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    ASHADEVI U
    An ideal gas obeys Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the ideal gas law. It approximates the behavior of gases under ordinary conditions. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at low temperatures or high pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. The document provides examples of using the ideal gas law to solve problems involving moles, volume, pressure, and temperature of gases.

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    Title 3

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    ASHADEVI U
    56 views19 pages
    An ideal gas obeys Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the ideal gas law. It approximates the behavior of gases under ordinary conditions. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at low temperatures or high pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. The document provides examples of using the ideal gas law to solve problems involving moles, volume, pressure, and temperature of gases.

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    An ideal gas obeys Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the ideal gas law. It approximates the behavior of gases under ordinary conditions. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at low temperatures or high pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. The document provides examples of using the ideal gas law to solve problems involving moles, volume, pressure, and temperature of gases.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    56 views19 pages

    Title 3

    Uploaded by

    ASHADEVI U
    An ideal gas obeys Boyle's law, Charles' law, and the ideal gas law. It approximates the behavior of gases under ordinary conditions. Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at low temperatures or high pressures due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. The document provides examples of using the ideal gas law to solve problems involving moles, volume, pressure, and temperature of gases.

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    of 19

     An Ideal Gas (perfect gas) is one which

    obeys Boyle's Law and Charles' Law


    exactly.

     An Ideal Gas obeys the Ideal Gas Law


    (General gas equation):
    PV = nRT
     where
    P = pressure
    V = volume
    n = moles of
    gas T =
    R = gas constant (dependent on the units of
    temperature
    pressure, temperature and volume)
    R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1 if
    Pressure is in kilopascals(kPa)
    Volume is in litres(L)
    Temperature is in kelvin(K)
    R = 0.0821 L atm K-1 mol-1 if
    Pressure is in atmospheres(atm)
    Volume is in litres(L) Temperature is
    in kelvin(K)
     An Ideal Gas is modelled on
    the Kinetic Theory of Gases which has
    4 basic postulates:
     Gases consist of small particles
    (molecules) which are in
    continuous random motion
     The volume of the molecules present is
    negligible compared to the total volume
    occupied by the gas
     Intermolecular forces are negligible
     Pressure is due to the gas molecules
    colliding with the walls of the
    container
     Real Gases deviate from Ideal Gas
    Behaviour because:
     at low temperatures the gas molecules have
    less kinetic energy (move around less) so they
    do attract each other
     at high pressures the gas molecules are forced
    closer together so that the volume of the gas
    molecules becomes significant compared to the
    volume the gas occupies
     Under ordinary conditions, deviations from
    Ideal Gas behaviour are so slight that they
    can be neglected

     A gas which deviates from Ideal Gas


    behaviour is called a non-ideal gas.
     What volume is needed to store
    0.050 moles of helium gas at
    202.6kPa and 400K?
     P = 202.6 kPa  202.6(V) = 0.050
     n = 0.050 mol x 8.314 x 400
     T = 400K  202.6(V)= 166.28
     V=?L  V = 166.28/202.6
     R = 8.314 J K-  V = 0.821 L
    1 mol-1 (821mL)
     What pressure will be exerted by
    20.16g hydrogen gas in a 7.5L
    cylinder at 20oC?
     P = ? kPa
     V = 7.5L
     P x 7.5 = 10 x 8.314 x
    293
     n = mass ÷ MM
     P x 7.5 = 24360.02
    › mass = 20.16g
    › MM(H2) = 2 x
     P = 24360.02 ÷ 7.5
    1.008 =  P = 3248kPa
    2.016g/mol
     n = 20.16 ÷ 2.016 =
    10mol
     T = 20o = 20 + 273 =
    293K
     R = 8.314 J K-1 mol-1
     A 50L cylinder is filled with argon gas
    to a pressure of 10130.0kPa at 30oC.
    How many moles of argon gas are in the
    cylinder?
     P = 10130.0kPa  10130.0 x 50 =
    V = 50L n x 8.314 x 303
    n = ? mol 506500 = n x
    R = 8.314 J K- 2519.142
    1 mol-1
    T = 30 C = 30 +
    o n = 506500 ÷
    273 = 303K 2519.142 =
    201.1mol
     To what temperature does a 250mL
    cylinder containing 0.40g helium gas
    need to be cooled in order for the
    pressure to be 253.25kPa?
     P = 253.25kPa  R = 8.314 J K mol-1
     V = 250mL = 250 ÷ 1000 T=?K
    = 0.250L  253.25 x 0.250 = 0.10
     n = mass ÷ MM x 8.314 x T
    › mass = 0.40g 63.3125 = 0.8314 x T
     T = 63.3125 ÷ 0.8314
    › MM(He) =
    4.003g/mol  T = 76.15K
     n = 0.40 ÷ 4.003 =
    0.10mol
    Problem
    A hydrogen gas thermometer is found to have a
    volume of 100.0 cm3 when placed in an ice-
    water bath at 0°C. When the same thermometer
    is immersed in boiling liquid chlorine, the
    volume of hydrogen at the same pressure is
    found to be 87.2 cm3. What is the temperature of
    the boiling point of chlorine?
    Solution
    For hydrogen, PV = nRT, where P is pressure, V is
    volume, n is number of moles, R is the gas
    constant, and T is temperature.
    Initially:
     P1 = P, V1 = 100 cm3, n1 = n, T1 = 0 + 273 = 273
    K
    PV1 = nRT1

    Finally:
     P2 = P, V2 =
    87.2 cm3, n2
    = n, T2 = ?

    Note that P, n, and R are the same.
    Therefore, the equations may be
    rewritten:
    P/nR = T1/V1 = T2/V2
    and T2 = V2T1/V1 Plugging
    in the values we know:
     T2 = 87.2 cm3 x 273 K / 100.0 cm3
     T2 = 238 K
    Answer
    238 K (which could also be written as
    -35°C)

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