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Mathematical
Language and Symbols •
• Language
• Language of Mathematics
• Three characteristics of the language
of Mathematics Mathematical Symbols • Symbols Meaning Example • + add 3 + 7 =10 • - Subtract 10 – 3 = 7 • x multiply 9( 4 ) = 36 • / divide 36/ 4 = 9 • ( ) parenthesis 3( a + 3 ) • ℼ pi A= π • = equals 1+1=2 • ˂ less than 2<3 • ˃ greater than 3>2 • ≈ Approximately equal to π ≈ 3.1415 • ≠ not equal to π≠3 • ◦ degrees • ⸫ therefore a=b⸫b=a • square root =6 English Language to Mathematical Language
• In English, nouns are used to name things we want to talk
about ( like people, places or things ); whereas sentence are used to state complete thoughts. An English sentence has at least one noun and at least one verb. • Example, consider the sentence: • Carol loves mathematics. • • Here, ‘Carol’ and ‘ mathematics’ are nouns; loves is a verb. • The mathematical analog of a ‘noun ‘ will be called an expression. An expression is a name given to a mathematical object of interest. Whereas in English we need to talk about people, places, and things, we’ll see that mathematics has many different ‘objects of interest’. • The mathematical analog of a ‘sentence’ will also be called a sentence. A mathematical sentence, just as an English sentence, must state a complete thought. The table below summarizes the analogy.
ENGLISH MATHEMATICS
Name given to an object NOUN( person, place, thing ) EXPRESSION
of interest: Examples: Carol, Manila, Examples: 5, 2+5, ½ book A complete thought: SENTENCE SENTENCE Examples: The capital of the Philippines 3 + 4 = 7 is Manila. • Numbers have a lots of different names. For examples, the expressions
•5 • 2+3 • 10 / 2 • (6–2)+1 • 1 + 1+ 1 + 1 + 1
• All look different but all are names for the same number. • A mathematical sentence is the analog of an English sentence; it is a correct arrangement of mathematical symbols that states a complete thought.
• Sentences have verbs.
• In the mathematical sentence 3 + 5 = 8, the verb is “= “ Direction: Classify the following as: • English noun • English sentence • Mathematical expression • Mathematical sentence
1. Dog 2. 4 3. 1+3=4 4. Tuesday 5. 6–2=4 6. Three plus four equals seven. 3+4=7 7. The cat is white. 8. x+3 • English noun • English sentence • Mathematical expression • Mathematical sentence
• 9. Carol is beautiful. • 10. 3+4=7 • 11. Twice a number is equal to fourteen. • 12. 7( 2 ) = 14 • 13. seven times two is fourteen. • 14. x • 15. x=2
