Are you

When do fire
incident
 What were the
hazards you had
learned all
throughout the
Among the hazards
you had learned,
which of it had
occurred in your
 Super Typhoon Haiyan, locally known as Typhoon
Yolanda entered the Philippine Area of
Responsibility (PAR) last November 6 2013 and
created new history for the Philippines.
 It affected a total of 3,424,593 families or
16,078,181 Persons.
 Killing 6,318 persons,
 28,689 were injured
 and 1,061 were still missing.
 It destroyed 1,140,332 houses
 damaged a total of 19.6B pesos worth of
What were the damages
brought by typhoon
Yolanda?
 It affected a total of 3,424,593 families or 16,078,181 Persons.
 Killing 6,318 persons,
 28,689 were injured
 and 1,061 were still missing.
 It destroyed 1,140,332 houses
 damaged a total of 19.6B pesos worth of Infrastructures and
20.3B pesos worth of Agriculture.
What specific areas were
affected by the typhoon?
Visayas (Tacloban)
What are the major
hazards brought by the
typhoon?
Strong Winds
Storm Surge
What are the exposed
elements in the event?
People
Homes
Contents
VULNERABILITY / POTENTIAL EFFECTS
 Light structures and roofs of structures are susceptible to damage
when subjected to loads induced by strong winds.
 People are susceptible to injury when exposed to flying debris
made airborne by strong winds.
 People are susceptible to drowning or injury when carried away by
turbulent flood waters.
 Structures or the individuals elements (eg walls and doors) are
susceptible to damage when exposed to hydrodynamic or buoyant
forces due to flood waters.
 Wooden elements of structures and contents are susceptible to
damage due to prolonged saturation. Certain contents are also
prone to damage to mold and mildew due to excessive moisture.
Do you consider this
event as a disaster? Why
or why not?
Typhoon Yolanda: Extensive loss of life, damage to infrastructure and
critical facilities. Extensive environmental impact due to large amount of
debris generated. Death, injury and economic losses resulted in
psychological trauma to survivors.
Key Concepts,
Principles and
Elements of
At the end of the session students are expected to:

MELCs: Discussthe key concepts, principles,

and elements of DRR (DRR11/12-IIg-h-42).

Specifically,
a. discuss the key concepts, principles and elements of DRR;
b. share experiences on lessening the disaster risks in the community; and
c. present understanding on key concepts, principles and elements of DRR
through different creative presentations (poem, slogan, jingle, song
composition, etc).
Consider this situation:
 What do you
think will
happen to these
three cups when
a strong
earthquake
 How about if
these cups will
be exposed to
intense heat and
flames, what
will happen to
them?
 What will
happen to
these three
cups if
submerge to
water over a
longer period
Group Activity: Concepts,
Principles and Elements of
Disaster Risk Reduction
Group A: Key Concepts of
DRR
Group 1, 2, 6, 11
Group B: Principles of DRR
Group 8, 9, 10, 12
Group C: Components of
Tasks: Read within your group the information material
provided. Discuss with the group for 5 minutes and prepare
for presentation guided with the given questions
Group A Group B Group C
 What are the key  What are the  What are the
concepts of DRR? principles of DRR? components of
 How do these concepts  Do you think these DRR?
related to each other? principles are evident  How are they
 How do you present in lessening the risk related to
these concepts into experienced by the each other?
mathematical community during
expression/equation hazards?
Group activity and presentation rubric:
CRITERION 5 4 3 2
Mastery of the The reporter
demonstrates total
The reporter demonstrate
knowledge of the
The reporter
demonstrate
The reporter
demonstrate no
topic mastery of their topic important contents of their
topic
knowledge of some
contents of their topic
mastery of any
contents of their topic

Delivery and The group delivers a very

creative presentation of
The group delivers a
creative presentation of
The group delivers
the topic orally with
The group delivers the
topic orally without
Presentation of the topic the topic visual aids any visual aids

the topic
Cooperation All members participate
actively
One or two members
become inactive in the
Three or four
members become
Five or more
members become
preparation and inactive in the inactive in the
presentation preparation and preparation and
presentation presentation

Timeliness The task is finished

ahead of time
The task is finished on
time
The task is finished
30 seconds beyond
The task is finished 1
minute beyond the set
the set time time
Group
 Group A: Key Concepts of
DRR
 What areGroup
the key1,concepts
2, 6, 11of DRR?
 How do these concepts related to each
other?
 How do you present these concepts
into mathematical
 What are the key concepts of
DRR?(DRR) is a term
Disaster risk reduction
used for reducing and preventing disaster
risks. It is founded on the principle that
while hazards are inevitable, its adverse
effects like lost lives and/or destruction of
property are not. There are steps that we can
do to ensure reduction of risks. DRR actions
 What are the key concepts of
DRR?
Disaster - a serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society
involving widespread human, material,
economic or environmental losses and
impacts, which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope using
its own resources.
 What are the key concepts of
DRR? in general
RISK- has two connotations:
usage the emphasis is usually placed on the
concept of chance or possibility on an event
and its negative consequence, such as in “the
risk of an accident”; whereas in technical
settings the emphasis is usually placed on the
consequences, in terms of “potential losses”
 What are the key concepts of
HAZARD- as a DRR?
“dangerous phenomenon,
substance, human activity or condition that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental
damage”.
 What are the key concepts of
DRR?
VULNERABILITY- as the characteristics
and circumstances of a community, system
or asset that make it susceptible to the
damaging effects of a hazard.
 What are the key concepts of
CAPACITY- asDRR?
the combination of all the
strengths, attributes and resources available
within a community, society or organization
that can be used to achieve agreed goals.
How do these concepts related
to each other?
 How do you present these
concepts into mathematical
expression/equation?
Disaster Risk or Risk
can be mathematically
described as the product
of the combination of
three elements: hazard,
vulnerability and
 Group B: Principles of DRR
Group 8, 9, 10, 12
 What are the principles of DRR?
 Do you think these principles are
evident in lessening the risk
experienced by the community during
hazards?
 What are the principles of
DRR?
Hazards will always be present; therefore, disaster reduction
strategies primarily include vulnerability and risk
assessment. The following are some factors that can affect
the vulnerability of a community:
What are the principles of
DRR?
What are the principles of
DRR?
What are the principles of
DRR?
What are the principles of
DRR?
What are the principles of
DRR?
 Do you think these principles are evident in
lessening the risk experienced by the community
during hazards?
Group C: Components of
DRR
Group 3, 4, 5, 7
What are the components of
DRR?
 PRE-EVENT
Prevention: The outright avoidance of adverse
impacts of hazards and related disasters.
 Prevention expresses the concept and intention to
completely avoid potential adverse impacts through
action taken in
advance. Can be in the form of proper land use or
using suitable engineering design. (However,
oftentimes complete
 PRE-EVENT
Mitigation: The lessening or limitation of the adverse
impacts of hazards and related disasters.
 While the adverse impacts of hazards often cannot
be prevented fully, their scale or severity can be
substantially lessened by various strategies and
actions. Mitigation measures involve a wide range
of elements from engineering techniques to
environmental policies and even public awareness.
 PRE-EVENT
Adaptation: The adjustment in natural or human
systems in response to actual or expected climatic
stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or
exploits beneficial opportunities.
 This definition addresses the concerns of climate
change and is sourced from the secretariat of the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change (UNFCCC).
 PRE-EVENT
Preparedness: The knowledge and capacities developed by
governments, professional response and recovery
organizations,
communities and individuals to effectively anticipate,
respond to, and recover from, the impacts of likely, imminent
or
current hazard events or conditions.
 Preparedness action is carried out within the context of
disaster risk management and aims to build the capacities
 POST-EVENT
Response: The provision of emergency services
and public assistance during or immediately after
a disaster in order to save lives, reduce health
impacts, ensure public safety and meet the basic
subsistence needs of the people affected.
 Disaster response is predominantly focused on
immediate and short-term needs and is
 POST-EVENT
Recovery: The restoration, and improvement where
appropriate, of facilities, livelihoods and living
conditions of disaster-affected communities, including
efforts to reduce disaster risk factors.
 The recovery task of rehabilitation and
reconstruction begins soon after the emergency
phase has ended, and should be based on pre-
existing strategies and policies that facilitate clear
 How are they
related to each
other?
 Share because you care!
 What are the hazards you had
experienced recently?
 What did you do to lessen the risk?
 What did your community do to
minimize the risk?
 Understanding disaster!
Task: Present your understanding on the
topic being discussed through slogan,
poem, choral reading, song, jungle, yell,
and others. You have 5 minutes for
conceptualization and 1 minute each
group for presentation.
Talent presentation rubric:
CRITERION 10 9 8 7
Content Students demonstrate full
knowledge of the presentation.
Students are at ease with
the presentation
Students are at
uncomfortable with the
Students do not have grasp
of information regarding the
Output is very elaborate. presentation presentation

Organization The group present information

in logical, interesting sequence
The group present
information in logical,
Audience has difficulty
following the presentation
Audience cannot
understand the presentation
which audience can follow. sequence which audience because there is no
can follow. sequence of information

Elocution The group uses a clear voice

and correct, precise
The groups voice is clear
and pronounces most words
The groups voice is low and
incorrectly pronounces
The group mumbles,
incorrectly pronounces
pronunciation of terms so that correctly. Most audience terms. Audience members terms, and speaks too
all audience can hear the can hear the presentation have difficulty hearing the quietly for the audience at
presentation presentation. the back to hear.

Cooperation All members participate

actively
One or two members
become inactive in the
Three or four members
become inactive in the
Five or more members
become inactive in the
preparation and preparation and preparation and
presentation presentation presentation

Timeliness The group finished the task

ahead of time
The group finished the task
on time.
The group finished the task
1 minute beyond the set
The group finished the task
2 minutes and beyond the
time. set time
Talent conceptualization and
Talent Presentation
1. Which refers to the potential losses of
disaster that could occur to a particular
community or a society over a specified
period of time?
A. Risk
B. Hazard
C. Disaster
2. What are the three elements, and with
their interactions that can contribute to
the disaster risk of one community as
expressed by the mathematical formula
below?
3. Referring to the image below, what
DRRR Components in pre-event is
being demonstrated?
A. Mitigation
B. Prevention
C. Adaptation
D. Preparedness
4. In a post calamity scenario, the restoration and improvement of
living conditions of disaster-affected communities can be described
in one of the DRRR Management Key Component. Which situations
below can we consider as the recovery component?
A. When LGUs are conducting outreach program for the affected
families in a disaster.
B. When roads, electricity, and businesses are already operating after
a disastrous calamity.
C. When rescue and response team help in evacuating trapped
individuals during a flash flood.
D. When the community is establishing gabions on the riverside to
lessen the impact of strong currents of water.
5. The key components of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
is mainly grouped into Pre-event and Post-event of a potential
disaster. Part of the Post-event DRRM is the Response component.
What response management can you develop in any impending
disaster situation?
A. Conduct evacuations, search and rescue missions, and emergency
medical assistance.
B. Develop early-warning systems, hazard zone protection, urban
planning, and disease surveillance
C. Improving dams and embankments, land-use regulations that do
not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and engineering
designs of infrastructures.
D. Facilitate community awareness campaigns to increase disaster
1. Which refers to the potential losses of
disaster that could occur to a particular
community or a society over a specified
period of time?
A. Risk
B. Hazard
C. Disaster
2. What are the three elements, and with
their interactions that can contribute to
the disaster risk of one community as
expressed by the mathematical formula
below?
3. Referring to the image below, what
DRRR Components in pre-event is
being demonstrated?
A. Mitigation
B. Prevention
C. Adaptation
D. Preparedness
4. In a post calamity scenario, the restoration and improvement of
living conditions of disaster-affected communities can be described
in one of the DRRR Management Key Component. Which situations
below can we consider as the recovery component?
A. When LGUs are conducting outreach program for the affected
families in a disaster.
B. When roads, electricity, and businesses are already operating after
a disastrous calamity.
C. When rescue and response team help in evacuating trapped
individuals during a flash flood.
D. When the community is establishing gabions on the riverside to
lessen the impact of strong currents of water.
5. The key components of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management
is mainly grouped into Pre-event and Post-event of a potential
disaster. Part of the Post-event DRRM is the Response component.
What response management can you develop in any impending
disaster situation?
A. Conduct evacuations, search and rescue missions, and emergency
medical assistance.
B. Develop early-warning systems, hazard zone protection, urban
planning, and disease surveillance
C. Improving dams and embankments, land-use regulations that do
not permit any settlement in high-risk zones, and engineering
designs of infrastructures.
D. Facilitate community awareness campaigns to increase disaster