Conflict and Controversies in The Philippine History

CONTROVERSIES
AND CONFLICTING
VIEWS IN
PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
THE SITE OF THE
FIRST MASS
WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF KNOWING
THE FACT ABOUT THE FIRST MASS?
THE SITE OF THE FIRST MASS IN THE PHILIPPINES:
BUTUAN OR LIMASAWA?
The controversy
The subject of controversy is the identity of this place which
Pigafetta called “Mazaua”.
Two conflicting Identity:
 Little island south of Leyte which in the map is called Limasawa.
 The beach called Masao at the mouth of the Agusan River in northern
Mindanao (now the city of Butuan).
BUTUAN CLAIM THE SITE OF THE
FIRST MASS
The Butuan Tradition – a tradition that was almost
unanimous and unbroken for 3 centuries namely 17th, 18th,
and 19th century.
 A monument was erected in 1872 under District Governor Jose
Ma. Carvallo.
 On 8th April 1521 was the celebration of the first mass and they
commemorate the arrival of Ferdinand Magellan and the
Spaniards.
 SCIENTIFIC EVIDENCE
 Balanghai Boats believed to have been used for

trade and to transport people for worship services.
The National Historical Institute declared the site of

the first mass on Limasawa Island, South of Leyte.
But the Butuan City Cultural and Historical
Foundation Inc., (BCHFI) contested the declaration.
PREVIOUS ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT THE FIRST MASS
LEGAL BASIS
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 2733 - AN ACT TO
DECLARE THE SITE IN MAGALLANES,
L I M A S AWA I S L A N D I N T H E P R O V I N C E
OF LEYTE, WHERE THE FIRST MASS IN
T H E P H I L I P P I N E S WA S H E L D A S A
N AT I O N A L S H R I N E , T O P R O V I D E F O R
T H E P R E S E R VAT I O N O F H I S T O R I C A L
MONUMENTS AND LANDMARKS
T H E R E AT, A N D F O R O T H E R P U R P O S E S
PIGAFETTA’S ACCOUNT
Pigafetta's Mazaua, the site of the first Christian Mass
held on Philippine soil, is an island lying off the
southwestern tip of Leyte while Masao in Butuan is not
an island but a barangay of Butuan City located in a
delta of the Agusan River along the coast of Northern
Mindanao. The position of Mazaua, as plotted by
Pigafetta, matched that of Limasawa.
THE CAVITE
MUTINY
LIBERAL LEADERSHIP OF GOV. GEN.
CARLOS MA. DELA TORRE
• Queen Isabel II – was removed from her position in
1868 due to a revolution.
• Carlos Ma. De la Torre – a liberal Spaniard
• Brought liberal thoughts in the Philippines to be able to
protect themselves from the abuses of the Spaniards
• Showed love to the Filipinos
• Allowed freedom of speech
• Opened Malacañang to the people on July 12, 1869
• Was replaced by Rafael de Izquierdo – an autocratic
ruler
THE TYRANNICAL REGIME OF RAFAEL
DE IZQUIERDO
• Re-imposed censorship
• Banned all talks of reform and liberty
• Stop the Filipinization of the Parishes in the
country
• Revoked the exemptions of Filipinos on force
labor and tributes
THE SECULARIZATION ISSUE
REGULAR PRIEST SECULAR PRIEST
• Spanish priests belonging in • Filipino priests
religious orders such as: • Provincial – refers to the head
• Augustinians of the Secular priests
• Jesuits
• Recollects
• Dominicans
• Franciscans
• Archbishop and bishop – headed
the regular priests
NEW RELIGIOUS ORDER
• Religious Orders – opposed to the plan for they believed that
Filipinos were not worthy to become Friar Curate
• Msgr. Pedro Pelaez – Ecclesiastical Governor of the Church who
believed that Filipino priests should be given a chance to serve.
• Governor-General Simon de Anda – sided with the Filipinos
• Father Jose Burgos – continued the fight upon the death of Msgr.
Pelaez.
GOM-BUR-ZA
• ALL were graduates of UST.
• Fr. Jose Burgos – head of the movement; Letran
Professor; curate of the Manila Cathedral; half-blood
Spaniards
• Fr. Mariano Gomez – founder of La Verdad; curate of
Bacoor, Cavite; pure-blooded Tagalog
• Fr. Jacinto Zamora – curate of Pasig, Rizal; born in
Pandacan; half-blooded Chinese; lost his mind before the
execution
THE CAVITE MUTINY: HOW DID IT START?
(SPANIARD’S VERSION)
• It was a big conspiracy among educated leaders,
mestizos, native lawyers and native clergy (not only
the laborers of Cavite Arsenal)
• A plan to liquidate high-ranking Spanish officers to
be followed by the massacre of the Spanish friars.
(SPANIARD’S VERSION)
• Cavite Revolt 1872
• Governor-General Rafael de Izquierdo
• One of the worst governor generals in the Philippines
• Abolished the privileges enjoyed by the people in Cavite
and ordered them to render forced labor that led to the
mutiny.
THE CAVITE MUTINY
• The authorities received a communication that great uprising would

breakout against the Spaniards.
• The plan was to assassinate the Gov-Gen, the officers, the masters
and the escort of the captain-general.
• January 20, 1872- fiesta of the patron saint Virgin of Loreto.
Fireworks mistook as signal.
• Pointed out as instigators, GomBurZa was arrested and other
lawyers.
THE EXECUTION OF GOMBURZA
Izquirdo reported to the King of Spain that the
“rebels” wanted to overthrow the Spanish
Government to install a new “Hari” in the likes of
father Burgos and Zamora.
The General even added that that the native clergy

enticed other participants by giving them
charismatic assurance that their fight will not fail
because God is with them.
(FILIPINO’S VERSION)
• Mutiny by the Filipino soldiers and laborers of the
Cavite Arsenal
• Turned out to be dissatisfied with the eradication of
their privileges.
• Tavera blamed Izquierdo’s harsh policy
• (crucifix in one hand and sword in the other)
(FILIPINO’S VERSION)
• It was a response to injustice.
• Gen. Izquierdo introduced rigid and strict policies that made the
Filipinos move and turn away from Spanish government out of
disgust.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THEIR DEATH
• NATIONAL CONSCIOUSNESS EMERGED
• GOMBURZA became the battle cry of the propaganda
movement
• The execution of GOMBURZA was a blunder on the part
of Spanish Government, for the action severed the ill-
feelings of the Filipinos, and event inspired Filipino
patriots to call for reforms and eventually independence.
• The 1872 Cavite Mutiny paved way for a momentous
1898.
CRY OF
BALINTAWAK OR
PUGAD-LAWIN
• It is surprising that there are different versions on the
dates for first cry of the revolution as well as its
venue.
PIO VALENZUELA’S CONTROVERSIAL
“CRY OF PUGAD LAWIN (AUGUST 23, 1896)
• Valenzuela happened to be the eye witness himself of the event.
• In his first version, the Cry was in Balintawak on August 26, 1896.
He held this account when the happenings or events are still vivid in
his memory.
• Later in his life with a fading memory, he wrote in his memoirs of
the Revolution claimed that the Cry took place at Pugad Lawin on
August 23, 1896.
KATIPUNAN GENERAL GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
“CRY OF BALINTAWAAK” (AUGUST 26, 1896)
• Eyewitness himself of the event and a childhood friend of

Bonifacio.
• According to him, the first rally of the Philippine Revolution
happened on August 26 at Balintawak. Correspondingly, the date
and the site were accepted by the preliminary years of American
gov’t.
KATIPUNAN GENERAL GUILLERMO MASANGKAY
“CRY OF BALINTAWAK” (AUGUST 26, 1896)
• Balintawak (First Skirmish)
• August 24, 1896- they arrived at the yard of Melchora Aquino
(Tandang Sora)
• At 10:00am, August 25, 1896- Bonifacio was notified that the civil
guards and some infantry were coming
• Because of their inferior weapons, the rebels decided to retreat.
• August 26, Spanish reinforcement were dispactched to Pasong Tamo
to drive away the rebels, but they couldn’t find them.
• Because of frustration, two innocent farmers were shot on their way
home.
GREGORIA DE JESUS’ VERSION OF
“THE FIRST CRY” (AUGUST 25, 1896)
• “Lakambini ng Katipunan”
• Participated the said event and the keeper of the secret
documents of the Katipunan.
• In her account, the first “Cry” happened in Caloocan on
August 25, 1896.
• The first Filipino national government was established on
24 August 1896. Filipinos should observe the date of
National Day, if the 1896 Philippine revolution and the
Katipunan are to have any worth at all, and Filipinos
should recognize Andres Bonifacio not only as the founder
of the Katipunan and the leader of the revolution of 1896,
but as the first Filipino president of the first Filipino
government; the father of the nation and the founder of
democracy.
• Which among the following versions of the Cry
of Revolution is closer to what actually
happened?

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CONTROVERSIES

 Balanghai Boats believed to have been used for

The National Historical Institute declared the site of

• The authorities received a communication that great uprising would

The General even added that that the native clergy

• Eyewitness himself of the event and a childhood friend of

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