The document discusses how lying and deception are common human behaviors. It notes that most people, including experts like law enforcement officers, are not very good at detecting lies. Some key points made include:
- Microexpressions, inconsistencies in timing of emotional displays and speech, and asymmetries in facial expressions may indicate deception. However, signs like gaze aversion and fidgeting are not reliable cues.
- Psychopaths feel excitement, relief, or pride when lying and do not experience guilt like most people. They are also better able to deceive others.
- Nonverbal behaviors and vocal characteristics may provide better clues to deception than words or facial expressions alone. Body language analysis achieved the highest accuracy in one study
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses how lying and deception are common human behaviors. It notes that most people, including experts like law enforcement officers, are not very good at detecting lies. Some key points made include:
- Microexpressions, inconsistencies in timing of emotional displays and speech, and asymmetries in facial expressions may indicate deception. However, signs like gaze aversion and fidgeting are not reliable cues.
- Psychopaths feel excitement, relief, or pride when lying and do not experience guilt like most people. They are also better able to deceive others.
- Nonverbal behaviors and vocal characteristics may provide better clues to deception than words or facial expressions alone. Body language analysis achieved the highest accuracy in one study
The document discusses how lying and deception are common human behaviors. It notes that most people, including experts like law enforcement officers, are not very good at detecting lies. Some key points made include:
- Microexpressions, inconsistencies in timing of emotional displays and speech, and asymmetries in facial expressions may indicate deception. However, signs like gaze aversion and fidgeting are not reliable cues.
- Psychopaths feel excitement, relief, or pride when lying and do not experience guilt like most people. They are also better able to deceive others.
- Nonverbal behaviors and vocal characteristics may provide better clues to deception than words or facial expressions alone. Body language analysis achieved the highest accuracy in one study
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses how lying and deception are common human behaviors. It notes that most people, including experts like law enforcement officers, are not very good at detecting lies. Some key points made include:
- Microexpressions, inconsistencies in timing of emotional displays and speech, and asymmetries in facial expressions may indicate deception. However, signs like gaze aversion and fidgeting are not reliable cues.
- Psychopaths feel excitement, relief, or pride when lying and do not experience guilt like most people. They are also better able to deceive others.
- Nonverbal behaviors and vocal characteristics may provide better clues to deception than words or facial expressions alone. Body language analysis achieved the highest accuracy in one study
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
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How Sex Offenders Fool
People Who Lies?
Everybody lies “Man was given a tongue with which to speak and words to hide his thoughts.” (Hungarian Proverb) Number of college students who admitted lying to a potential sex partner
92% (Knox et al., 1993) Type of Sexual Lies Most frequent lie both sexes? Number of previous sex partners
Men I love you
Women Sexually gratified Extramarital Affairs
American and British married persons
2/3 to ¾ Obtaining Jobs Number who “varnish the truth”
1/3
(Underwood, 1993) Obtaining Jobs: Types of Lies College degrees Stretching employment periods to hide unemployment Men Played on college football team
Women President of sorority Advertising “We’re conceived, born, and deceived. By the time someone reaches the age of 10, he’s pretty cynical.”
(Jerry Della Femina, advertising executive
quoted in McLoughlin et al., 1987, p. 59) Political Lies Lies to get elected
Lies to gain support for policy
Lies to protect national security
Stupid lies Medical Students How many cheated on exams?
10% Patients Number of psychiatrically hospitalized patients who lied about using drugs?
60%
(Blumberg et al., 1971)
Dodgy Scientists Isaac Newton fudged data Louis Pasteur used another’s vaccine Gregor Mendel fudged data Charles Darwin used others’ theories without credit Robert Millikan only used data that supported his theories Cyril Burt fudged data Question is not do they lie But Why? How much? How well? Sex Offenders: Con Men or Liars? Liars & Con Men Liars Specific lie(s)
Con Man Lies
Persona Relationship Ferdinand Demara Posed as Physician in Royal Canadian Navy
Removed a bullet within half an inch
of the heart
Removed a lung Ferdinand Demara Posed as
Teacher Ph.D. in psychology College dean Assistant warden of a Texas prison Joined and deserted from US army & navy “I am a superior sort of liar. I don’t tell any truth at all, so then my story has unity of parts, a structural integrity, and this sounds more like the truth than the truth itself.” (Con man Ferdinand Demara quoted in Crichton, 1968, p. 92) 20 Years of Research on Lying • People rarely get above 60% accuracy
• Some groups worse than chance
(Ekman, 1992) Who Can’t Tell CIA FBI
ATF
Police
DEA
Forensic psychiatrists
Custom Officials
Police
Judges
Lawyers
(Ekman, 1991) Who Can’t Tell? Customs inspectors vs. college students) (Kraut & Poe, 1980)
Federal law enforcement officers vs
students (DePaulo & Pfeifer, 1986)
Police officers no better than chance
(Kohnken, 1987) Who Can’t Tell Group % Above Chance
Secret Service 29%
Psychiatrists 12%
(Ekman, 1991) Top Lie Detectors Very few
85% accuracy (Ekman, 2009) Federal law enforcement officers
More Confident Than College Students
No More Accurate
(DePaulo & Pfeifer, 1986)
Accuracy What Didn’t Make a Difference
Age Sex Years of Job Experience
(Ekman, 1991) Accuracy Polygraphers & Secret Service
Worse as Got Older
(Ekman, 1991) Detecting Deception General Principles Good and Bad Lie Detectors
Good Lie Detectors
More likely to use nonverbal alone or in relation to speech
Good at reading micro-expressions
Bad Lie Detectors
Used speech alone (Ekman & O’Sullivan, 1991) Sex Differences Women
Better at reading nonverbal clues
Better at telling how people are
feeling who are telling the truth
No better at detecting deception
(DePaulo et al., 1993) Detection Apprehension Greatest
Target reputation for being touch to fool
Target suspicious Liar little practice and no record of success Stakes high Punishment, not just reward, at stake Punishment is great Target in no way benefits from lie (Ekman, 2009) “A statement should not whisper deceit; it should shout it.” Avinoam Sapir
“A lie catcher should never rely upon
one clue to deceit; there must be many.” (Ekman, 2009, p. 147) Common Error in Detecting Lying
Othello error – misinterpreting emotion
What Detects Lying?
Gaze Aversion?
Fidgeting? Fidgeting Viewed as a sign lying Gaze Aversion
Sadness Nervousness Embarrassment Guilt Disgust Gaze Aversion “Even the guilty liar probably won’t avert his gaze much, since liars know that everyone expects to be able to detect deception in this way. . . Amazingly, people continue to be misled by liars skillful enough to not avert their gaze.” (Ekman, 1992, p. 141) “At times there was a great amount of shame for being deceitful. At times there was a great amount of pride: well, I pulled this one off again. You’re a good one. You’re very capable of doing this. It works for you. There were times when little old ladies would pat me on the back and say, ‘You’re one of the best young men that I ever have known.’ I would think back and think, ‘If you really knew me you wouldn’t say that.’” “To begin with, how I felt about fooling people is what’s really hard to describe. I felt ashamed. For lack of a better word to describe it. Because I knew these people were trusting me. . . When I would lie to them, to start with I felt a lot of shame. But eventually, I had lied so much to, the shame element was no longer there. It was just a matter of keeping my tail covered. Keeping everything covered up.” Psychopaths “There is agreement that neither guilt about lying nor fear of being caught will cause a psychopath to make mistakes when he lies.” (Ekman, 2009) Feelings of Psychopaths When Lying Excitement Relief at being believed
Contempt
Pride Which Signs of Deception Work? Signs the liar doesn’t know to fake
Signs the liar can’t fake
What Are You Detecting? Deception?
Emotional leakage? “There is no sign of deceit itself.” (Ekman, 2009,p. 80) Emotions Involved in Lying Fear of being caught
Guilt about lying
Guilt about behavior
Duping delight Fear Fear of not being believed
Fear of being caught
Channels of Communication Face
Words
Voice Characteristics
Body Language Facial Expressions Automatic Expressions Automatic Expressions Sadness
Inner corner of eyebrow raises, not
full brow
15% voluntarily
(Ekman, 1992) Automatic Expressions Worry, Apprehension, Fear Both eyebrows raise and pull together
10% voluntarily
(Ekman, 1992) Emotions and Their Eyebrow/Eyelid Fakeability Hard Fear, worry, apprehension, terror Sadness, grief, distress
Easy Anger, surprise Most Reliable Facial Muscles Forehead Anger Reliable: Narrowing of lips Facial Expressions
Micro-Expressions - 1/25” Micro Expression Training Tool
Facial Action Coding System (FACS) 44 Action Units 30 Contraction of Specific Muscles E.g.., Frontalis, pars medialis Inner Corner of Eyebrow Raised 13 Unspecified E.g.., Jaw Thrust 7000 Combinations Observed Comprehensive Coding Systems for Emotional Recognition
10 Hours of Coding Time Per
Minute of Behavior (Ekman, 1992) Computerized Analysis of Facial Expressions
96.7% Accurate
(Tian et al.,2000) Pitt- CMU Au-Coded Face Expression Database
N = 210 69% Female; 31% Male 81% Euro-Americans 13% Afro-American 6% Other Age 18 to 50 (Kanade et al., 2000)
