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    D. Del Operator

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    IR. TS. DR DARMAWATY MOHD ALI

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    D. Del Operator

    Uploaded by

    IR. TS. DR DARMAWATY MOHD ALI
    8 views18 pages

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    d. Del Operator

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views18 pages

    D. Del Operator

    Uploaded by

    IR. TS. DR DARMAWATY MOHD ALI

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    DEL OPERATOR

    • Scalar vs Vector Fields


    • The Del Operator ∇
    • Gradient of a Scalar Field ∇𝑉
    Scalar Field vs Vector Field
    Scalar Field vs Vector Field (3D)
    Gradient of a Scalar Field
    • Start with a scalar field 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 .
    Gradient of a Scalar Field
    • Plot the gradient ∇𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 on top of 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 . The
    background color is the original scalar field 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦, 𝑧 .
    .
    Gradient of a Scalar Field
    • Gradient is the rate at which a physical quantity increases or
    decreases in proportion to changes in a given variable.
    • The gradient will always be perpendicular to the isocontour
    lines.
    Gradient
    the rate at which a physical quantity increases or decreases in
    • Gradient (slope) of a scalar field. proportion to changes in a given variable.

    Lines of pressure (isobars)


    Gradient is large (steep) where lines are close (fast change of
    pressure)
    Properties of the Gradient
    • The gradient of a scalar function is a vector function.
    • The magnitude of ∇ V is the local maximum rate of change in V.
    • ∇ V points in the direction of maximum rate of change in V.
    • ∇ V at any point is perpendicular to the constant V surface that passes through
    that point.
    • ∇ V points toward increasing numbers in V.
    The Del Operator 
    • The del operator  is the vector differential operator. It is sort of a 3D
    derivative.
    The Gradient ∇𝑉
    • The gradient calculates how rapidly, and in what direction, a scalar
    function is increasing.
    • The gradient of a scalar field V is a vector that represents both the
    magnitude and the direction of the maximum space rate of increase of V.
    EXAMPLE

    Find the gradient of these scalars:


    z
    (a) V  e sin 2 x cosh y
    2
    (b) U   z cos 2
    2
    (c)
    W  10r sin  cos 
    SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE

    (a) Use gradient for Cartesian coordinate:

    V V V
    V  ax  ay  az
    x y z
     2e  z cos 2 x cosh ya x  e  z sin 2 x sinh ya y
     e  z sin 2 x cosh ya z
    SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE (Cont’d)

    (b) Use gradient for Circular cylindrical


    coordinate:

    U 1 U U
    U  a  a  az
       z
     2 z cos 2a   2 z sin 2a
    2
      cos 2a z
    SOLUTION TO EXAMPLE (Cont’d)

    (c) Use gradient for Spherical coordinate:

    W 1 W 1 W
    W  ar  a  a
    r r  r sin  
     10 sin 2  cos a r  10 sin 2 cos a
     10 sin  sin a
    Determine the gradient of the following scalar fields:

    (a) y + xyz
    (b)
    (c)
    Answer:

    (a)
    (b)
    (c) -

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