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    Energy Expenditure

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    Keerthana Ravi
    1) Energy expenditure refers to the calories required to complete tasks and is estimated from oxygen consumption during activity. 2) Total daily energy expenditure accounts for basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and energy expended during physical activity. 3) Basal metabolic rate is the minimum energy needed for essential body functions at rest and accounts for 60-75% of daily energy expenditure.

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    Energy Expenditure

    Uploaded by

    Keerthana Ravi
    25 views13 pages
    1) Energy expenditure refers to the calories required to complete tasks and is estimated from oxygen consumption during activity. 2) Total daily energy expenditure accounts for basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and energy expended during physical activity. 3) Basal metabolic rate is the minimum energy needed for essential body functions at rest and accounts for 60-75% of daily energy expenditure.

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    Energy expenditure

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    1) Energy expenditure refers to the calories required to complete tasks and is estimated from oxygen consumption during activity. 2) Total daily energy expenditure accounts for basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and energy expended during physical activity. 3) Basal metabolic rate is the minimum energy needed for essential body functions at rest and accounts for 60-75% of daily energy expenditure.

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    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    25 views13 pages

    Energy Expenditure

    Uploaded by

    Keerthana Ravi
    1) Energy expenditure refers to the calories required to complete tasks and is estimated from oxygen consumption during activity. 2) Total daily energy expenditure accounts for basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food, and energy expended during physical activity. 3) Basal metabolic rate is the minimum energy needed for essential body functions at rest and accounts for 60-75% of daily energy expenditure.

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    ENERGY

    EXPENDITURE
    SANJANA VENKATARAMAN
    I YEAR MPT (OBG)
    ENERGY EXPENDITURE
    • Refers to the total calories required to complete a given task
    • Usually estimated from the amount of oxygen consumed during activity
    • TOTAL DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE (TDEE)
    • TDEE estimates how many calories the body burns daily by accounting for
    three major contributing factors:
    - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
    - Activity level
    - Thermic effect of food metabolism
    • Overall energy expenditure = RMR + TEF + EEA

    Basal or Resting metabolic rate (BMR/ RMR)


    Thermic effect of food (TEE)
    Energy Expenditure of activity (EEA)
    BASAL OR RESTING RATE

    • Amount of energy per minute the body uses to maintain a quiet resting state
    • This is approximately 1 Cal per minute
    • Over the course of the day (and night), a person will expend a substantial amount
    of calories just to maintain the body (1440 minutes in a day x 1 Cal/min = 1440
    Cal per day)
    • Approximately 60% to 75% of the energy used every day is needed to maintain
    the essential body functions that sustain life. These functions include nervous
    system activity, breathing, heart function, thermoregulation, and hormone activity
    BMR and RMR measurements are taken under different conditions:
    BMR measurements are typically taken in a darkened room upon waking after
    8hours of sleep and 12 hours of fasting (to ensure that the digestive system is
    inactive),with the subject resting in a reclining position

    RMR measurements are typically taken under less restricted conditions than BMR,
    and do not require the subject to spend the night sleeping in the test facility prior to
    measurement. As a result, RMR has become the more popular measure, and BMR is
    not often measured anymore
    THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD

    • TEF is the energy required to process the food we eat.


    • Approximately 10% of the calories in a meal are used to digest, metabolize,
    and store the food just eaten
    • Energy expenditure is directly related to the size of the meal and the food
    composition (i.e., the amount of protein, fat, and carbohydrate)
    • Energy is also used for storing carbohydrates and fat as energy in body tissue
    ENERGY EXPENDITURE OF
    ACTIVITY
    • Amount of energy needed to fuel body movement as it occurs in activities of daily
    living, including exercise
    • Muscle tissue consumes approximately 20% of this energy at rest, but during
    vigorous exercise, the rate of energy consumption by muscle tissue may go up 50
    times or more
    • Physical activity can have dramatic impact on a person’s daily energy expenditure.
    During heavy physical exertion(vigorous activity), the muscles may burn as many
    as 1200 Cal per hour in a very fit individual. An unfit person may only be able to
    expend 200 Cal per hour. Involuntary movements such as fidgeting and posture
    control (called NEAT: non-exercise activity of thermogenesis) also contribute to
    EEA
    TDEE FORMULA
    THE HARRIS BENEDICT EQUATION =
    • For women
    BMR = 655.1 + (9.563 * weight in kg) + (1.850 * height in cm) - (4.676 * age)
    • For men
    BMR = 66.5 + (13.75 * weight in kg) + (5.003 * height in cm) - (6.75 * age)
    ENERGY EXPENDITURE AT REST

    • BASAL METABOLIC RATE: BMR is rate of energy expenditure fasted, rested


    and supine conditions in thermoneutral environment
    • RESTING METABOLIC RATE: Rate of energy expenditure when at rest but not
    basal (>BMR)
    • Influence of Body Size
    • Differences in body size usually expressed in terms of body surface area (BSA)
    • From 20-40, average values BMR are 38 kcal/m2 per hour for men and 36 kcal/m2
    for women
    • Lower BMR in women can be attributed to woman’s larger percent body fat &
    smaller muscle mass
    ESTIMATE RESTING DAILY ENERGY EXPENDITURE

    • Estimate kcal expenditure during rest by multiplying one’s surface area from
    nomogram by appropriate kcal expenditure/m² per hour by 24 hrs
    • Also possible to use Harris Bennedict formula
    • Estimated values w/i ± 5% measured values
    ENERGY EXPENDITURE IN PHYSICAL
    ACTIVITY
    EXPRESSION OF ENERGY EXPENDITURE
    • Total (gross) – Resting energy expenditure (REE) = Net energy cost of the
    activity per sec
    • Recovery energy included in Total = exercise energy + recovery energy
    • Utilization of 1 liter of O2 generates about 5 kcal of energy
    • Net O2 cost of exercise = exercise VO2 + recovery VO2 – (resting VO2 x time)
    • Energy expended during weight-bearing activities increases proportional to body
    mass.
    • There is little relationship between body mass and energy expended during non-
    weight bearing activities
    • Average daily Total Energy
    Expenditure estimated to be 2900
    - 3000 kCal for males, and 2200
    kCal for females 15-50 year of
    adult
    • Great variability exists because
    of one’s physical activity,
    average person spends __% day
    sedentary
    CLASSIFICATION OF WORK
    FACTORS:
    • Duration (min)
    • Intensity (VO2 & kCal)
    • METs - a measure of activity,
    intensity & represents an average
    person’s resting metabolism or VO2
    • 1 MET = 3.5 ml kgֿ ¹minֿ ¹
    • Intensity of work often related to
    heart rate because of linear
    relationship to oxygen uptake

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