The document discusses different types of digital-to-analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). ASK represents digital data by varying the amplitude of a carrier signal. FSK uses frequency variation to represent bits. PSK encodes bits as variations in the phase of the carrier. PSK offers better noise immunity than ASK and FSK. Each modulation technique has advantages and disadvantages related to aspects like bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and implementation complexity.
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The document discusses different types of digital-to-analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). ASK represents digital data by varying the amplitude of a carrier signal. FSK uses frequency variation to represent bits. PSK encodes bits as variations in the phase of the carrier. PSK offers better noise immunity than ASK and FSK. Each modulation technique has advantages and disadvantages related to aspects like bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and implementation complexity.
The document discusses different types of digital-to-analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). ASK represents digital data by varying the amplitude of a carrier signal. FSK uses frequency variation to represent bits. PSK encodes bits as variations in the phase of the carrier. PSK offers better noise immunity than ASK and FSK. Each modulation technique has advantages and disadvantages related to aspects like bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and implementation complexity.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
The document discusses different types of digital-to-analog modulation techniques. It describes amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), and phase shift keying (PSK). ASK represents digital data by varying the amplitude of a carrier signal. FSK uses frequency variation to represent bits. PSK encodes bits as variations in the phase of the carrier. PSK offers better noise immunity than ASK and FSK. Each modulation technique has advantages and disadvantages related to aspects like bandwidth, noise susceptibility, and implementation complexity.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Bit rate is the number of bits per second. Baud rate is the number of signal units per second. Baud rate is less than or equal to the bit rate. Bit rate is important in computer efficiency Baud rate is important in data transmission. Baud rate determines the bandwidth required to send signal Baud rate = bit rate / # bits per signal unit
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) is a form of modulation that represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave. The amplitude of an analog carrier signal varies w.r.t modulating signal, keeping frequency and phase constant. The level of amplitude can be used to represent binary logic 0s and 1s.
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
Baseband Data ASK modulated signal A cos ct 0 0 A cos ct
We can think of a carrier signal as an ON or OFF switch. In the modulated signal, logic 0 is represented by the absence of a carrier, thus giving OFF/ON keying operation and hence the name given.
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
The strength of the carrier signal is varied to represent binary 1 and 0. Frequency and phase remains the same. Highly susceptible to noise interference.
Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK)
PROs of ASK: It is Simple and Easy to implement. Transmission and Receiving of such signals using components becomes easy. CONs of ASK: Inefficient Modulation Techniques. Sensitive to noise. Susceptible to sudden gain changes. They are used mainly for radio frequency.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) is a form of modulation that represents digital data as variations in the frequency of a carrier wave. The frequency of an analog carrier signal varies w.r.t modulating signal, keeping amplitude and phase constant. Frequency of the carrier is varied to represent digital data (binary 0/1) Peak amplitude and phase remain constant.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Baseband Data FSK modulated signal f1 f0 f0 f1 where f0 = A cos( c- )t and f1 = A cos( c+ )t
We can think of a carrier signal as an ON or OFF switch. In the modulated signal, logic 0 is represented by the absence of a carrier, thus giving OFF/ON keying operation and hence the name given.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
Frequency of the signal during each bit duration is constant, and its value depends on the bit (0 or 1); both peak amplitude and phase remain constant. FSK avoids most of the problems from noise.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
PROs of FSK: It is Easy to implement. It has better noise immunity than ASK. It is not too sensitive to varying attenuation on the channel. Simple implementation possible for low bit-rates.
Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
CONs of FSK: The high bandwidth requirement is the major disadvantage. The FSK is not preferred for the high speed modems because with increase in speed, the bit rate increases. Therefore FSK is extensively used in low speed modems having bit rates below 1200 bits/sec.
They are used mainly for high radio frequency (3 to 30MHz).
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Phase Shift Keying (PSK) is a form of modulation that represents digital data as variations in the phase of a carrier wave. The phase of an analog carrier signal varies w.r.t modulating signal, keeping amplitude and frequency constant. Phase of the carrier is varied to represent digital data (binary 0/1) Peak amplitude and Frequency remain constant.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Baseband Data Binary PSK modulated signal s1 s0 s0 s1 where s0 = -A cos ct and s1 = A cos ct
We can think of a carrier signal as an ON or OFF switch. In the modulated signal, logic 0 is represented by the absence of a carrier, thus giving OFF/ON keying operation and hence the name given.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) demonstrates better performance than ASK and FSK. If we start with a phase of 00 to represent binary 0, then we can change the phase to 1800 to send binary 1.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
The phase of the signal during each bit duration is constant, and its value depends on the bit (0 or 1). Two different phases (00 and 1800 ) are used. Constellation or phase-state diagram shows the relationships by illustrating only the phases.
Phase Shift Keying (PSK)
PROs of PSK: It is much more robust than ASK It not vulnerable to noise, which changes amplitude of the signal. CONs of PSK: Minimum bandwidth required for PSK transmission is the same as that required for ASK transmission. Maximum bit rate in PSK transmission is much greater than that of ASK.
