads. To maintain the runner speed constant
even in reduced load condition the water flow rate is
reduced by changing the guide vanes angle.
X-SECTION THROUGH
FRANCIS TURBINE

Shaft
Spiral
Casing
FRANCIS TURBINE
FRANCIS TURBINE-PLAN & SECTION
 2. FRANCIS Vs. KAPLAN
P= 50 MW H= 50 m
TYPE Shaft Runner Suctio Draft
speed diameter n head Tube
(rpm) (m) (m) Length
(m)
FRANCIS 179 3.55 -1.6 16.19

KAPLAN 213 3.83 -6.3 18.47

Reference: Water Power & Dam

Construction January 1978
 3. PELTON Vs. FRANCIS
H= 400 m P= 50 MW
TYPE Shaft Runner Suctio Draft
speed diamete n head Tube
(rpm) r (m) Length
(m) (m)
PELTON 375 2.75 2.55 ----

FRANCIS 600 1.40 -3.30 11.00

Reference: Water Power & Dam Construction

December 1978
Kaplan turbine
 Kaplan Turbine :

• Kaplan Turbine Kaplan turbine is an axial flow

reaction turbine.The water flows through the runn
of the turbine in an axial direction and the energy
the inlet of the turbine is the sum of kinetic and
pressure energy . In an axial flow reaction turbine
the shaft is vertical. The lower end of the shaft is
larger and is known as ‘hub’ or ‘boss’. It is on this
hub that the vanes are attached. If the vanes are
adjustable then it is known as kaplan Turbine and
the vanes are non adjustable then it is known as
 Main parts of a Kaplan Turbine

• Scroll Casing
• Guide vane Mechanism
• Hubb with Vanes
• Draft Tube
X-SECTION THROUGH
KAPLAN TURBINE
Kaplan Turbine Runner

Hubb or Boss

Vanes o
V
a
n
e
s
 Working Principle of Kaplan Turbine

he water enters the turbine through the guide vanes

which are aligned such as to give the flow a suitable
egree of swirl. The flow from guide vanes pass through
he curved passage which forces the radial flow to axial
irection. The axial flow of water with a component of swirl
pplies force on the blades of the rotor and looses its
momentum, both linear and angular, producing torque and
otation (their product is power) in the shaft. The scheme
or production of hydroelectricity by Kaplan Turbine is
ame as that for Francis Turbine.
Hydraulic efficiency h
Hydraulic efficiency

Runner blade angle

 = constant

Flow rate Q
Runner of a
PELTON TURBINE
Buckets or Vanes

Runner Hubb or Boss

Splitter

Shaft
 Pelton Turbine
• In a Pelton wheel or Pelton Turbine,water strikes
the vanes along the tangent of the Runner and
the energy available at the inlet of the turbine is
only kinetic energy, therefore it is a tangential
flow Impulse Turbine.
• This Turbine is used for high head.
 Main Parts of a Pelton Wheel
• Nozzle-: It controls the amount of water striking the
vanes of Runner
• Casing-: It is used to prevent the splashing of water and
plays no part of Power Generation.
• Runner with Buckets-: Runner is a circular disk on
the periphery of which a number of evently spaced
buckets are fixed.
• Breaking Jet-: To stop the Runner in short
time.
 6 JET PELTON TURBINE

Runner Hubb
or Boss

Bucket or
Wheel or V
Nozzle
PELTON TURBINE

Jet(Current of
water)
 Working Principle of Pelton Wheel
or Pelton Turbibne

• The high speed water(Jet) coming out of the Noz

strikes the splitter ,which divides the jet into two e
streams.These stream flow along the inner curve
bucket and leave it in the direction opposite to tha
incoming jet.The high pressure water can be obta
from any water body situited at some heights or st
of water flowing down the hills. The change in mom
(direction as well as speed) of water stream produ
impulse on the blades of the wheel of Pelton Turb
impulse generates the torque and rotation in the s
Pelton Turbine.
X-SECTION THROUGH
POWER HOUSE (December 2000)
BUTTERFLY VALVE
SPHERICAL VALVE
SPHERICAL VALVE
FACTOR INFLUENCING SELECTION OF
TURBINE
 Francis turbine requires less space and operate at higher
running speed.
 Hydraulically Francis turbine is more favourable because it
can utilise the head down to the lowest tail water level,
whereas impulse turbine has to be set up with a clearance of
few meters above TWL.
 Because of lower setting, Francis turbine requires more
excavation works.
 Francis turbine involves extensive dismantling for
replacement of worn out labyrinth, runners, guide vane etc.
Whereas replacement is easy in case of impulse turbine.

Thus, the choice in each case is based on technical,

economical and operative requirements including
transportation limits.
PROCEDURE FOR DIMENSIONING
OF POWER HOUSE
– Head Calculation.
– Selection of specific speed and synchronous
speed of turbine.
– Fixing the turbine setting
– Calculation of discharge diameter.
– Calculation of spiral case dimensions
– Calculation of draft tube dimensions
– Calculation of Generator dimensions.
– Finalization of overall dimensions of the power
house.
BAIRA SIUL H.E. PROJECT
LOKTAK H.E. PROJECT
SALAL H.E.
PROJECT
URI H.E. PROJECT
TANAKPUR H.E. PROJECT
RANGIT H.E. PROJECT
DULHASTI H.E. PROJECT
DHAULIGANGA H.E. PROJECT
TEESTA H.E. PROJECT STAGE-V
LOKTAK D/S H.E. PROJECT
PARBATI H.E. PROJECT STAGE-II
CHAMERA H.E. PROJECT