Indian POWERGRID

Overview of INDIAN
Power Sector
Indian Power Sector
• India is the world's third largest producer and
third largest consumer of electricity.[7][8] The
national electric grid in India has an installed capacity
of 383.37 GW as of 31 May 2021.[2]
• Renewable power plants, which also include large
hydroelectric plants, constitute 37% of India's total
installed capacity. During the fiscal year (FY) 2019-20,
the gross electricity generated by utilities in India was
1,383.5 TWh and the total electricity generation
(utilities and non utilities) in the country was 1,598
TWh.[3][9]
• India has a surplus power generation capacity
but lacks adequate transmission and
distribution infrastructure. India's electricity
sector is dominated by fossil fuels, in
particular coal, which during the 2018-19
fiscal year produced about three-quarters of
the country's electricity.[11]
Thermal
• India's electricity sector consumes about 72% of the coal produced in the country. For
utility power generation, India consumed 622.22 million tons of coal during 2019-20
which is less by 1% compared to 628.94 million tons during 2018-19.
• However coal imports for utility power generation increased by 12.3% during year
2019-20 at 69.22 million tons from 61.66 million tons during 2018-19. [81] A large part of
the Indian coal reserve is similar to Gondwana coal: it is of low calorific value and high
ash content, with poor fuel value. On average, Indian coal has a gross calorific value
(GCV) of about 4500 Kcal/kg, whereas in Australia, for example, the GCV is about 6500
Kcal/kg .[82]
• The result is that Indian power plants using India's coal supply consume about 0.7 kg of
coal per kWh of power generation, whereas in the United States thermal power plants
consume about 0.45 kg of coal per kWh. In 2017, India imported nearly 130 Mtoe
(nearly 200 million tons) of steam coal and coking coal, 29% of total consumption, to
meet the demand in electricity, cement and steel production.
• The central government plans to retire coal-based plants that are at least 25 years old
and contributing excessive pollution, totalling 11,000 MW of capacity. [100] As of 2018
there is no similar retirement plan for the captive power sector
Hydal
• India is 5th globally for installed hydroelectric power capacity.[1] As of 31
March 2020, India's installed utility-scale hydroelectric capacity was 46,000
MW, or 12.3% of its total utility power generation capacity.[2] Additional
smaller hydroelectric power units with a total capacity of 4,683 MW (1.3%
of its total utility power generation capacity) have been installed.[3]
• India's hydroelectric power potential is estimated at 148,700 MW at 60%
load factor.[4] In the fiscal year 2019–20, the total hydroelectric power
generated in India was 156 TWh (excluding small hydro) with an average
capacity factor of 38.71%.
• The hydro-electric power plants at Darjeeling and Shivanasamudram were
established in 1898 and 1902, respectively. They were among the first in
Asia and India has been a dominant player in global hydroelectric power
development.[5] India also imports surplus hydroelectric power from
Bhutan.
• India is home to many hydroelectric power plants,
ranking fifth in the world for potential hydropower
capacity, which currently stands at more than 50
gigawatts (GW).
• Only China, Brazil, the US and Canada have a greater
hydropower capacity globally.
• The country has 197 hydropower plants capable of
producing more than 25 megawatts (MW),
according to the International Hydropower Association
(IHA), plus nine pumped storage stations accounting
for 4,786MW capacity.
• More than 90% of India’s hydroelectricity is operated
by the public sector through companies like NHPC,
SJVNL, NTPC-Hydro, NEEPCO.
The Tehri hydropower dam in India
Srisailam Dam – 1,670MW
• Third on the list is the 1,670MW-capacity Srisailam Dam.

• Owned by the Government of Andhra Pradesh via operator APGENCO,
Srisailam Dam is located on the Krishna River in the Nallamala Hills
near Srisailam temple, which falls under the districts of Kurnool and
Mahabubnagar.
• Both these districts are situated at the border of the two states of
Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, respectively.
• Construction of the dam began in 1960, but took more than two
decades for completion, being unveiled only in 1981.
• With a length of 512 metres and a height of 145 metres, plus 12 radial
crest gates, Srisailam Dam is considered to be India’s third-largest
working hydroelectric power project. It has a reservoir measuring 616
square kilometres.
Nuclear Power
• Nuclear power is the fifth-largest source of electricity in India after coal, gas,
hydroelectricity and wind power. As of November 2020, India has 23
nuclear reactors in operation in 7 nuclear power plants, with a total installed
capacity of 7,480 MW.[1][2] Nuclear power produced a total of 43 TWh in 2020-21,
contributing 3.11% of total power generation in India (1,382 TWh). [3] 10 more
reactors are under construction with a combined generation capacity of 8,000
MW.
• Several Indian physicists, notably Daulat Singh Kothari, Meghnad Saha, Homi J.
Bhabha and R. S. Krishnan, conducted pioneering research in nuclear physics in
Europe during the 1930s.
• In October 2010, India drew up a plan to reach a nuclear power capacity of 63
GW in 2032.[4] However, following the 2011 Fukushima nuclear disaster there have
been numerous anti-nuclear protests at proposed nuclear power plant sites. [5]
• There have been mass protests against the Jaitapur Nuclear Power Project in
Maharashtra and the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant in Tamil Nadu, and a
proposed large nuclear power plant near Haripur was refused permission by the
Government of West Bengal.
Uranium reservs in INDIA
• India's domestic uranium reserves are small and the country is dependent on
uranium imports to fuel its nuclear power industry. Since early 1990s, Russia
has been a major supplier of nuclear fuel to India.[53] Due to dwindling
domestic uranium reserves,[54] electricity generation from nuclear power in
India declined by 12.83% from 2006 to 2008.[55] Following a waiver from the
Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) in September 2008 which allowed it to
commence international nuclear trade,[56] India has signed bilateral deals on
civilian nuclear energy technology cooperation with several other countries,
including France,[57] the United States,[58] the United Kingdom,[59] Canada,[60]
and South Korea.[61] India has also uranium supply agreements with Russia,
[62][63]
Mongolia,[64] Kazakhstan,[65] Argentina[66] and Namibia.[67] An Indian
private company won a uranium exploration contract in Niger.[68]
• In March 2011 large deposits of uranium were discovered in the
Tummalapalle belt in Andhra Pradesh and in the Bhima basin in Karnataka by
the Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research (AMD) of India.
• Solar power in India is a fast developing
industry as part of the
renewable energy in India. The country's solar
installed capacity was 40.09 GW as of 31
March 2021.[2]
• The Indian government had an initial target of
20 GW capacity for 2022, which was achieved
four years ahead of schedule
1000 MW Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park .
Solar Power in AP
• Installed photo-voltaic capacity in Andhra Pradesh was 3,531 MW as of 31 August 2020.[27] The
state is planning to add 10,050 MW solar power capacity to provide power supply to farming
sector during the day time.[28][29] The state has also offered five Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects
with a total capacity of 12,200 MW to developers under renewable power export policy outside
the state.[30][31][32][33][34] Andhra Pradesh is endowed with abundant
pumped hydroelectric energy storage to make available solar power in to round the clock power
supply for meeting its ultimate energy needs.[35][36][37] The state is planning to construct 33,000
MW pumped storage projects to mitigate the intermittency associated with renewable energy.
[38]
• In 2015, NTPC agreed with APTransCo to install the 250-MW NP Kunta

Ultra Mega Solar Power Project near Kadiri in Anantapur district.[39][40] In October 2017, 1000
MW was commissioned at Kurnool Ultra Mega Solar Park which has become the world's largest
solar power plant at that time.[41] In August 2018, Greater Visakhapatnam commissioned a 2
MW Mudasarlova Reservoir grid-connected floating solar project which is the largest
operational floating solar PV project in India.[42] NTPC Simhadri has awarded BHEL to install a 25
MW floating solar PV plant on its water supply reservoir. [43] APGENCO commissioned 400 MW
Ananthapuram - II solar park located at Talaricheruvu village near Tadipatri.[44]
• Delhi
Wind Power
• Wind power generation capacity in India has
significantly increased in recent years. As of 28
February 2021, the total installed wind power
capacity was 38.789 GW, the
fourth largest installed wind power capacity in
the world
.[2][3] Wind power capacity is mainly spread
across the Southern, Western and Northern
regions.[4]
Windmills on the Tirumala hills in Andhra Pradesh
Indian Power Scenario
Total Installed Peak Demand met: Renewable:
Capacity – 304.7 GW 148 GW 44.2 GW
Type Wise Capacity

Bio Power, 4.97, 1.6% Solar, 7.81, 2.6% Peak Demand (GW)
Small Hydro, 4.31, 1.4%
Wind, 27.15, 8.9%

Installed Capacity(GW)
1200
1047
1000
Gas, 24.64, 8.1% 800 750

Nuclear, 5.78, 1.9%
Diesel, 0.92, 0.3%
600 536
Hydro, 42.88, 14.1% Coal, 186.29, 61.1% 528
400 369
251
200
As on 31-07-2016
0
2022 2027 2032
Source: Perspective Transmission Plan for 2022-36
Power Market Annual Consumption

9-10% 1100 BU
Indian
Indian PowerPower
System :System : Transmission
Transmission
POWER MAP OF INDIA 765 kV Backbone Network:
• 25,647 ckm
• 147000 MVA
HVDC (±500kV, ±800 kV)

• 12938 ckm
• 15000 MW
400 kV :
• 150021 ckm
• 216282 MVA
Inter-regional Capacity: 61150 MW
Transmission Capacity addition by

2021-22
National Grid
High Capacity Transmission MVA- Ckt km-
Corridors 3,00,000 1,30,000
High Capacity Transmission Corridors
National Grid – Present and Envisaged
Existing Present IR Capacity: 61,150 MW
Planned IR Capacity by XII Plan end: 78,050 MW
Envisaged (Cumulative)
6,00
by Mar’17 0 MW
NR
22,530MW
16,920MW 2,860MW NER
12,920MW 19,530MW
0MW
12,790 MW 2,86
WR ER
16,990 MW
7,920 MW
3,630MW
7,920 MW 7,830MW
SR
Present & Targeted IR Capacity include Pvt. Sector lines also

Figures do not include 600MW (in aggregate) pertaining to various 132kV
22
Renewable Integration
400 kV Pooling Substation, Anantpur (AP)
Transmission
Challenges and
Technologies
1200 kV National Test Station, Bina
765 kV D/C 800 kV HVDC
Proud to be INDIAN
• India is looking to deploy 1,200 kV UHV AC technology,
following the successful commissioning of the 1,200 kV Bina
National Test Station in 2016. Under this, the existing 350
km 400 kV Wardha–Aurangabad line will be upgraded to
1,200 kV, marking it as the highest voltage capacity globally.
• AREVA T&D deployed India's first 765-kV substation for the
National Thermal Power Corp. (NTPC) at Sipat, which has
been in operation since January 2007. Thanks to these
recent major orders, AREVA T&D India has now won seven
of fifteen 765-kV substation projects so far awarded in this
country.

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Indian POWERGRID

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Overview of INDIAN

• Third on the list is the 1,670MW-capacity Srisailam Dam.

• In 2015, NTPC agreed with APTransCo to install the 250-MW NP Kunta

Type Wise Capacity

Wind, 27.15, 8.9%

Gas, 24.64, 8.1% 800 750

Power Market Annual Consumption

HVDC (±500kV, ±800 kV)

Inter-regional Capacity: 61150 MW

Transmission Capacity addition by

Present & Targeted IR Capacity include Pvt. Sector lines also

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