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    Properties of Axiomatic System

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    Jessa Sarino
    Here are models to show the independence of each axiom: Postulate 1: A model with no buildings and no sidewalks. Postulate 2: A model with two buildings A and B, but no sidewalk between them. Postulate 3: A model with two buildings A and B, and one sidewalk AB between them. This shows that each postulate can be made false while keeping the others true, demonstrating their independence from each other.

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    Properties of Axiomatic System

    Uploaded by

    Jessa Sarino
    17K views18 pages
    Here are models to show the independence of each axiom: Postulate 1: A model with no buildings and no sidewalks. Postulate 2: A model with two buildings A and B, but no sidewalk between them. Postulate 3: A model with two buildings A and B, and one sidewalk AB between them. This shows that each postulate can be made false while keeping the others true, demonstrating their independence from each other.

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    Here are models to show the independence of each axiom: Postulate 1: A model with no buildings and no sidewalks. Postulate 2: A model with two buildings A and B, but no sidewalk between them. Postulate 3: A model with two buildings A and B, and one sidewalk AB between them. This shows that each postulate can be made false while keeping the others true, demonstrating their independence from each other.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    17K views18 pages

    Properties of Axiomatic System

    Uploaded by

    Jessa Sarino
    Here are models to show the independence of each axiom: Postulate 1: A model with no buildings and no sidewalks. Postulate 2: A model with two buildings A and B, but no sidewalk between them. Postulate 3: A model with two buildings A and B, and one sidewalk AB between them. This shows that each postulate can be made false while keeping the others true, demonstrating their independence from each other.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Properties of

    Axiomatic
    System
    (Independence)
    Objectives:
    D EF I N E I N D EP EN D E N CE
    PR O P ERT Y O F A X I O MATI C
    SY ST EM .

    I LL U S TR AT E A X I O M S W H I C H A RE
    I N D EP EN D EN T.
    Axiomatic System

    An axiomatic system consists of some undefined terms (primitive


    terms) and a list of statements, called axioms or postulates, concerning
    the undefined terms. One obtains a mathematical theory by proving
    new statements, called theorems, using only the axioms (postulates),
    logic system, and previous theorems.
    Properties of Axiomatic System

    Consistency
    Independence
    Completeness
    Independence Property

    In an axiomatic system, an axiom is called independent if it is not a


    theorem that can be derived from other axioms in the system. A
    system is called independent if each of its underlying axioms is
    independent. Unlike consistency, independence is not a necessary
    requirement for a functioning axiomatic system — though it is usually
    sought after to minimize the number of axioms in the system.
    Test for Independence

    To show that an axiom is independent, you produce a


    model in which that axiom is incorrect and the rest of the
    axioms are correct.
    Test for Independence
    Example 1

    Undefined Terms: point, line, on

    Axiom 1. There exist exactly four points.


    Axiom 2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line.
    Axiom 3. Each line is on exactly two points.
    Recall: Negation (~)

    Axiom 1: There exist exactly four points.


    Negation: There do not exist four points.

    Model of ~A1
    Points Lines

    A, B A
    B
    Axiom 1. There exist exactly four points.
    Axiom 2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line.
    Axiom 3. Each line is on exactly two points.

    Axiom 2: Two distinct points are on exactly one line.


    Negation: There are two distinct points not on the line.

    ModelPoints
    of ~A2 Lines

    A, B, C, D A C
    B D
    Axiom 1. There exist exactly four points.
    Axiom 2. Two distinct points are on exactly one line.
    Axiom 3. Each line is on exactly two points.

    Axiom 3: Each line is on exactly two points.


    Negation: There are lines not on exactly two points.

    Points
    Model of ~A3 Lines

    A, B, C, D A A B C
    B D D D
    C
    Example 2
    Undefined Terms: ant, path, has

    Axiom 1. Every ant has at least two paths.


    Axiom 2. Every path has at least two ants.
    Axiom 3. There exists at least one ant.
    Axiom 1: Every ant has at least two paths.
    Negation: There are ants which has no two paths.

    Model for ~A1

    Ant Path
    A, B AB
    Axiom 2: Every path has at least two ants.
    Negation: There are paths which has no two ants.

    Model for ~A2

    The dot is an ant and segments are paths.


    Axiom 3: There exists at least one ant.
    Negation: There do not exist one ant.

    *Consider a model with no ants and no paths. The model satisfies both
    Axiom 1 and 2 vacuously. But, since there are no ants, Axiom 3 is not
    true.
    Activity:
    I. Read the questions carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.

    1. If an axiom cannot be proved 2. Axiom 1: Every line has at least


    using the other axioms, then the two points.
    axiom is said to be__________. Axiom 2: There exists at least two
    a. Consistent points.
    b. Dependent A model with no lines and one
    c. Inconsistent point is a model for this axiomatic
    d. Independent system.
    a. True
    b. False
    3. Axiom 1: Every line has at least two points. 4. The axioms in an axiomatic system must be
    Axiom 2: There exists at least one line. independent.
      a. True
    Axiom 1 is valid for a model of this axiomatic b. False
    system that has no points and one line. Axiom
    1 is said to be ______________ for this
    model.
    a. categorical
    b. consistent
    c. independent
    d. vacuously true
    Activity:
    II. Consider the following axiom set. Show the independence of the
    axioms.

    Postulate 1. There are at least two buildings on campus.


    Postulate 2. There is exactly one sidewalk between any two buildings.
    Postulate 3. Not all the buildings have the same sidewalk between them.

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