Identifying Research Topic & Developing Research Title

IDENTIFYING RESEARCH TOPIC
& DEVELOPING RESEARCH

C
TITLE
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
RESEARCH TOPIC
It is a subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when
conducting research.
It is one of the first and vital steps in the research process because it
sets the direction of a research project.
GENERAL AREA OF INQUIRY

A research topic could be:
Real world Something we
Knowledge gap
problem do not know
The following strategies may help you select a research topic:
Tap on your personal experiences
Reading scholarly and non-scholarly sources
Reflect one existing issues in society that is timely & relevant.

Consider your own personal
experiences, history, and background
and see if you can come up with a few
LOOK INTO YOUR ideas.
OWN PERSONAL
EXPERIENCE
Explore your area of interest
Reading scholarly work, existing
researches and studies may help
you come up with a research READING RELATED
topic.
LITERATURE IN
YOUR FIELD OF
Most scholarly works and STUDY
existing studies can be found in
libraries or online academic
portals.
You may also get inspiration from
existing political and social
issues.
TACKLING
POLITICAL AND
SOCIAL ISSUES
You may read the newspaper or
watch the news. You may also
study policy debates in the gov’t.
It helps convey to others
the central idea behind the
research is.
RESEARCH
TITLE It is the part of the paper
that is read the most and is
usually read first.
Steps in Drafting a Research Title
1. Identify the main idea behind your research and try to form a
possible title.
Main Idea: Satisfaction Level towards Online Classes
2. Think of several features of your research such as its

purpose, approach, and methods.
Possible Features:
• Purpose: To know whether they are satisfied or not with the current
educational program
• Methodology: Descriptive Research
• Data Collection Method: Survey, Likert scale
• Research Participants: Grade 12 Students
• Additional Features: Math Subject
3. Create a sentence that includes the elements from Step

1 & 2.
Example:
I want to study the satisfaction level of Grade 12 students towards the
teaching of Mathematics in an online setup with the use of survey.
4. Reword your title by removing unnecessary words or

information. Make it as brief as possible.
Original: I want to study the satisfaction level of Grade 12 students towards the
teaching of Mathematics in an online setup with the use of survey.
Revised: The Satisfaction Level of Grade 12 Students to the Online Teaching of
Mathematics
LET’S TRY!
Create thesis titles using the given set of
variables:
Acceptance Level & LGBTQ Politicians
Math Anxiety & Math Proficiency
Women’s Insight & Gender Stereotypes
PRACTICAL RESEARCH II
RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
RESEARCH INTRODUCTION
This presents the Chapter 1 of the study. It sets the
stage for the entire study.
The main purpose of this chapter is to give a

description of the problem that will be addressed.
PARTS OF QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH
INTRODUCTION
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
It is a broad overview of the questions that will be addressed
in a given area of research.
Types of Questions
(A) DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS
 It seeks to objectively describe particular characteristics or
attributes of a person, group or phenomenon.
Examples: How regularly do you go abroad for a holiday?
What is the math proficiency of the respondents?
Types of Questions
(B) COMPARATIVE QUESTION
 It seeks to compare two or more attributes of two or more
persons, groups or phenomenon.
Example: What is the difference in the number of landline telephone calls made
between Millennial adults and older people?
(C) RELATIONAL QUESTION

 It seeks to understand the relationship between two or more aspects
of one or more persons, groups, or phenomenon.
Example: What is the relationship between the language anxiety level and the
English grammar proficiency of the respondents?
LET’S TRY!
Which painkiller is more effective for headaches?
What percentage of college students have felt depressed in the

last year?
Is there a significant correlation between breakfast skips and

academic performance of the respondents?
Clear: It provides enough specifics that one’s
audience can easily understand its purpose.
Focused: It is narrow enough that it can be

answered thoroughly.
Characteristics of
Concise: It is expressed in the fewest possible
Good Research words.
Question Complex: It is not answerable with a simple

“yes” or “no,” but rather requires synthesis.
Arguable: Its potential answers are open to

debate rather than accepted facts.
It provides the reader with the
context and explain the
circumstances that led to the
study.
BACKGROUND
OF THE STUDY
It introduces your topic, the
history behind it, and current
understanding about it.
Tips in Writing a Research Background
Start your write-up with a short introduction of the research topic and by outlining the
historical developments in the study that led to the current topic of research.
Ensure that you only discuss the main and relevant aspects of the study that have led to your
purpose.
Emphasize the missing points that need to be addressed.
Don’t write a background that is too long or too short.
End your background with your research purpose.

*HYPOTHESIS (for quantitative research)
◦ It is a proposed explanation or outcome about a

phenomenon made on the basis of limited evidence
and a starting point of your investigation.
Examples:
1. There is no significant relationship between English Proficiency
and Academic Performance
2. Banana Stem is an effective alternative pot for Siling Labuyo
Types of Hypothesis
(A) NULL HYPOTHESIS
 It makes a prediction that there is no relationship or significant
difference between groups on a variable in a general population.
Examples:
1. There is no correlation between language anxiety level and the English grammar
proficiency of the respondents
2. There is no significant difference in the number of landline telephone calls made
between Millennial adults and older people
(B) ALTERNATIVE HYPOTHESIS:
Directional Hypothesis makes a prediction about the expected outcome

based on prior literature review.
Example: Female students will have a higher proficiency than male
students in Mathematics
Nondirectional Hypothesis makes a prediction but the exact change as in

directional is unknown.
Example: Female students will perform differently than male students
in Mathematics
SCOPE & DELIMITATION
This part defines the topic and boundaries of the research
problem to be investigated.
Scope identifies what topic the researcher intends to cover.
Delimitation are parameters that the researcher makes to

narrow his scope.
Components of Scope & Delimitation
Topical Focus of Research Research Site /

the Study Participants Research Locale
Time Frame of the Methodological An explanation why

the scope is delimited
Research limitations to these components
The research focused on the correlation of the English language proficiency level and the academic
performance in General Education, Professional Education, Content-Course Education, and General
Weighted Average of the regular third year BEEd students of Tarlac State University academic year 2017-
2018 having one hundred fifty-one (151)students as respondents.
The selection of respondents is caused by the fact that early language and communication skills are
important for the success of the children in school. As an effect, early childhood educators have the main
opportunity to influence and build children’s growth and development, especially their language and
communication skills.
At the same time, the level of academic performance was described in terms of the students’ grades
in General Education, Professional Education, Content-Course Education, and their combined General
Weighted Average from first year until third year –first semester.
In writing the
significance of the
study, one should
SIGNIFICANCE always refer to the
SOP.
OF THE STUDY
Also, the recipients
It determines who benefits from should be narrowed
deductively.
the study and how that specific
audience will benefit from its
findings. Lastly, avoid putting
general benefits; be
specific.
Example:
DEFINITION OF TERMS
This is an important part of research paper in which the key or
important terms in the study are clearly defined.
• Conceptual Definition: It refers to basic dictionary definitions.

• Operational Definition: It defines a research term of the specific
processes, tests, and measurements used to determine its presence or
how it is used in the research.
*Note:
Examples: Conceptual Def (Green)
Operational Def (Yellow)
Academic Performance. This pertains to the outcomes that a student gains at

the end of a course or program (Steinmayr, 2014). In this study, it refers to the
grades of the students from first year to third year –first semester that will
serve as the dependent variable to be correlated to language proficiency level.
English Language Proficiency. It is the ability to use the English language to

make and communicate meaning, to speak and present an idea orally, to write
a poem or essay, to listen effectively and to comprehend on what they are
reading(University of Southern Queensland). In this study, this pertains to areas
like grammar, vocabulary and reading comprehension that will be measured
using the English proficiency test.

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IDENTIFYING RESEARCH TOPIC

& DEVELOPING RESEARCH

GENERAL AREA OF INQUIRY

The following strategies may help you select a research topic:

Tap on your personal experiences

Reading scholarly and non-scholarly sources

Reflect one existing issues in society that is timely & relevant.

2. Think of several features of your research such as its

3. Create a sentence that includes the elements from Step

4. Reword your title by removing unnecessary words or

The main purpose of this chapter is to give a

(C) RELATIONAL QUESTION

What percentage of college students have felt depressed in the

Is there a significant correlation between breakfast skips and

Focused: It is narrow enough that it can be

Question Complex: It is not answerable with a simple

Arguable: Its potential answers are open to

Emphasize the missing points that need to be addressed.

Don’t write a background that is too long or too short.

End your background with your research purpose.

◦ It is a proposed explanation or outcome about a

Directional Hypothesis makes a prediction about the expected outcome

Nondirectional Hypothesis makes a prediction but the exact change as in

Scope identifies what topic the researcher intends to cover.

Delimitation are parameters that the researcher makes to

Topical Focus of Research Research Site /

Time Frame of the Methodological An explanation why

• Conceptual Definition: It refers to basic dictionary definitions.

Academic Performance. This pertains to the outcomes that a student gains at

English Language Proficiency. It is the ability to use the English language to

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