Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 7 views

    EoC-1 - Lecture - 17 - Machine Language - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Thatukuru Lakshman
    This document discusses input/output handling and memory mapping in the Hack assembly language. It introduces memory mapped output and input, with dedicated memory areas for managing displays and keyboards. It shows how to set pixels and check pressed keys by manipulating these memory maps. Examples demonstrate adding numbers and terminating programs. Built-in symbols are described that can represent variables and base addresses for I/O.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    EoC-1 - Lecture - 17 - Machine Language - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Thatukuru Lakshman
    7 views22 pages
    This document discusses input/output handling and memory mapping in the Hack assembly language. It introduces memory mapped output and input, with dedicated memory areas for managing displays and keyboards. It shows how to set pixels and check pressed keys by manipulating these memory maps. Examples demonstrate adding numbers and terminating programs. Built-in symbols are described that can represent variables and base addresses for I/O.

    Original Title

    EoC-1_lecture_17__Machine Language - Part 2

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    This document discusses input/output handling and memory mapping in the Hack assembly language. It introduces memory mapped output and input, with dedicated memory areas for managing displays and keyboards. It shows how to set pixels and check pressed keys by manipulating these memory maps. Examples demonstrate adding numbers and terminating programs. Built-in symbols are described that can represent variables and base addresses for I/O.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    7 views22 pages

    EoC-1 - Lecture - 17 - Machine Language - Part 2

    Uploaded by

    Thatukuru Lakshman
    This document discusses input/output handling and memory mapping in the Hack assembly language. It introduces memory mapped output and input, with dedicated memory areas for managing displays and keyboards. It shows how to set pixels and check pressed keys by manipulating these memory maps. Examples demonstrate adding numbers and terminating programs. Built-in symbols are described that can represent variables and base addresses for I/O.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 22

    22AIE102

    Elements of Computing Systems-II


    Hack machine Language
    Sreelakshmi K, Assistant Professor
    Center for Excellence in Computational Engineering and
    Networking (CEN)
    Amrita School of Engineering, Coimbatore
    Acknowledgment: Prof. Noam Nisan, Prof. Shimon Schocken

    22AIE102|CEN 1
    Input / output

    I/O handling (high-level):


    Software libraries enabling text, graphics, audio, video, etc.

    I/O handling (low-level):


    Bits manipulation.
    22AIE102|CEN 2
    Memory mapped output

    Memory mapped output

    A designated memory area, dedicated to manage a display unit

    The physical display is continuously refreshed from the memory map,


    many times per second

    Output is effected by writing code that manipulates the screen memory map

    22AIE102|CEN 3
    Screen memory map

    To set pixel (row,col) on/off:

    22AIE102|CEN 4
    DEMO of Screen memory map in Hardware
    Simulator

    22AIE102|CEN 5
    Memory mapped input

    The physical keyboard is associated with a keyboard memory map.

    22AIE102|CEN 6
    When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the key’s scan code appears in
    the keyboard memory map

     When no key is pressed, the resulting code is 0.

    22AIE102|CEN 7
    The Hack character set

    22AIE102|CEN 8
    Handling the keyboard
    To check which key is currently pressed:
    • Probe the contents of the Keyboard chip
    • In the Hack computer: probe the contents of
    RAM[24576].

    22AIE102|CEN 9
    DEMO of Keyboard memory map in Hardware
    Simulator

    22AIE102|CEN 10
    Hack assembly language (overview)

    22AIE102|CEN 11
    Hack Programming
    • Working with registers and memory
    • Branching
    • Variables
    • Iteration
    • Pointers
    • input/output
    22AIE102|CEN 12
    Registers and memory

    22AIE102|CEN 13
    Typical operations

    22AIE102|CEN 14
    Program example: add two numbers

    Implicit line
    numbers

    22AIE102|CEN 15
    Program example: add two numbers

    22AIE102|CEN 16
    Terminating a program

    22AIE102|CEN 17
    Terminating a program

    NOP slide
    22AIE102|CEN 18
    Terminating a program

    22AIE102|CEN 19
    Built-in symbols
    • The Hack assembly language features built-in symbols:

    These symbols can be used to denote “virtual registers”

    • Example: suppose we wish to use RAM[5] to represent some variable,


    say x, and we wish to let x=7

    20
    Built-in symbols
    • The Hack assembly language features built-in symbols:

    • SCREEN and KBD : base addresses of I/O memory maps


    • Remaining symbols: used in the implementation of the Hack virtual machine

    21
    Thank You

    22AIE102|CEN 22

    You might also like