Human Body Cavitiespptx

BODY
ORGANIZATIONS
CELLS, TISSUE, PLANES,
DIRECTIONS, CAVITIES
BASIC STRUCTURE OF THE
HUMAN BODY
 The normal function of the human body is
compared to an organized machine
 The machine malfunctions, disease occurs
 Anatomy: study of form and structure
 Physiology: study of processes
 Pathophysiology: study of how disease occurs
and body’s response
CELLS
 Made of protoplasm which forms the basic
structure and function of all living things
 The CELL: Microscopic structures
 Carry on all functions of life (food and oxygen,
produce heat and energy, eliminate waste)
 Body contains trillions of cells
 Vary in shape and size
 Perform different functions
HUMAN BODY TISSUES:
TISSUES
 Cells of same type joined together
 60%–99% water and referred to as tissue fluid
 Not enough tissue fluid=dehydration
 Too much tissue fluid=edema
 4 main groups of tissues
 Epithelial
 Connective
 Nerve
 Muscle
TISSUE TYPES:
TYPES OF TISSUES
 Epithelial tissue covers the surface of the
body and main tissue in skin; also forms
lining of cavities and tracts; body glands
TYPES OF TISSUES
 Connective tissue is the supporting fabric of
organs and other body parts. There are 2 types:
soft and hard.
 Soft connective tissue-adipose for fat storage and
fibrous for holding body structures together
 Hard connective tissue-cartilage as shock absorber and
bone for rigid structure of body
TYPES OF TISSUES
 Nerve tissue-neurons to control and
coordinate body activities by transmitting
messages through body
TYPES OF TISSUES
 Muscle tissue-produces power and
movement by contraction of muscle fibers.
There are 3 main kinds of muscle tissue.
 Skeletal which attaches to bones and provides
movement
 Cardiac which causes heart to beat
 Visceral/smooth which is walls of respiratory,
digestive, urinary tract, and blood vessels
MUSCLE TISSUE
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS
 Organs: two or more tissues joined together for a
specific purpose
 Systems: organs and other body parts joined together
for a particular function. There are 11basic systems.
 Integumentary
 Skeletal
 Muscular
 Circulatory
 Lymphatic
 Nervous
 Respiratory
 Digestive
 Urinary
 Endocrine
 reproductive
BODY
PLANES/DIRECTIONS/CAVITIES
 These terms are used when the human body is
in anatomical position-standing with feet
together, arms down, and palms up.
 Body planes: imaginary lines drawn
through body at various levels to separate
body into sections; there are 3 main planes
3 MAIN PLANES
1. Transverse plane is horizontal plan that
divides the body into top and bottom
halves. Top half is superior and bottom half
is inferior. There are two other terms
associated with this plane.
 cranialwhich means towards the head
 caudal which means towards the tail
2. Midsagittal aka(also known as) median

plane divides the body into left and right
halves. Parts close to midline are medial
and parts further away from midline are
lateral.
PLANES AND DIRECTIONS
3. Frontal aka coronal plane divides the body
into front and back halves. The front of
the body is ventral or anterior and the back
of the body is dorsal or posterior.
4. The location of the extremities in relation
to the body truck can be called proximal
and distal.
 Proximal is close to the body
 Distal is far from the body
BODY CAVITIES
Figure 1.9a
BODY CAVITIES
 Spaces within the body that contain
vital organs
 Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is

divided into two subdivisions
 Cranial cavity is within the skull and encases the brain
 Vertebral cavity runs within the vertebral column and
encases the spinal cord
 Ventral cavity houses the internal organs (viscera),
and is divided into two subdivisions: - Thoracic and
Abdominopelvic cavities
BODY CAVITIES Figure 1.9b
BODY CAVITIES
 Thoracic cavity is subdivided into pleural
cavities, the mediastinum, and the
pericardial cavity
 Pleural cavities – each houses a lung
 Mediastinum – contains the pericardial cavity,
and surrounds the remaining thoracic organs
 Pericardial cavity – encloses the heart
VENTRAL BODY CAVITY MEMBRANES
Figure 1.10b
BODY CAVITIES
 The abdominopelvic cavity is separated
from the superior thoracic cavity by
the dome-shaped diaphragm
 It is composed of two subdivisions
 Abdominal cavity – contains the stomach,
intestines, spleen, liver, and other organs
 Pelvic cavity – lies within the pelvis and
contains the bladder, reproductive organs,
and rectum
 Parietal serosa lines internal body walls
 Visceral serosa covers the internal organs
 Serous fluid separates the serosae

Figure 1.10a
ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
 Umbilical
 Epigastric
 Hypogastric
 Right and left iliac
or inguinal
 Right and left
lumbar
 Right and left
hypochondriac
Figure 1.11a
ORGANS OF THE ABDOMINOPELVIC REGIONS
Figure 1.11b
ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS
 Right upper
(RUQ)
 Left upper (LUQ)
 Right lower
(RLQ)
 Left lower (LLQ)
Figure 1.12
OTHER BODY CAVITIES
 Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of
the digestive organs
 Nasal –located within and posterior to the
nose
 Orbital – house the eyes
 Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that
transmit sound vibrations
 Synovial – joint cavities

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BODY

2. Midsagittal aka(also known as) median

 Dorsal cavity protects the nervous system, and is

 Visceral serosa covers the internal organs

 Serous fluid separates the serosae

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