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    Electricity Revision

    Uploaded by

    Joel Okoh
    1. Electricity can be measured using ammeters in series and voltmeters in parallel with components. 2. Series and parallel circuits differ in how voltage, current, and resistance are distributed. In series, voltage splits and current remains the same. In parallel, current splits and voltage remains the same. 3. Ohm's law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR). Total resistance in series adds up, while total resistance in parallel is always lower than the lowest individual resistance.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Electricity Revision

    Uploaded by

    Joel Okoh
    42 views10 pages
    1. Electricity can be measured using ammeters in series and voltmeters in parallel with components. 2. Series and parallel circuits differ in how voltage, current, and resistance are distributed. In series, voltage splits and current remains the same. In parallel, current splits and voltage remains the same. 3. Ohm's law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR). Total resistance in series adds up, while total resistance in parallel is always lower than the lowest individual resistance.

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    Electricity-Revision

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    1. Electricity can be measured using ammeters in series and voltmeters in parallel with components. 2. Series and parallel circuits differ in how voltage, current, and resistance are distributed. In series, voltage splits and current remains the same. In parallel, current splits and voltage remains the same. 3. Ohm's law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR). Total resistance in series adds up, while total resistance in parallel is always lower than the lowest individual resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    42 views10 pages

    Electricity Revision

    Uploaded by

    Joel Okoh
    1. Electricity can be measured using ammeters in series and voltmeters in parallel with components. 2. Series and parallel circuits differ in how voltage, current, and resistance are distributed. In series, voltage splits and current remains the same. In parallel, current splits and voltage remains the same. 3. Ohm's law states that voltage equals current times resistance (V=IR). Total resistance in series adds up, while total resistance in parallel is always lower than the lowest individual resistance.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 10

    Electricity

    Revision
    Electricity Equations
    Charge = current x time Potential difference = current x resistance

    Power = current x potential difference


    Read the question – You
    Power = current2 x resistance are now given the
    symbols for the
    Power = energy equations - it will help
    time you work out power
    equation you need to use.
    Energy transferred = charge x potential difference
    Circuit Symbols

    Arrow must
    point to
    negative of
    cell

    Arrow must point


    to negative of
    cell
    Measuring current, voltage and resistance
    Potential difference = current x
    Ammeter goes in series with the resistance
    component we want to measure. V=IxR

    Voltmeter goes in
    parallel with the
    component we want to
    measure.

    variable resistor
    Series and Parallel

    Series Parallel
    • Voltage is split at each • Voltage stays the same at
    component – adding a bulb each component – all bulbs
    makes the others dimmer have the same brightness

    • Current stays the same at • Current is split at each


    each component component
    Series and Parallel Circuits
    Series Parallel
    • In series current is the same • In parallel potential difference is
    everywhere. the same across each branch

    • Components in series share the • The current splits up at each


    potential difference of the supply. branch.

    • The higher the resistance of the


    component the bigger share of p.d. it • Current will travel the circuit path
    takes. that has the lowest resistance

    • V = I x R holds for individual components • Total current in at a junction will


    and the whole circuit equal the total current out.
    Ohm’s Law and Resistance
    If a resistor is kept at a constant temperature, resistance remains
    unchanged.

    Resistance in series Resistance in parallel


    = + +
    • To work out total add the
    resistance of each resistor • Total resistance is always
    smaller than the smallest
    value resistor
    Resistors in Circuits

    LDR – will switch things on and off when light Thermistors – will switch things on and off
    levels change when temperature changes
    • Resistance falls as light intensity increases • Resistance falls as temperature increases
    • Falls rapidly for low light intensity • Falls rapidly for low temperature
    • Falls more slowly as light intensity increases • Falls more slowly as temperature increases
    Mains Electricity
    Earth – Green and Yellow – only has current when there is a fault.
    Stops electrocution!
    Fuse is connected to live wire.

    Neutral – Blue –
    completes the
    circuit - 0V (close Live – Brown – AC (+230v
    to 0V at all times) to –230v)

    Live wire touches the metal case  high current will flow to earth through
    the low resistance earth wire  fuse will melt, switching off the appliance.
    National Grid
    Stepping up
    potential difference
    reduces current.

    Wires are cooler so


    less thermal energy
    is lost to the
    environment.

    The energy is
    transferred more
    efficiently.

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