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    Onomasiological and Semasiological Characteristics of Different Units of Lexicon

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    Наташа Клок
    The document discusses the onomasiological and semasiological characteristics of different units of lexicon in contrasted languages. [1] It notes that words can be characterized from their structure and meaning side as well as from their content side. [2] The bulk of English nouns have a richer semantic structure than Ukrainian nouns. [3] Words constitute about 75% of nomination means in both English and Ukrainian.

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    Onomasiological and Semasiological Characteristics of Different Units of Lexicon

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    Наташа Клок
    90 views31 pages
    The document discusses the onomasiological and semasiological characteristics of different units of lexicon in contrasted languages. [1] It notes that words can be characterized from their structure and meaning side as well as from their content side. [2] The bulk of English nouns have a richer semantic structure than Ukrainian nouns. [3] Words constitute about 75% of nomination means in both English and Ukrainian.

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    5 Seminar Onomasiological

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    The document discusses the onomasiological and semasiological characteristics of different units of lexicon in contrasted languages. [1] It notes that words can be characterized from their structure and meaning side as well as from their content side. [2] The bulk of English nouns have a richer semantic structure than Ukrainian nouns. [3] Words constitute about 75% of nomination means in both English and Ukrainian.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    90 views31 pages

    Onomasiological and Semasiological Characteristics of Different Units of Lexicon

    Uploaded by

    Наташа Клок
    The document discusses the onomasiological and semasiological characteristics of different units of lexicon in contrasted languages. [1] It notes that words can be characterized from their structure and meaning side as well as from their content side. [2] The bulk of English nouns have a richer semantic structure than Ukrainian nouns. [3] Words constitute about 75% of nomination means in both English and Ukrainian.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 31

    ONOMASIOLOGICAL AND

    SEMASIOLOGICAL
    CHARACTERISTICS OF
    DIFFERENT UNITS OF LEXICON
    Irrespective of the lexico-grammatical
    class to which a word belongs, it may be
    characterised in the contrasted languages
    from two sides:
    a) from its onomasiological side, i.e. from
    its structure and nomination capacity
    b) from its semasiological or
    content side.
    The onomasiological characteristics of a
    word are displayed through its
    morphological structure and its
    categorial (if any) meaning.
    Thus, the verb goes (the root go + es
    inflexion) has the categorial meanings
    of person, tense, aspect and voice
    whereas the noun songs (song + s
    inflexion) has only the category of
    number (singular and plural).
    From the semasiological side
    words may be

    WORDS

    MONOSEMANTIC POLISEMANTIC
    The semantic structure of the bulk of
    English nouns, for example, is richer
    than that of the Ukrainian nouns
    FOR EXAMPLE
    • ЧОВЕН,
    • BOAT СУДНО/КОРАБЕЛЬ,
    ШЛЮПКА
    • COAT • ВЕРХНІЙ ОДЯГ, ПАЛЬТО,
    ПІДЖАК,КІТЕЛЬ, ХУТРО
    (ТВАРИН), ЗАХИСНИЙ
    ШАР ФАРБИ НА
    ПРЕДМЕТІ
    Ukrainian words may sometimes have a
    complicated semantic structure as well.
    FOR EXAMPLE
    • ПОДОРОЖ • CRUISE, JORNEY,
    TRAVEL, TRIP, TOUR,
    VOYAGE
    • ЩЕ • STILL, YET, AS YET,
    MORE, ANY MORE,
    AGAIN, ELSE, BUT
    Isomorphic if not universal is also the
    existence of monosemantic words which are
    sometimes represented by a whole lexico-
    grammatical class, as it is in case of all
    • pronouns,
    • numerals,
    • conjunctions
    • various
    nomenclature
    words
    (terms).
    For example: we, she, nobody, ten, thirty,
    and, or, atom, oxygen, sugar, today; він,
    вони, десять, перший, і/та, чи,
    кисень, цукор, сьогодні, торік, etc
    Other means
    of nomination

    outer
    inner means (borrowed)
    means
    • separate
    morphemes,
    • words,
    • word-groups
    • separate
    sentences
    The inner means of nomination include:
    1) morphemes; 2) words;
    3) phrases/word-groups and 4)
    sentences.
    Words in all languages constitute the
    main means of nomination. Thus, in
    English and Ukrainian they constitute
    about 75 % of all nominations
    Structurally they may be: a) simple words
    (book, boy, new, alone, be, this, known,
    ten, there, soon; книжка, хлопець,
    новий, сам, знати, п'ять, скоро, там,
    добре, etc.);
    b) compound words (blackboard, classroom,
    homework, schoolboy, steamship, railway,
    etc.)
    Or in Ukrainian: добродій, літописець,
    книголюб, мовознавець, першочергово,
    перекотиполе, лиходій, чортзнащо,
    Білогородка, Незовибатько, Добридень,
    Панібудьласка, etc
    Very productive in present-day English but
    rare in present-day Ukrainian is the
    wholophrasal compounding; cf. break-
    through, sit-in, commander-in-chief, merry-
    go-round
    occasionalisms like a to-be-or-not-
    to-be question, a don't-beat-me-or-I-
    shall-cry expression (on his face),
    etc.
    Compounds of this type belong
    to rare stylistic exotisms in
    Ukrainian. Cf. Наталка "теє того
    як його" (І. Котляревський),
    Грицько "чи то я, чи не я"
    (Г.Тютюнник), "Йосип з гроша
    здачі" (Б. Харчук). Common and
    equally productive in the
    contrasted languages is the
    nomination by means of word-
    groups and sentences (usually
    nominative): fine weather гарна
    погода, take part брати
    участь,. The rain. The welcome
    rain. (Longfellow) Вечір. Ніч.
    (Тичина).
    These same sentences are nominative in
    English: Twilight. Night. Nominative sentences
    may also be extended in both contrasted
    languages. Cf. A lady's chamber in Bulgaria in a
    small town near the Dragoman Pass late in
    November in the year 1885. (B. Shaw) Мокрий
    сніг, дощі і тумани, тумани. (М. Стельмах).
    The semantic structure of
    the bulk of what nouns is
    richer?

    a) English

    b) Ukrainian
    Inner means of nomination does not incude:

    a)morphemes;

    b)words;

    c) groups of sentences

    d) phrases/word-groups

    e) sentences
    How many percents do the
    words constitute among the
    means of commnication?

    a) 55

    b) 65

    c) 75

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