Electrical System

I HOWO Series Electrical System Brief Introduction

II Electrical System Main Components Introduction

III Read The Electrical Diagram

IV Trouble Diagnosis And Troubleshooting

I.HOWO Series Electrical System Brief Introduction

CMIC: Customized Modular Instrument Cluster MCS: Menu Control Switch

EOL: End Off Line
 Example of introduction

indicator
Working light
h t
l ig
g
in
rk
Wo
en
op

Execute signal
The cab and chassis connection socket

XE3 socket
XE1 socket XE2 socket

XC1 socket XC3 socket

XC2 socket
 Adjust the Dashboard screen ----MCS switch
Man-machine interface , it is used to turn the page, adjust the time and the
brightness of the dashboard.
 Air pressure
sensor １、 2

Clutch switch

Brake switch
 Rocker arm switch

Front fog light switch

WG9719584012 Hazard switch
WG9719584004

Light switch Rear fog light SW Electrical–air horn exchange switch

WG9719584011 WG9719584013 WG9719584004

MCS knob
WG9719582054

AC operation penal
WG1630840322

interwheel differential lock

switch
WG9719582011 Engine diagnosis switch
WG9719582020

Interaxle differential lock Work lamp switch

WG9719582012 ABS diagnosis switch
WG9719582007
WG9719582014
 Yellow label ： low
/high gear switch
Green label ： neutral gear
switch

odometer

Read label ： reverse gear

switch
White label ： interwheel
differential lock solenoid valve

Red label ： interaxle differential

lock solenoid valve

Green label ： exhaust brake

solenoid valve
This system is able to connect with other modules involving CAN
communication functions, All messages to CMIC are transferred from
CBCU3 ; all functions are programmed via PLC. The system can realize
the customized functions easily and with high reliability.
The switch signals are sent to CBCU, CBCU will process the signals
and output actuating signals to actuator directly or indirectly. At the
same time, CBCU sends signals by I-CAN to CMIC, the indicator lamp
is on or the information is shown on the display screen.
The sensor signals transfer to the CBCU, CBCU will convert them and
send them to CMIC in the same way, you will see the information from
the dashboard.
The CBCU has diagnosis function, any error happens, the CBCU will
receive the signals and show it on the dashboard with red or yellow
lamps. The red warning lamp means the problem is very serious, It's
not allowed to drive vehicles when this error exists, otherwise it could
endanger the safety of life and property!
 When serious error found, telltale of “STOP” will on. The speaker will keep
working when engine is running. Related errors:
1. Air pressure sensor 1 open circuit (the sensor resistance ≥ 240 Ω ）
2. Air pressure sensor 2 open circuit(the sensor resistance ≥ 240 Ω ）
3. Air pressure 1 short circuit （ the sensor resistance ≤5Ω ）
4. Air pressure 2 short circuit (the sensor resistance ≤5Ω)
5. Air pressure 1 low
6. Air pressure 2 low
7.Air pressure 4 low
8. Oil pressure sensor error
9. Oil pressure low (<0.06Mpa)
10. Engine over speed(>2600rpm)
11. driver cabin unlocked(Vehicle speed>15km/
12. Coolant temperature high (>95℃)

If error is caused by 1-12,press MCS to pause the speaker for one minute, and
speaker will restart after one minute or if new serious error found within one
minute.
The yellow indicator means the problem is general problems, the driver
should deal with the problems or drive his vehicle to the nearest work shop
to repair it. When general errors as listed below are found, "Warning"
telltale will be on. If engine is running currently, speaker will alarm 10 times
with frequency once/second for error1-error8.
1. Fuel level low;
2. Fuel level sensor open load (resistance>240 Ω);
3. Fuel level sensor short-circuit;
4. Coolant temperature sensor short to GND
5. Coolant temperature sensor open load (resistance>50k Ω)
6. Charging indicator (D+ voltage<23.5Vor the voltage of battery is less than 26.0V);
7. High voltage of system (>30V);
8. Low voltage of system (<19V);
9. Air filter block
10. Vehicle over speed
11. Seatbelt unlock
When errors occur, the CMIC will display the error text and light up the warning
telltale.
 For error 9, speaker will alarm 20s, buzzer speaker will stop
buzzing and LCD will not display error any more while the error
clears, but the air filter blocked warning telltale must be cleared by
ignition key.
For error 10,CMIC will display the error text and "Warning"
telltale will be on while vehicle speed is more than 115km/h(only for
EGR,CNG/LNG engine).
For error 11, general warning telltale will be on and speak will
alarm for 6s while seat belt unlocks and engine is running. The
seat belt unlocked warning telltale would be lit up while seat belt
unlocked.
The general warning telltale will also be on when the following circumstances
happen, but the speaker will not work in this case:
1. CBCU3 power G1 error; 2. CBCU3 power G2 error;
3. CBCU3 power G3 error; 4. CBCU3 power G4 error;
5. CBCU3 power G5 error; 6. CBCU3 power G6 error;
7. Tractor brake light error; 8. Trailer brake light error;
9. Tractor left front/rear turning lights error; 10. Tractor left turning light error;
11. Trailer left turning light error; 12. Tractor right front/rear turning lights error;
13. Tractor right side turning light error; 14. Trailer right turning light error;
15. Front fog light error ; 16. Rear fog light error; 17. Trailer rear fog light error;
18. High beam relay error; 19. Low beam error; 20. Reverse light error;
21. Trailer reverse light error; 22. Tractor left position light error;
23. Tractor right position light error; 24. Switch light error;
25. Washer motor error; 26. Solenoid of differential lock between wheels error;
27. Solenoid of differential lock between axles error;
These messages are used to inform the driver to fix the problems.
II. Electrical System Main Components Introduction
The complete vehicle electrical system is composed by power supply
circuit, start circuit, lighting and light signaling circuit, instrument
information system circuit, auxiliary device circuit and electrical control
unit.
(1) power supply circuit
it is also called charging circuit, which is consist of battery, alternator and
charging indicator. Power distributor or circuit protector are also belong to
this system.
(2) start circuit
it is composed by starter, starter relay, start switch and start protective
circuit. The preheater system and its control system also can be classified
to this system.
(3)lighting and lighting signaling circuit
it consist of headlamp, fog light, marker lamp, turning light, brake light,
reverse light, interior light and related relay, switches .etc.
(4) Instrument information system circuit
It is composed of dashboard, sensors, indicator lamps and MCS. etc.
(5) Auxiliary device circuit
It is designed for improving the vehicle security and comfortable. The
circuit consists of the wiper and wash control unit, air-conditioner system,
audible device, the door and windows controller, .etc.
(6) Electrical Control Unit
It is composed of Engine ECU (including fuel injection, emission
control .etc.), TCU, ABS ECU, ECAS .etc.
(1) Battery
Battery is the original power supply for the whole vehicle, it is
used to supply power to ignition system, or to other electrical
device when the engine is off. Convert the electric power to
chemical energy and store it. The structure is as the follows:
There are four common troubles for the battery, which are the battery
capacity lower, self-discharge ,charging failure and the electrolyte over-
consume.
① the battery capacity lower mainly caused by the following reasons:
1.New battery doesn’t regular cycle charge and discharge, or doesn’t
charge full.
2. Charging failure cause battery power-lack.
3. The electrolyte concentration is lower than the specified value, or only
add pure water when the electrolyte is leakage.
4. The electrolyte concentration is high, or use electrolyte to substitute
pure water and the liquid level too low causing the pole plate sulfuration.
② battery self-discharge
Put the full charged batter 1-2 days, the battery power becomes very
low. The light is weak or the horn doesn’t ring or sound is very weak,
which means the battery is self-discharge. It is caused by the following
reasons :
(1) The battery separator is damaged or breakdown, and the metal
filing mixed into the electrolyte .
(2) There are too much foreign matters at the bottom of the battery
case causing short circuit inside the battery
(3) The battery cover is too dirty or the electrolyte overflow too much at
the bad rod conditions which cause short circuit between the
terminal.
③ charging failure
the battery charges failure means the engine and the related parts
(such as the belt ) work normally, the battery charges for a long time
but the voltage increase slowly. It may be caused by the following
reasons:
(1) the connector of the charging circuit is loose or rust, which cause
the resistance increase and decrease the current strength.
(2) the alternator is bad.
(3) the separator is sulfuration to stop the chemical reaction.
(4) the battery separator is damaged due to charging or discharging in
large current, the electrolyte concentration is too large and the liquid
level is under the minimum line.
④ the electrolyte over-consume
The electrolyte over-consume means the liquid is not enough after
charging the electrolyte for a short time. This trouble is possibly caused by
the following reasons :
(1) Too large charging or discharging current cause the electrolyte
excessive evaporation or overflow.
(2) The separator is damaged causing short circuit
(3) The battery body is broken causing liquid leakage.
There are three methods to test the battery, they are voltage test,
capacity test and electrolyte specific gravity test.
(1) Voltage test
Voltage test device—universal meter

I. Insert the red test lead probe wire pen into the “V” socket, black test lead probe
wire pen into the “COM” socket.
II. Turn the function select switch to 20V at DC area, connect the pen
to its corresponding terminal.
III. Read the value from the screen.
The detail judgment from the following table:

voltage Judgment Troubleshooting

More than 12.6V Normal

12.6 － 11.5V Under charge Charge

Over discharge or
Less than 11.5V Check after charging
internal fault
(2) Capacity test
Capacity gauge is short for capacity test gauge. It can test the battery
capacity directly .
Test method : connect the positive end and negative end of the capacity
gauge with the positive terminal and negative terminal of the battery,
power on 3-5s, and check the position of the pointer. The Capacity gauge
is as the following picture :
The detail judgment is as the following table :

the display of the

capacity gauge Judgment Troubleshooting

white area power sufficient

green area normal

yellow area Power lack Charging

power lack serious check after

red area
or internal fault charging
(3) Electrolyte specific gravity test
Because the electrolyte gravity will increase after charging and
decrease after discharging, we can judge the battery conditions
according this rule. The detail judgment is as follows :
Rate of the specific
Judgment Troubleshooting
gravity g/cm3 （ 25℃ ）
More than 1.300 the electrolyte concentration is Use deionized water to
too high, add the wrong adjust the specific
electrolyte gravity
1.260 － 1.280 power sufficient
1.220 － 1.260 power lack re-charging
Less than 1.220 － 1.100 over discharge, the Check it after charging
concentration is too low or
have problems
The difference between the unit cell have problems Check it after charging
cell unit more than 0.04 possibly
Check the temperature as well as checking the specific gravity, and then
convert it refers to the following equation :
D25 = Dt+ a( T-25)
D25: the specific gravity at 25℃
Dt: the specific gravity at t℃
T: the electrolyte actual temperature
a: correction factor, a=0.0007

1.Gravitometer 2.glass tube 3.rubber ball

 (2) Alternator
The function of the alternator are charging the battery and supplying
the power to electrical equipment when the engine working.
The alternator must have voltage regular to control the output
voltage, which makes the voltage stable to meet the requirements of
the electrical device.
End cover
Fan Belt pulley

Electric brush Rotor Stator

Voltage regular
Lead the power to producing Produce AC electromotive force
Convert the AC to DC
the coil of the rotor magnetic field
 The power generation principle:

B+: alternator positive terminal, it usually connects with the battery positive terminal.
D+: alternator excitation end, tandem connects a 1.5-6W charging indicator
N: neutral point, connect with the relay ( some alternator don’t have this point)
W: we call it phase terminal, we get the engine speed signal from it.
E: GND point.
(1) The engine drives the rotor
(2) The electric brush energizes the rotor to producing
magnetic field (exciting current, this is for brushed
alternator, for brushless alternator, it will supply power
directly).
(3) The stator will induct alternating inductive
electromotive force
(4) the voltage regular will convert it to direct current and
out put it.
The charging system usually have 4 troubles : battery not charging, the
charging current is too large or small or the charging current is not stable.
(1) Battery not charging
When the engine is working, the charging indicator is on .
(2) Troubleshooting
1) Check whether the connector is firm.
2) Check whether the charging circuit is perfect: use test light to
connect the “B+” and the alternator housing, if the light is on, which
means the charging circuit is no problem, if the light isn’t on, which
means the charging circuit is
3) Check whether the alternator works well. Connect the “B+” with “D+”,
the light is on, start the engine, if the light is still on, which means the
alternator have problems, if the light is off, which means the alternator
is OK.
(2) The charging current is too small
1.Reasons
1). The regulating voltage of the regulator is too high
2) Mechanical failure : the belt is loosen, diode breakdown, the brush
wearing too much, or the bearing is too tighten.
3) Electrical failure: stator winding, the stator winding is short circuit or
bad connection
(3) The charging current is too large
1. Reasons
The voltage regulator is damaged.
(4) The charging current is not stable
Reasons
1) Belt is loosen or the brush wearing too much
2) Bad connection 3) regulator problems
The detail steps to judge whether the alternator works well :
Malfunction 1: the engine working, but the indicator is still on
The indicator is dark The indicator is on The indicator is flashing

Increase the engine speed to 1500r/min, switch on

the headlamp and AC, measure the voltage
between the B+ terminal and alternator housing.

26V<U<29.5V
＜ 26V
＞ 29.5 V

Trouble shooting
The alternator is in Check A, the ignition circuit , whether the
good condition B+ terminal and D+ terminal connects
well; B, whether the two poles connects
firm and no rust, whether the battery is
aged, C whether the belt is tensioned and
not aged
No problem

alternator should be replaced

Malfunction 2: switch on the switch, but the indicator is not on (the
engine is off).

The indicator is off

check the exciting circuit (switch the key switch to on, let the
D+ end touch the alternator housing and remove it quickly)

The indicator is still off.

The indicator
flashes

The alternator suppose ok, check the exciting circuit.

repair the
alternator
(3) Central connecting box

XK socket

GND point

15 power

30 power From left to right

XA 、 XB 、 XC 、 XD 、 XE 、 X
F 、 XG
The K3 and K17 are designed for ADR vehicle, so the socket is empty
(4) CBCU (Central Body Control Unit)

• Stable control system technology

• Integrated with the whole vehicle control system to make repair simple
• Output error detection (open load, overload, short-circuit), protection for
overload and short-circuit; the error information is indicated by text, error
indicator or sound.
• Deal with the ABS error information and display it by text.
• Receiving, processing and distributing of data via CAN-interfaces;
Storage of error messages
The main function for the CBCU is as listed :
• Process signals ,such as the switch or sensors, and
control the electrical device connected with it, such
as the light ,wiper.
• Receive and deal with the information from other
controller unit by CAN-bus, and make the whole
system works normally.
• Send information to other system
• Monitor the current system , if error occurs, it will
drive the warning information.
• Store the error message, and read it by EOL from
CAN bus.
The software for the CBCU:
CBCU3 self-driven software.
CAN driver for ICAN (connect instrument), PCAN (powertrain) and MCAN (node).
Customized program for independent vehicles.
Explanation of Vehicle Electrical controlled program NO
03 HW02 1 1112 01 E
03: Factory NO （ 03 indicates Continental CBCU system, 03 indicates Continental CBCU3 system ）
HW0: Vehicle type （ 3 digits ）
First two digits describe proper vehicle type:
HW indicates that this program the for HOWO series type,
A7 indicates it is for HOWO-A7.
Last one digits describe version change because of vehicle change or hardware change:
2: Type of oil pressure and air pressure sensors （ 0 － both are residence sensors,1 － Oil pressure
sensor is voltage, air pressures sensor are residence, 2 － both are voltage sensors ）
1: Vehicle engine type （ 1 － CRS 2 － EGR 3 － CNG 4 － HINO 6 － LNG ）
1112 ： Version generation date
01 ： Version NO.
E ： Language （ C － Chinese E － English ）
 The definition of the CBCU Pins :

Out put pins :

C current sense
D diagnosable switch
L Low side switch
H high side switch
2A Switch current in Ampere
SENSE option: current sensor available to be used for current control
In put pins :
D diagnosable input
H High active input
L Low active input
W Wakeup input
8mA Current Switch
 WG9725584029
WG9716580023 ECU installation box
（ CBCU ）

AZ9724580002 CBCU
Q2714216
CBCU( ＡＢＣＤＥＦ installation plate
Self-tapping screw socket from left to
right ）
NO. CBCU3 signals Color of wire NOTE

A01 Solenoid of differential lock, wheels BFA G6,D,H,2.7A

SENSE opt
A02 Power G6, PWR_G6(Kl.30) BG

A03 GND L GND

A04 Pre-Heater Relay BK G6,D,H,2.8A

SENSE opt
A05 Solenoid of differential lock, axles BFC G5,D,H,2.7A
SENSE opt.
A06 Marker light left, Height light left EF G5,D,H,2.8A
License light SENSE opt.
A07 Front fog lights EBD G6,D,H,5.6A,

A08 PWR_G5 (KL.30) BF/AC

A09 Marker light right, Height light right EA G5,D,H,2.8A

SENSE opt.
NO CBCU signals Color NOTE NO CBCU signals Color NOTE
of wire Of wire

B01 B13 Cabin door unlocked LC D.8mA.level pro

B02 B14 Seat beat warning LN D.1mA.level pro

B03 B15 Light control switch KLA D.1mA.level pro
position II
B04 B16 Air pressure low, KLB D.1mA.level pro
brake circuit III
B05 Engine Emission D.1mA.level pro. B17 Air pressure low. KB
Brake circuit IV
B06 B18 Air horn relay KC G5,D,H,0.2A

B07 GND L GND B19 PTO relay BFD G5,D,H,1.7A

SENSE opt
B08 GND L GND B20 MCS Enter LK D.1mA.level pro

B09 Trailer ABS warning HB D.1mA.level pro. B21 Relay ,trailer small F G5,D,H,1.0A
signal light
B10 Brake Switch LA D.0.8mA.level ro. B22 Null

B11 Engine preheating LG D.8mA.level pro B23 Electrical horn relay KA G5,D,H,0.2A
signal
B12 B24 Wipe low &interval KD G5,D,H,0.2A
speed relay
NO. CBCU Signals Color NOTE NO. CBCU3 Signals Color NOTE
of wire of wire
C01 PCAN_H KC C13 Pre-heating Signal BAC W.H.D.8mA.level prg
(EGR Engine)
C02 PCAN_L KD C14 reserved

C03 PCAN GND GND C15 reserved

C04 K-line LA C16 reserved

C05 Ele./Air horn select Switch LF D,1mA,level pro C17 Service parking brake KA D.8mA,level prg

C06 Multi.Switch pos.1(Low CD D,1mA,level pro C18 PTO switch HA D.8mA,level prg
beam)
C07 Multi.switch pos.2(High C D,1mA,level pro C19 PTO neutral switch HB D.8mA,level prg
beam)
C08 MCS Left KLA D,8mA,level pro C20 Differential Switch, BL D.8mA,level prg
wheels
C09 Multi.Switch pos.4(right GA D,8mA,level pro C21 Frequency input KGB
turning light Switch) 1(rpm)
C10 Multi.Switch pos.5(left GF D,8mA,level pro C22 Frequency input D
turning light switch) 2(vehicle speed)
C11 Reverse switch BA D,8mA,level pro C23 Null

C12 Dimout remark : Dim-out AC D,8mA,level pro C24 Null

works when C12 is open
load. The outside lights
can work when C12 is
connected to KL30.
NO CBCU signals Color NOTE NO CBCU signals Color NOTE
of wire of wire
C25-C26 NULL C39-C41 NULL

C27-C29 Reserved C42-C44 GND L GND

C30 Differential EA D,1mA,level prg. C45 NULL

switch, axles
C31 Full Wheel KF D,1mA,level prg. C46 PTO neutral BFG G4,D,H,1A
Drive/Lifting axle Switch
Switch
C32 Cabin Unlocked KFL D,8mA,level prg. C47 NULL
warning
C33 Engine error G D,1mA,level prg. C48 Right position A G4,D,H,0.
Light Relay, trailer 2A

C34 Exhaust brake BKF D,8mA,level prg C49 Null

switch
C35 Gearbox climb LFE D,8mA,level prg C50 Rear Foglights DFC G4,D,H,1.
Switch Tractor 8A,C

C36 MCS right KLB D,8mA,level prg C51 Null

C37 Sensor Power 1 Max.10mA C52 Reversing Lights. BC G4,D,H,1.

Tractor 8A,C
C38 Sensor Power 2 Max.10mA
N0. CBCU signals Color Note N0. CBCU signals Color Note
of wire of wire
D01 Light switch KE W,H.D,8mA,level D11 Analog input 1(air LK Resistance
position II prg. pressure sensor circuit 1) sensor
D02 Sensor GND N GND D12 Analog input 2 (air LG Resistance
pressure sensor circuit 2) sensor
D03 Sensor GND N GND D13 Analog input 3 (fuel level LB Resistance
sensor) sensor
D04 Sensor GND N GND D14 Analog input 4 (generator K Voltage sensor
D+) (inlet air temperature Resistance
sensor ) sensor
D05 Diff. lock LKC D,8mA,level prg D15 Analog input 5 (coolant HB Resistance
signal,axles temperature sensor) sensor
D06 Front foglight LC D,8mA,level prg D16 Analog input 6 LD Voltage sensor
switch (oil pressure sensor)
D07 Rear foglight CD D,8mA,level prg D17 ICAN_H HA Connected to
switch CMIC Pin 8
D08 ASR signal H D,8mA,level prg D18 ICAN_H

D09 Gearbox LF D,8mA,level prg D19 ICAN_L HB Connected to

neutral switch CMIC Pin 10
D10 ICAN_GND GND D20 ICAN_L
NO. CBCU3 Color NOTE NO. CBCU3 Color NOTE
Signals of wire Signals of wire

D21 Sensor GND N GND D31 Sensor power Max.20mA/

supply(+5) voltage

D22 Hazard switch LN W.H.8mA. D32 Horn button (on steering KC D.1mA,level prg.
level prg wheel )

D23 Light control switch LA W.H.D.8mA, D33 FWD Signal LKE D.8mA.level prg
position 1 (small light level prg
switch
D24 Multi-switch pos.7.1 (wiper BKL D,8mA,level D34 Differential lock , wheels LKA D.8mA.level prg
interval) prg. signal

D25 Multi-switch pos.7.2 (wiper BKD D,8mA,level . D35 Oil pressure low KD D.8mA.level prg
low speed ) prg warning(EGR Engine)

D26 Multi-switch pos. 8 BD D.8mA,level.p D36 ADR signal (for ADR W.H.D.1mA.
(washer) rg vehicle) level prg

D27 Wiper return signal LFE D.1mA,level.p D37 Air filter blocked KI D.8mA.level prg
rg

D28 Lifting axle function LE D.1mA,level.p D38 NULL

confirm rg

D29 PTO signal LKD D.1mA,level.p D39 NULL

rg

D30 ICAN_GND GND D40 NULL

NO. CBCU3 signals Color of wire NOTE
E01 GND(KL.31) L GND
E02 PWR G3 AK
E03 NULL
E04 Turning light right, tractor GA G4,D,H,1.8A
SENSE opt.
E05 Turning light left, tractor GF G4,D,H,1.8A.C
SENSE opt
E06 Braking light ,tractor BA G3,D,H,1.8A,C
E07 Switch illumination EB G4,D,PWM,H,2.6A.C
(PWM signal) (SENSE opt.)
E08 PWR G4 BK
E09 Low beam D G3,D,H,10A,C
SENSE opt
NO. CBCU3 Signals Color NOTE NO. CBCU3 Signals Color of NOTE
of wire wire

F01 Turning light right, KA G2,D,H,5.6A,C F09 GND(KL.31) L GND

trailer SENSE opt.

F02 Turning light right GA G2,D,H,1.8A,C F10 Wiper washer BD G1,D,H,1.8A,C

front &rear, tractor motor

F03 Fog light trailer DFC G2,D,H,3.6A,C F11 Reversing light, BC G1,D,H,1.8A,C
Sense opt trailer
F04 Brake light trailer BA G2,D,H,3.6A,C F12 PWR G1 AB
SENSE opt.

F05 Ignition (KL15) B W,H,1.6mA F13 FWD/Lifting axle BFE G1,D,H,1.0A

solenoid
F06 PWR G2 BL F14 A/C relay I G1,D,H,1.0A

F07 Turning light left GF G1,D,H,1.8A,C F15 Turning light KF G1,D,H,5.6A,C

front &rear, tractor left , trailer SENSE opt

F08 High beam relay C G1,D,H,1.0A,C

SENSE opt
The notice for the CBCU:
• They are the 6 groups of power supply for CBCU3 . Each group supplies power for the
corresponding output pins in its group. Take A01 in CBCU3 for example: G6 is the power
supply for A01. If G6 does not supply power, A01 will have no output.
• CBCU3 has 6 groups of power supply (G1, G2, G3, G4, G5, G6). Each must have its own
fuse for protection. Among them, Group1, 2, 3 ,4,5 and 6 should use the fuse of maximum
20A .
• Connect to the instrument panel (e.g. CMIC), VDR/MTCO and other ECUs, according to
ISO11898, baud rate 250KBAUD. A terminal resistor of 120Ω is integrated in the unit.
• It's the Human-Machine interface. The change of CMIC menus, the set of time and display
illumination can be achieved by adjusting the MCS.
• Assemble or disassemble of the CBCU3 while operating voltage is connected is not
allowed. Otherwise, damage to the CBCU3 and the wire harness (e.g. contact erosion of
the plug and socket connector) may occur.
• It must disconnect the wire harness from CBCU3 and battery during welding. System
must work under operating voltage range.
• Don't touch terminals on CBCU3 with fingers or other conductors.
The notice for the CBCU software:
The program can be updated by EOL, before update the program, please
read and record the original parameters. After update the program, you
need re-write the parameters. Don’t update the program if not necessary.

For the blank CBCU, only the SINOTRUK engineers have right to write
the programs, so if you buy the blank CBCU, please connect with the
local SINOTRUK engineers to write the program. There are plenty
programs for SINOTRUK vehicles, please choose the corresponding
CBCU programs according to vehicle configuration! Besides, the vehicle
parameters need to be set at EOL.

,
 There are two important factors for the CBCU, there are K-factor and M-
factor ., see the follow figure :

In order to check the vehicle basic information for the engineers, K-Factor or M-
Factor will be displayed on this screen, you need use MCS to help you check it. K-
factors, the pulse quantity produced by the odometer for the vehicle running 1Km,
it is changed by the configuration of the vehicle. The detail information is in the
appendix. The K-factor influence the vehicle speed, the K-factor failure will cause
the vehicle limited.
The K factor is calculated by the following formula:

1000×N×i0
K= —————————
2πR×ig
Notice : N is the odometer pulse value, 8or 16; R is the radius of the tire; i g is the
first reduction ratio, when the odometer pulse value is 8, the i g is 1.545, and if the
odometer pulse value is 16, the i g is 1. io is the axle reduction ratio.
The M factor is the alternator speed and engine speed ration ,
we get the engine speed signal from “W” terminal. If you
find the engine speed signal is incorrect, please check the W
terminal. The M factor for the HOWO vehicle is 339,but you
need write 339*6=2034 with EOL when you set the parameters.
(4) CMIC (Customized Modular Instrument Cluster)
CMIC introduction
• CMIC is connected to CBCU3 , VDR/MTCO via ICAN to display vehicle drive
information and error information.
• Speaker or buzzer integrated, it works under error found in system or during turning
or hazard work.
• Reset button to reset trip distance.
• The color of dial is green and pointer is red when illumination on.
• The color of LCD is black background and yellow text. The background illumination
can be adjusted by the MCS.
• 23 telltales to show error indication, warning information or working information.
• All signals of CMIC are from CBCU3 , different from traditional instruments.
• CMIC can be wakened up by CAN, K-line or ignition (KL15). K-line is for SV only.
• Protection class of the front side is IP54, preventing dust and sputtering; rear side is
IP30, forbidding water enter into the inside part to cause short circuit.
• When the power supply at KL30 is interrupted, all pointers will stop at the last
position. After the power supply at KL30 is (re-)connected, the instrument cluster
will perform a POST (power-on-self-test) and then move to the received indication
positions.
1. Odometer 2. tachometer 3. coolant temperature gauge
4. Fuel level gauge 5. trip distance/ trip fuel reset button
6. LCD 7.air pressure gauge, brake circuit 1 8. air pressure gauge, brake circuit 2
Some important operation for CMIC
1.Set the trailer LED
Every time turning on the ignition key, light switches or hazard switch, CBCU3 will
check the status of reverse lights and brake lights of the trailer. If any of them has
power greater than 15W, CBCU3 will take as the trailer has connected. Then,
outputs of the trailer will wok under the operation of corresponding switches.
Considering that some customers will assemble LED trailer lights, we have added
option for setting trailer tail lights. (This is because the power of LED is too small
for CBCU3 to detect the trailer.)
If "W/O trailer or LED" is chosen, CBCU3 will check the bulbs on the trailer
automatically; else if "Trailer with LED" is selected, CBCU3 will take as trailer has
connected mandatorily. After setting, the new parameter is saved until changing
next time.
If KL30 between CBCU3 and battery is powered off , or the CBCU3’s connector F
is loosed, the trailer LED setting should be reset again.
2. ABS error display
For system with CAN DM1 function, such as AMT or ABS. FMI and SPN of error
message will be displayed on LCD when error exists.

Item 1 ABS Error : error source

Item 2: SPN number , indicate the malfunction part
Item 3: FMI number, indicate the malfunction mode.
The other method to test the ABS malfunction is reading the flash code. The
method is as the follows :
1. Turn on the key switch
2. Press the flash code button and hold 1s
3. Read the flash code and solute the problem (the first group number flash 1-8 times, the interval
is 1.5s, the second group number flash 1-6 times, the interval is 4s)
4. Record the flash code
5. Clear the error information, press the flash code button and hold 3s
6. Repeat the above process until finish all error for the system
First group faults code(faults components) Second group faults code(faults position)
1 No fault 1 No fault
2. ABS solenoid valve 1. Right front wheel
3. Sensor clearance too large 2. Left front wheel
4. Sensor short or open circuit 3. Right rear wheel
5. Sensor signal is not stable 4. Left rear wheel
6. Gear ring damaged 5. The third right wheel
6. The third left wheel
1. Data interface
2. ASR differential valve
3. The third brake relay
7 System function 4. ABS lamp
5. ASR layout
6. Proportional valve
7. Breakage of EBL pressure sensor line
8. Tire leakage
1. Low voltage
2. High voltage
8 ECU 3. Internal fault
4. Layout of system fault
5. Ground connection
 III. Read The Electrical Schematic Diagram
1. Brief introduction of the Electrical Schematic Diagram
The schematic diagram for complete vehicle electrical devices is very
important to facilitate the maintenance work. Especially for difficult
issues, the serviceman need circuit diagram to target the cause of
malfunction and then find the solution based on actual condition.
Therefore, the first thing for repairing is to familiarize the schematic
diagram of complete vehicles electrical devices.
The circuit of complete vehicle adopts double wire system to control
the positive pole. Its nominal voltage is 24V, and the wire color is
denoted by capitalized English letter, and the corresponding relation
between letter and color is described as bellow:
letter A B C D E F G H I K L M N

color red black white yellow grey green purple orange blue Light
blue
brown Flat
copper
pink
The advantages for the electrical schematic diagram :
(1) It will give you a complete recognition for the whole vehicle, it is not
only a schematic diagram for the whole vehicle, but also a
interconnected partial schematic diagram. The main point and
difficulty point are obvious, and the complex and simple level is
suitable.
(2) Form a high potential and low potential concept : the negative pole
“-”GND terminal, which is the lowest potential, it is indicated by the
lowest line in the diagram; positive pole “+”, which is the highest
potential and indicated by the highest line. The current direction is
from top to the bottom, the route is : battery positive terminal “+”---
switch---electrical device ---sub-ground---battery negative terminal
(3) Reduce the line bending or crossing, the arrangement is reasonable,
the layout is clear, the equipment symbol is according to the
structure and appearance, which make the diagram easier.
(4) the sub-system is related and the relationship is very clear.
The following shows a schematic diagram (partial) of HOWO7C electrical
devices. According to this diagram, it can be seen that is consist of circuit,
component list, scale, earth point description , etc.
 Electrical symbols (1)

relay
fuse Main
power
switch

motor alternator
battery

diode Solenoid
horn
valve
Electrical symbols (2) ：

Key switch light-emitting mechanical

diode switch

Rocker switch GND resistance

transducer

Electronic air pressure

Sensor bulb switch

Electrical symbols (3) ：

Inductor magnetic heater

clutch

line connection

CAN-bus Electronic 4# connector

Controller 7 th pin

wire connection wire symbol multipin connector

Connect to 1.5 is cross-section X101/3 connector
Page 19,No 4 scale AGC is color 1 st pin
Some terms basic introduction :
(1) Constant power supply
Constant power supply means the power doesn’t through the switch and
supplied by the battery directly.
(2) 30#
30# is only controlled by main switch, which means the 30# is working
after switching on the main switch.
(3) 15#
15# is controlled by key switch driving position, only the key switch at ON
position, the system can get 15#.
(4) 50#
50# is controlled by key switch start position, only the key switch at start
position, the system can get 50#.
(5) 75#
75# is controlled by key switch ACC position, only the key switch at ACC
position. 75# is special power supply, it is used for the electrical appliance
when the engine is off, such as the radio, or lighter.
(6) 31#
31# wire is the cable which connected to the battery negative pole, we can
also call it GND end.
(7) High side control and low side control
There two input signals of the switch : high side control and low side control, these
two control are all exist in CBCU electrical control system, for example, hazard
switch input signals is high side control, the horn switch is low side control.
We will learn the difference by the following picture :
Figure A is high side control, the 24V power supply flow into the relay through the
switch and goes to the negative pole to form the circuit. The switch controls the
power input , which call it input high side control
Figure B is low side control, the 24V power supply flow into the relay and then goes
to the negative pole through switch, switch control the power output, we call it low
side control.
If the air horn doesn’t work, please
analysis this problem according to
the electrical schematic diagram
Working process of horn
IV. Trouble Diagnosis And Troubleshooting

Trouble 1: the exhaust brake doesn’t work

(1) The working principle of the exhaust brake system

Euro II engine : press the exhaust brake button, the CBCU will receive the
exhaust brake requirement, if the system meets all the conditions, the CBCU will
output voltage to drive the exhaust brake solenoid valve , the solenoid valve will
send the compressed air to drive the engine off cylinder and butterfly valve, the air
pressure in the exhaust pipe will increase to consume the engine power and
realize the exhaust brake function. There are four conditions for the exhaust brake
function, otherwise , the system will not work.
1. The gearbox is not at neutral gear position
2. The engine speed is more than 1100r/min
3. Don’t depress the clutch pedal
4. Don’t depress the accelerator pedal
Solve the problem according to the working principle and schematic
diagram under the exhaust brake working conditions

1).Turn the key switch to “on "position, press the exhaust brake button,
check whether the CBCU C39 pin connect with the GND signals
2 ） .start the engine, and shift the gears, when the system meets the
engine exhaust brake conditions (four conditions), check whether the
CBCU output a 5V power supply, if not, check the engine speed signal,
neutral gear signal, if all the signals are normal, which means the CBCU
has problems, otherwise, check the K11 relay and the exhaust brake
solenoid valve.
Notice : shutting down the engine uses partial circuit of the exhaust
brake system, if the engine can shut off, which means the circuit from
CBCU C48 to the solenoid valve is normal, you need check other
parts .

The working principle for shutting the engine:

Off the key switch, the engine speed is more than 350r/min, and the
neutral gear signal is effective, the CBCU pin C48 will output a
voltage to drive the exhaust brake solenoid valve to off the engine.
You can use a test light to test whether the solenoid valve works
normally, disconnect the exhaust brake solenoid valve connector,
connect the socket with the test light, off the engine, you will see the
light will on for 10s.
Example 2: the rear fog light doesn’t work
the operation and working principle for rear foglight

1.the operation for the rear fog light ：

Switch on the key switch to on position, turn on the light switch to
marker light gear (1st gear) ,press the front fog light button, then
press the rear fog light button; or switch on the light button to
headlamp gear (2ed gear), press the rear fog light switch.
2 、 working principle ：
CBCU gets the rear foglight signal, meanwhile, the
CBCU check whether the light switch at 1st gear(D23
connector with power) and the front foglight switch is
on (D6 connects with GND), or check the light switch at
2nd gear (D1 connects with power),CBCU will output a
voltage from C50, the left and right rear foglight E9L
and E9R will get power.
 Malfunction display on CMIC
Foglight rear, D07 FogLi. Re. Switch on small light switch, front fog light
tractor C50 Tractor Short circuit. and rear fog light switch, if short circuit to
to GND ground happened on this output, this error
information would be shown on LCD.
Check the wire and lamp
FogLi. Re. Switch on small light switch, front fog light
Tractor Overload and rear fog light switch, if the output power
sensed is over max. Power (34 –56W). This
error information would be displayed.
Check the power of lamp.

FogLi. Re. Switch on small light switch, front fog light

Tractor Open load and rear fog light switch, if the output power
sensed is below min. power (34 – 56W). This
error information would be displayed.
Check the lamp and wire.
  Analysis and solve the problems with the working
principle and schematic diagram :

switch on marker light switch and front foglight switch, then switch on rear
fog light switch, check CBCU output scignals,D7 AND D6 are connect with
GND,D23 output power, if doesn’t receive these signals, please check the three
switches and their wires, if the input signals are correct, check whether the
CBCU C50 has output power, if not, change the CBCU, if have output power,
check the rear foglight and its wires (you can get assistance with the CMIC
display)
Switch on the light switch 2nd gear and rear foglight switch, check the CBCU
input signals, D7 connects with GND, D1 connects with power, if you can't
detected the corresponding signals, check the two switches and its wires,
If the input signals are normal, check whether the
CBCU C50 has output, if not, change the CBCU,
otherwise, check the rear foglight lamp and wires ( with
the help of the CMIC)
Example 3: the inter-wheel differential lock
doesn’t work (Electrical problem for HOWO 6X4
truck)
operation instruction for interwheel differential lock

The interwheel differential lock and interaxle differential lock are

co-exist for this truck, the operation rules is turning on the
interalxe differential lock first, then turn on the interwheel
differential lock, the vehicle shouldn’t turn and it must run in high
speed.
The differential can be used only at the vehicle parking or driving in
straight at low speed, disengage the clutch and press the
differential lock button, the indicator is on to show the differential
lock engaging completely.
The differential can be off when the vehicle parking or
running in straight at low speed, disengage the clutch, then
turn back the differential lock, when the indicator is off, which
means the differential lock disengages completely.
Trouble shooting with the operation instruction and
schematic diagram:
Turn on the interwheel differential lock, check the conditions of the indicator:

If no signals, check whether the C20 pin gets GND signal, if not, check the
differential lock switch and wires. If it connected with GND, check whether
the CBCU A1 pins output 24V power, if it has, check the interwheel
differential lock solenoid valve and its wire; if not,replace the CBCU.
If it has signals, but just flashing, which means CBCU doesn’t receive the
differential lock position signals. Check whether the D34 gets GND signal, if
no problem, replace the CBCU; otherwise, check the position switch and its
wire of the two interwheel diferential lock.
Other common problems:
Unable to Check the wire between C04 pin of
download CBCU3 and the diagnosis node
program/EOL and also the power supply at the
diagnosis node.

CMIC not Check the fuse supplying power for CMIC.

work Check the power supply of CMIC connectors.
Check the wire between CBCU3 and ICAN.
Air conditioner １ When turning on the key, the air conditioner
relay not relay will connects if battery voltage B+ is higher
work/turn on than 27V; and it will disconnect if battery voltage is
lower than 25W during continuous period( 3s ).
and off
When the engine stops (i.e. engine speed less than
intermittently 350rpm), the relay
will disconnect.
PROBLEM ?
Thank You