06 Module 3 Risk Assessment (WEM)

MODULE 3: RISK
ASSESSMENT
Working Environment Measurement
(WEM)
By: Engr. Iñigo Ezekiel Q. Cabase
RECAP OF WHAT WE HAVE LEARNED SO
FAR
• Accident is any unplanned or unexpected
occurrence that resulted in personal injury,
property damage, work stoppage or
interference or any combination thereof, which
arises out of an in the course of employment
• The immediate causes of accidents are
unsafe or unhealthy ACTS and
CONDITIONS.
 Unsafe or Unhealthy ACTS are any violation of
commonly accepted safe procedures and/or
processes
 Unsafe or Unhealthy CONDITIONS are any
physical or chemical property of a material,
machine or the environment that may result in
injury to a person, damage or destruction to
property and other losses.
FAR
• Industrial Hygiene is the science and art
devoted to the IDENTIFICATION,
EVALUATION, and CONTROL of
environmental factors or stresses arising in or
from the workplace which may cause sickness,
impaired health and well-being, or significant
discomfort and inefficiency among workers.
• The basic step of industrial hygiene

1st Identify the Hazard 3rd Control the Hazard
2nd Evaluate the risks

FAR
• How do we identify the Hazard?
 Walk-through survey / ocular inspection
 Review the process involved
 Knowing the raw materials used, products and
by-products
 Gathering of worker’s complaints
 Safety Data Sheet
• Hazards can be Categorized as

Safety Hazards Health Hazards
 Tripping, Falling, and slipping hazards (poor housekeeping)  Physical Hazards
 Mechanical Hazards  Chemical Hazards
 Electrical Hazards  Biological Hazards
 Fire  Ergonomic Hazards
 Material Handling
FAR
• Hazard Statement
• Is a phrase that describes the nature of the hazard. It will also
determine by the application of the classification criteria.
Formula
Hazard Statement = Description of Hazard/Unsafe or unhealthy ACTS or CONDITION
+ Untoward Consequences/Hazardous Event
Why did you consider it as Hazard

What will be the effect / result if exposed
or contacted to Hazard
EXAMPLE
No Work Activity Hazard Possible Effect
1 “Work being Safety Hazards Bruises, cuts, fracture
done” 1. Poor housekeeping that may lead to
(ex. Grinding tripping hazards (scattered tools, wire &
works, welding materials)
works, etc.)
Health Hazards Irritation, respiratory

2. Exposure or inhalation of chemical fumes disorders
that may lead to respiratory problems
6
CAN YOU
SPOT THE
HAZARDS
7
CAN YOU SPOT THE HAZARDS
No Work Activity Hazard Possible Effect
1 Drilling on elevated Safety Hazards Bruises, cuts, fracture
platform 1. Scattered tools, wires & materials that may lead to
Tripping
2. Open sides and edges (unprotected platform) may lead to Bruises, cuts, fracture, or death
falling (minor to major injury)
3. Flying particles may struck eyes and lead to eye injury Foreign body in the eyes, eye
injury, eye irritation, blindness
4. Plug not fully inserted may cause electrical malfunction & Burn injury, death, property
Fire damage, loss of operation
Health Hazards Muscle and bone disorder

1. Awkward posture due to improper distance on wall that
may lead to musculoskeletal disorders
2. Contact to vibration due to unproper holding Numbness, Pain, Hand Arm
Vibration Syndrome
3. Exposure or inhalation of dust that may lead to respiratory Irritation, Lung problems
8
problems
WORKPLACE
ENVIRONMENT
MEASUREMENT
OBJECTIVE
At the end of this session, the participants will be able to:
1. Discuss the Work Environment Measurement (WEM) and its importance in

evaluating the hazards in the workplace and monitoring exposure to workers
2. Comply with the industrial hygiene related OSHS provision and other
issuances, laws and guidelines
3. Explain the Threshold Limit Values (TLV) and its importance in evaluating
worker’s exposure
10
OSH
STAND
ARDS
11
DO 160-16
GUIDELINES ON THE ACCREDITATION OF
CONSULTING ORGANIZATIONS TO PROVIDE WORK
ENVIRONMENT MEASUREMENT (WEM) SERVICES
Click here for all

the accredited
WEM service
providers from
DOLE
12
PURPOSE OF WEM
1. To determine the magnitude of harmful
environment agents
2. To periodically check the environment
through measurement
3. To predict harmfulness of new facilities,
raw materials, production processes and
working methods
4. To monitor worker’s exposure to harmful
substances
5. To evaluate the effectiveness of
environmental control measures adopted
to improve the workplace and
6. To maintain favorable environment
conditions
1
3
ADVERSE EFFECTS FROM STRESSORS ARE AFFECTED BY INDIVIDUAL SUSCEPTIBILITY
1. SEX
2. AGE
3. PREGNANCY
4. DIET
5. LYFESTYLE
14
Rule 1077.03 -
Requirements:
(1) Working environment
measurement shall
WHAT IS BEING include temperature,
humidity, pressure,
DETERMINED IN illumination, ventilation,
WEM?
CONTAMINANTS / STRESSORS
concentration of
substances and noises
15
TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
• Dry Bulb Temperature
• Wet Bulb Temperature
• Humidity
16
PRESSURE
17
ILLUMINATI
ON
1
8
VENTILATIO
N
CONCENTRATION SUBSTANCE
• CO & CO2 Level
• VOC
• H2S
20
NOISE
21
Annual Calibration
Certificate and
Sticker for the
Equipment
22
AREA MONITORING
PERSONAL MONITORING
FACTORS TO CONSIDER WEM
1. Identify the Job/Process

2. Identify the health hazards involved in the
Job/Process
3. Identify the possible source of the health hazard
4. Identify the specific area where the health hazard
might possibly occur
5. Identify the length of exposure to the health
hazard
26
SOURCES OF INFO IN WEM
1. Chemical Inventory
2. Process & Equipment Review
3. Plant Lay-out
4. Walkthrough survey
27
D0 136-14
GUIDELINES FOR THE
IMPLEMENTATION OF GLOBALLY
HARMONIZED SYSTEM (GHS) IN
CHEMICAL SAFETY PROGRAM IN THE
WORKPLACE
28
29
2
30
EQUIPMENT REVIEW
31
PLANT
LAY-OUT
• Example of plant
lay-out with
sampling points for
WEM parameters
WALK-
THROUGH
SURVEY
32
EVALUATION /
ASSESSMENT
3
3
THE MEASUREMENT DATA WILL BE COMPARED
WITH THE EXISTING STANDARDS OR GUIDELINES:
• Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
• Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL)
• Occupational Exposure Limits (OEL)
• Recommended Exposure Limits (REL)
• Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC)
THE MEASUREMENT DATA WILL BE COMPARED
WITH THE EXISTING STANDARDS OR GUIDELINES:
• Threshold Limit Values (TLV)
 These are exposure guidelines that have been established for airborne concentration of many
chemical compounds.
 Concentration of hazards that exceed the TLVs can cause adverse effect to humans
• Three categories of TLVs

 Time weighted average (TLV-TWA)
 The Average concentration for a normal 8-hour workday (48-hour work week), to which nearly all workers
may be repeatedly exposed, day after day, without adverse effects.
 Short term exposure limit (TLV-STEL)
 Concentration where exposure should be no longer than 15-mins and not more than 4x/day, 60-mins
between successive exposure
 Ceiling (TLV-C)
 The concentration that should never be exceeded during any part of the working exposure
TABLE 8
Threshold Limit Values for Airborne Contaminants
Agent / Sampled Recommended TLV

Stressor
Lead (Pb) 0.01 0.15 TWA
Inorganic 8h/day
48h/week
36
TABLE 8

Stressor
Toluene 100 375 TWA
8h/day
48h/week
Toluene 500 375 STEL
15mins
<4x/day
37
TABLE 8

Stressor
Hydrogen 5 7 TLV-C
Chloride <7
38
EXPOSURE STANDARDS, GUIDELINES &
ACCEPTED
STANDARDS STANDARDS
 Legally acceptable limits (Rule 1070 OSHS Establishes the TLVs)
GUIDELINES
 Recommended maximum exposure which are voluntary and not legally enforceable.
ACCEPTED STANDARDS
 Occupational Safety & Health Standards (OSHS)
 American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)
 Occupational Safety & Health Administration
 American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
(ASHRAE)
39
ACTION LEVEL (CHEMICALS)
For hazardous substances, this is a concentration designated for
specific substances calculated as an eight (8)-hour time-
weighted average. The Action Level (AL) is always lower than
the Permissible Exposure Level (PEL). Frequently, in fact, the
action level is 50% of the permissible level.
Exposure Limits for Selected Chemical Agents
(as 8-hour Time Weighted Average except for C notation)
Chemicals TLV (ACGIH) TLV (ACGIH) TLV (DOLE) PEL (OSHA)
USA 2015 USA 2003 Phils. 1990 USA 1997
Ammonia 25 ppm 25 ppm 50 ppm 50 ppm
Asbestos (all forms) 0.1 f/cc 0.1 f/cc 2 f/cc 0.1 f/cc
Benzene 0.5 ppm 0.5 ppm C 25 ppm 1.0 ppm
Carbon monoxide 25 ppm 25 ppm 50 ppm 50 ppm
Cotton dust (raw) 0.1 mg/m3 0.2 mg/m3 1.0 ppm 0.2 mg/m3
Ethyl ether 400 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm 400 ppm
Formaldehyde C 0.3 ppm C 0.3 ppm C 0.5 ppm C 0.75 ppm
Hydrogen sulfide 10 ppm 10 ppm 10 ppm C 20 ppm
Lead, inorganic 0.05 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3 0.15 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3
Mercury (all forms) 0.025 mg/m3 0.025 mg/m3 0.05 mg/m3 1.0 mg/10m3
Toluene 20 ppm 50 ppm 100 ppm 200 ppm
41
WHAT DO WE DO NOW WITH THE WEM RESULTS?
If WEM results shows failed compliance, verify the
hazard being monitored at the:
1. SOURCE
2. PATHWAY
3. END
Noise, Ventilation, Heat Stress, Cold Stress,
Chemicals, Vibration, Pressure
42
SAMPLE OF WEM REPORT
43
44
SAMPLE OF WEM RESULTS
45
46
47
WEM, AN
IMPORTANT
STEP IN RISK
ASSESSMENT
4
8
CLEAR POINTS
• The degree of hazard from exposure to harmful environmental factors or stresses would depend
on the following:
1. Nature of the material involved
2. Intensity of exposure
3. Duration of exposure
4. Individual susceptibility
• The employers shall exert effort to maintain, control and carry out WEM to their workplace
• Provision of OSHS Rule 1077 including related DOLE issuances must be complied with.
• The conduct of WEM through area or personal monitoring is important to know the levels of
exposure of the workers to the different hazards in the workplace
CLEAR POINTS
• Threshold Limit is defined and categorized into three Time-Weighted Average, Short-Term
Exposure Limit, and Ceiling
• Other references or guidelines may be used for health hazards that are not specified in the OSHS
• The Levels of exposure should be compared with the TLVs
• Measured valued must be within or should not exceed the TLV to ensure no adverse effect of health to
the workers
• Measured values in action level or has exceeded the TLVs should be appropriately controlled.
“A MAN IS NOT FINISHED
WHEN IS DEFEATED, HE
IS FINISHED WHEN HE
QUITS.”
Richard M. Nixon
DO YOU HAVE
ANY QUESTIONS?
Thank you!

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MODULE 3: RISK

• The basic step of industrial hygiene

2nd Evaluate the risks

• Hazards can be Categorized as

Why did you consider it as Hazard

Health Hazards Irritation, respiratory

Health Hazards Muscle and bone disorder

1. Discuss the Work Environment Measurement (WEM) and its importance in

Click here for all

1. Identify the Job/Process

• Three categories of TLVs

Agent / Sampled Recommended TLV

Agent / Sampled Recommended TLV

Agent / Sampled Recommended TLV

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