Rumi advocated for unlimited tolerance, charity, and awareness through love. He believed intellect is subservient to love, and that man has free will but remains distinct from God. Thomas Aquinas believed the essence of man lies in his soul, and that God is the supreme governor through eternal and natural laws. Machiavelli advocated for secularism and the idea that morality should be non-religious, with man in control of his own destiny rather than God. Hobbes believed in a complete separation of politics and religion and that humans are equal in faculties but seek pleasure as their sole motive.
Rumi advocated for unlimited tolerance, charity, and awareness through love. He believed intellect is subservient to love, and that man has free will but remains distinct from God. Thomas Aquinas believed the essence of man lies in his soul, and that God is the supreme governor through eternal and natural laws. Machiavelli advocated for secularism and the idea that morality should be non-religious, with man in control of his own destiny rather than God. Hobbes believed in a complete separation of politics and religion and that humans are equal in faculties but seek pleasure as their sole motive.
Rumi advocated for unlimited tolerance, charity, and awareness through love. He believed intellect is subservient to love, and that man has free will but remains distinct from God. Thomas Aquinas believed the essence of man lies in his soul, and that God is the supreme governor through eternal and natural laws. Machiavelli advocated for secularism and the idea that morality should be non-religious, with man in control of his own destiny rather than God. Hobbes believed in a complete separation of politics and religion and that humans are equal in faculties but seek pleasure as their sole motive.
Rumi advocated for unlimited tolerance, charity, and awareness through love. He believed intellect is subservient to love, and that man has free will but remains distinct from God. Thomas Aquinas believed the essence of man lies in his soul, and that God is the supreme governor through eternal and natural laws. Machiavelli advocated for secularism and the idea that morality should be non-religious, with man in control of his own destiny rather than God. Hobbes believed in a complete separation of politics and religion and that humans are equal in faculties but seek pleasure as their sole motive.
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Revealed Philosophies
Philosophies that are about true, real knowledge(knowledge
of God revealed by himself), value reason, progress, liberty, happiness. RUMI (1207-1273) • Advocate of love between man & God.(love develops strong relation between man and God)
• His doctrine advocates unlimited tolerance, positive
reasoning, goodness, charity and awareness through love. • Man always remains distinct from God.
• Reason Emanates from Satan & Love from Adam.
• Intellect is a subservient to love.
• Free-willest & believes in freedom of man.
• Mu’awiyah & Iblis (Love& Reason): Story of conversation between
Hazrat Mu’awiya and Iblis from Rumi’s book. Iblis is equipped with reason. This story teaches us how much sorrow Shaytaan feels when a person shows grief & sorrow after committing sins & faults. • Be innovative & creative to the realm of intellect & morality. It leads towards real knowledge and self realization. THOMAS AQUINAS (1127-1274) • Essence of man lies in his soul. • Sovereignty in God: Supreme Governor of every thing • Eternal Law God’s wisdom-Mind of God by which universe is governed. God is perfect lacking nothing. • Natural Law Reflection of Divine reason in human being.(knowledge through reason, man can distinguish between right and wrong through reason) • Divine Law Communicated to man through the Prophet. • Human Law Customs which have a human origin.(moral and legal MACHAVELLI (1489-1527) • “The Prince”: Book by Machavelli • Father of secularism(secularism is the principle of the separation of state affairs from religious institutions. It means no discrimination against anybody in the name of religion.) • The Idea of secularism. • Morality should be non-religious. • No faith in divine laws.(Man control his own destiny not God and society) • Honor to no body but yourself. • Cruelty is better than mercy. • Excellence of moral values were not totally denied. • Not immoral but unmoral. THOMAS HOBBES (1588-1679)
• First English philosopher worked on political philosophy.
• Man’s liking or disliking makes a thing good or bad.
• Nature has made men equal in the faculties of body &
mind.
• Complete separation of politics & religion.
• A materialist & rationalist to the core of his heart.
Voltaire (1694-1778) • French Philosopher
• His belief was that God had created the universe but remain apart from it & permit his creation to administer according to natural laws. • He said “ I do not agree with what you say, but I can lay down my life to protect your right to say so”. • His Philosophy causes French Revolution.
• “The genius of the Arab people“. (HOLY PROPHET-PBUH)
• He was advocate of freedom of expression & religion. He enlightened people & intellectuals about their rights. • Man is capable of goodness & progress. Modern Philosophers JOHN LOCKE (1632-1740) Father of modern democracy. Founder of empiricism; All knowledge & beliefs come through our senses & experiences. Believes in the inherent goodness of human nature. Theory of Natural Rights The Right to Life, Property & Liberty All men are equal in the eye of Almighty God and their basic right must not be violated under the civil laws of the state. True happiness: associated with the good, in turn is associated with pleasure. Pleasure, in its turn, is taken to be the sole motive for human action. DAVID HUME: (1711-1776)
• Moral sense & reason make in our moral judgments.
• Moral sense makes ultimate distinction between vice & virtue. • Reason is important when we have to make a judgment about what is useful. • Natural virtues: Originate in nature & are universal e.g. compassion, generosity, friendship, charity, humor, patience. • Artificial virtues: Depends on the social structures e.g. justice, fidelity to promise, modesty. vary from society to society. • Moral sentiments or passions motivate us to act.
