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    Presentation For CA-1 For Emt

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    Ravi Shankar
    Ravi Shankar presented on the topic of dot product for the subject Electromagnetic Theory. The dot product is defined geometrically as the product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It can also be used to find the projection of one vector onto another and calculate the angle between two vectors. The dot product is commutative and distributive, and its value depends on the angle between the vectors.

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    Presentation For CA-1 For Emt

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Shankar
    18 views8 pages
    Ravi Shankar presented on the topic of dot product for the subject Electromagnetic Theory. The dot product is defined geometrically as the product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It can also be used to find the projection of one vector onto another and calculate the angle between two vectors. The dot product is commutative and distributive, and its value depends on the angle between the vectors.

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    Presentation for CA-1 for emt

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    Ravi Shankar presented on the topic of dot product for the subject Electromagnetic Theory. The dot product is defined geometrically as the product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It can also be used to find the projection of one vector onto another and calculate the angle between two vectors. The dot product is commutative and distributive, and its value depends on the angle between the vectors.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views8 pages

    Presentation For CA-1 For Emt

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Shankar
    Ravi Shankar presented on the topic of dot product for the subject Electromagnetic Theory. The dot product is defined geometrically as the product of the magnitudes of two vectors and the cosine of the angle between them. It can also be used to find the projection of one vector onto another and calculate the angle between two vectors. The dot product is commutative and distributive, and its value depends on the angle between the vectors.

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    Presentation for CA-1

    Subject Name -Electromagnetic theory


    Subject code –PC-EI503
    Topic –Dot product

    Name : Ravi Shankar

    Roll Number :13005320008

    Registration Number : 201300105310041

    Semester : 5th
    Dot product
     Geometrically, it is the product of the Euclidean
    magnitudes of the two vectors and the cosine of the
    angle between them. These definitions are equivalent
    when using Cartesian coordinate

    In modern geometry, Euclidean spaces are often defined by using vector


    spaces. In this case, the dot product is used for defining lengths and
    angles
    The name "dot product" is derived from the centered dot " · " that is often
    used to designate this operation; the alternative name "scalar product"
    emphasizes that the result is a scalar, rather than a vector, as is the case for
    the vector product in three-dimensional space.
    Geometric definition
     In Euclidean space, a Euclidean vector is a geometric object that possesses
    both a magnitude and a direction. A vector can be pictured as an arrow. Its
    magnitude is its length, and its direction is the direction to which the arrow
    points. The magnitude of a vector a is denoted by ||a|| .The dot product of two
    Euclidean vectors a and b is defined by

    a.b = ||a|| ||b|| cosα,


    where  α  is the angle between a and b.

    •vectors a and b are orthogonal (i.e., their angle is π /


    2 or 90°), then 
    a.b = 0
    •the dot product of a vector a with itself is
    a . a = ||a||2
    Projection of a Vector
    The dot product is useful for finding the component
    of one vector in the direction of the other. The
    vector projection  of one vector over another vector is
    the length of the shadow of the given vector over
    another vector. It is obtained by multiplying the
    magnitude of the given vectors with the cosine of the
    angle between the two vectors The resultant of a vector
    projection formula is a scalar value..
    Angle Between Two Vectors Using Dot Product

    The angle between two vectors is calculated as the cosine of the angle
    between the two vectors. The cosine of the angle between two vectors is
    equal to the sum of the products of the individual constituents of the two
    vectors, divided by the product of the magnitude of the two vectors. The
    formula for the angle between the two vectors is as follows.

    In cartesian Form,


    a = axi + ayj
    b= bxi + byj
    Matrix Representation of Dot Product
    • It is easy to compute the dot product of vectors if the vectors are
    represented as row or column matrices.
    • The transpose matrix of the first vector is obtained as a row matrix.
    Matrix multiplication is done. The row matrix and column matrix are
    multiplied to get the sum of the product of the corresponding components
    of the two vectors.
    Properties of Dot Product
    • Commutative property of Dot Product:

    • Distributive property of Dot Product:


    • Nature of Dot Product
     We know that 0 ≤ θ ≤ π.
    If θ = 0 then  a.b = ab [Two vectors are parallel in the same direction ⇒ θ = 0 ].
     If θ = π , a.b = -ab [Two vectors are parallel in the opposite direction ⇒ θ = π].
     If θ = π/2, then a.b = 0 [Two vectors are  perpendicular⇒ θ = π/2]
     If 0 < θ < π/2, then cosθ is positive and hence a.b is positive.
     If π/2 < θ < π then cosθ is negative and hence a.b is negative. 
    • The dot product of unit vectors  follows similar rules as the dot product of
    vectors. The angle between the same vectors is equal to 0º, and hence their dot
    product is equal to 1. And the angle between two perpendicular vectors is 90º,
    and their dot product is equal to 0.

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