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    Zygopteris

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    manojtbgri5793
    The document discusses two fossil pteridophytes: Sphenophyllum and Zygopteris. Sphenophyllum appeared in the late Devonian period and became extinct in the Triassic period. It had a slender, irregularly branched aerial shoot with whorled leaves arranged in nodes. Its stem was longitudinally ribbed and resembled modern Sphenophylls. Zygopteris included several tree-like species up to 20 cm in diameter. It bore elaborately branched stems and cylindrical leaf stalks without pinnae called etapteris. Both plant fossils show secondary growth in their stems, with Sphenophyllum displaying a triangular primary xylem and Zygopteris a xylem

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    Zygopteris

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    manojtbgri5793
    245 views11 pages
    The document discusses two fossil pteridophytes: Sphenophyllum and Zygopteris. Sphenophyllum appeared in the late Devonian period and became extinct in the Triassic period. It had a slender, irregularly branched aerial shoot with whorled leaves arranged in nodes. Its stem was longitudinally ribbed and resembled modern Sphenophylls. Zygopteris included several tree-like species up to 20 cm in diameter. It bore elaborately branched stems and cylindrical leaf stalks without pinnae called etapteris. Both plant fossils show secondary growth in their stems, with Sphenophyllum displaying a triangular primary xylem and Zygopteris a xylem

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    The document discusses two fossil pteridophytes: Sphenophyllum and Zygopteris. Sphenophyllum appeared in the late Devonian period and became extinct in the Triassic period. It had a slender, irregularly branched aerial shoot with whorled leaves arranged in nodes. Its stem was longitudinally ribbed and resembled modern Sphenophylls. Zygopteris included several tree-like species up to 20 cm in diameter. It bore elaborately branched stems and cylindrical leaf stalks without pinnae called etapteris. Both plant fossils show secondary growth in their stems, with Sphenophyllum displaying a triangular primary xylem and Zygopteris a xylem

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    245 views11 pages

    Zygopteris

    Uploaded by

    manojtbgri5793
    The document discusses two fossil pteridophytes: Sphenophyllum and Zygopteris. Sphenophyllum appeared in the late Devonian period and became extinct in the Triassic period. It had a slender, irregularly branched aerial shoot with whorled leaves arranged in nodes. Its stem was longitudinally ribbed and resembled modern Sphenophylls. Zygopteris included several tree-like species up to 20 cm in diameter. It bore elaborately branched stems and cylindrical leaf stalks without pinnae called etapteris. Both plant fossils show secondary growth in their stems, with Sphenophyllum displaying a triangular primary xylem and Zygopteris a xylem

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    Dr. JITHESH KRISHNAN R.

    Asst. Professor,
    Dept. of Botany
    NSS College, Pandalam
    FOSSIL PTERIDOPHYTE-
    SPHENOPHYLLUM & ZYGOPTERIS
    SPHENOPHYLLUM
    SPHENOPHYLLUM
     This fossil genus appeared in Upper Devonian period &
    become extinct in the Triassic period
     The central axis of the aerial shoot was slender irregularly
    branched .
     The stem is delicate & divided into nodes & internodes.
     On the nodes leaves are formed leaves are in whorled
    arrangement.
     Usually 6-8 leaves were present on the each nodes.
     The internodes of the stem is longitudinally ribbed .This
    character is similar to Sphenophylls.
    ANATOMY OF STEM

    Resemble with root.


    At the centre a triangular mass of primary xylem present
    .
    Actinostelic stele
    Cortex consist of peripheral region of thick walled cells
    & inner region of thin walled cells.
    Stem shows secondary growth. Out side the primary
    xylem a ring of cambium is formed.
    In the secondary wood ,a pitted tracheids and xylem
    parenchyma is present .
    After the starting of cambial activity, the periderm is
    developed on the inner portion of the cortex.
    Theperiderm consist of radially arranged cells.
    Root is diarch & rarely triarch

    SPHENOPHYLLUM SECONDARY STEM ANATOMY


    WOOD
    ZYGOPTERIS

    It has several species but extensively studied


    species is Z.primeria.
    Plant body is tree like and having a trunk
    which is 20 cm in diameter.
    The main stem bears elaborately branched
    stem & leaf having a no. of leaf stalks. These
    are usually cylindrical, leaf stalk has no pinnai .
    Leaf stalk is called etapteris.
    Various names have been given to the
    fruit formation of zygopteris
    eg:Corynopteris.
    The sporangia are large and ovulate, they
    are sessile and are grouped into spherical
    structure.
    The wall of the sporangium has a broad
    band like annulus. The sporangial cavity is
    filled with homosporous spores.
    ANATOMY

    Stem

    The primary xylem is surrounded by a secondary


    wood.
    It has a xylem cylinder consist of scalariform
    trachieds.
    Etapteris
    Itinternally shows a vascular strand ,which is ‘H’
    shaped with a straight median band. Two small
    protoxylem points at the end of the median band.
    THANK YOU

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