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    Examination of Lacrimal Apparatus

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    Dr Sravya M V
    This document outlines steps for examining the lacrimal apparatus and eyeball. It describes inspecting the lacrimal sac area, puncta, and performing a regurgitation test to check for dacryocystitis. Lacrimal syringing helps locate blockages causing epiphora. Other tests include Jones dye tests and dacryocystography. Eyeball examination includes checking position, visual axes, size using ultrasonography, and movements in cardinal directions of gaze.

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    Examination of Lacrimal Apparatus

    Uploaded by

    Dr Sravya M V
    86 views16 pages
    This document outlines steps for examining the lacrimal apparatus and eyeball. It describes inspecting the lacrimal sac area, puncta, and performing a regurgitation test to check for dacryocystitis. Lacrimal syringing helps locate blockages causing epiphora. Other tests include Jones dye tests and dacryocystography. Eyeball examination includes checking position, visual axes, size using ultrasonography, and movements in cardinal directions of gaze.

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    Basic examinations

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    This document outlines steps for examining the lacrimal apparatus and eyeball. It describes inspecting the lacrimal sac area, puncta, and performing a regurgitation test to check for dacryocystitis. Lacrimal syringing helps locate blockages causing epiphora. Other tests include Jones dye tests and dacryocystography. Eyeball examination includes checking position, visual axes, size using ultrasonography, and movements in cardinal directions of gaze.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    86 views16 pages

    Examination of Lacrimal Apparatus

    Uploaded by

    Dr Sravya M V
    This document outlines steps for examining the lacrimal apparatus and eyeball. It describes inspecting the lacrimal sac area, puncta, and performing a regurgitation test to check for dacryocystitis. Lacrimal syringing helps locate blockages causing epiphora. Other tests include Jones dye tests and dacryocystography. Eyeball examination includes checking position, visual axes, size using ultrasonography, and movements in cardinal directions of gaze.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    Examination of lacrimal

    apparatus
    Anatomy
    Conditions
    • Epiphora

    • Corneal ulcer

    • Before intra ocular surgery


    Inspection of lacrimal sac area

    • Colour changes

    • Swelling

    • Fistula
    Inspection of lacrimal puncta

    • Eversion

    • Stenosis

    • Absence

    • Discharge
    Regurgitation test

    • Press over the lacrimal sac area just medial to the medial canthus

    • Observe regurgitation of any discharge from the puncta

    • Normal – negative

    • A positive regurgitation test indicates dacryocystitis


    • False negative regurgitation test
     In internal fistula
     Wrong method of performing regurgitation test
     Patient might have emptied the sac just before coming to the
    examiner's chamber
     Encysted mucocele
    Lacrimal syringing

    • Done to locate the probable site of blockage in patients with epiphora


    Other tests

    • Jone's dye test 1 & 2

    • Dacryocystography
    Examination of eyeball as a whole
    i. Position of eyeballs

    • Normally, the 2 eyeballs are symmetrically placed in the orbits in such


    a way that a line joining the central points of superior & inferior
    orbital margins just touches the cornea
    • Abnormalities of the position

    a. Proptosis/ exophthalmos(bulging of eyeballs)

    Note whether proptosis is


    • axial / eccentric
    • reducible / nonreducible
    • pulsatile / non pulsatile

    b. Enophthalmos (sunken eyeball)


    ii. Visual axes of eyeballs

    • Normally, the visual axes of the two eyes are simultaneously directed
    at the same object which is maintained in all the directions of gaze

    • Deviation in the visual axis of one eye - squint


    iii. Size of eyeball

    • Precise measurement of size by ultrasonography (A-scan)

    • Large in
    • Buphthalmos
    • Unilateral high myopia

    • Small in
    • Congenital microphthalmos
    • Phthisis bulbi
    • Atrophic bulbi
    iv. Movements of eyeball

    • Uniocular (ductions) & binocular (versions) in all the 6 cardinal directions


    of gaze

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