Week 3 - Number System

Number Systems
Number Systems
Number systems are very important to understand

because the design and organization of a
computer depends on the number systems. The
four kind of number system used by the digital
computer –
1.Decimal number system
2.Binary number system
3.Octal number system
4.Hexadecimal number system
Decimal Number System
The decimal number system consists of 10 digits namely 0 to 9.

Since the decimal number system consists of 10 digits, the base
or radix of this system is 10.
e.g (405)10 , (145.25)10
Octal Number
System
The octal number system consists of 8 digits namely 0 to 7.

Since the Octal number system consists of 8 digits, the base or radix
of this system is 8.
e.g (76)8 , (55.25)8
Binary Number System
The binary number system consists of 2 digits namely 0 and 1.

Since the binary number system consists of 2 digits, the base or radix
of this system is 2.
e.g (101)2 , (1001.11)2
Hexadecimal Number
System
The Hexadecimal number system, popularly known as Hex system

has 16 symbols, therefore its base/radix in 16.
The 16 symbols used in Hexadecimal system are
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F
e.g (45)16, (11A)16
Conversion between Number
Systems
Decimal into Binary

Step 1. Divide the decimal number by the base of binary using the
repeated-division method.
Step 2. Note the remainder separately.
Step 3. Arrange the remainder in an order where the first remainder
noted is LSD and the last remainder is MSD.
Systems
Decimal into Binary (Contd…)
Systems
Decimal into Octal

Step 1. Divide the decimal number by the base of octal using the
repeated-division method.
noted is LSD and the last remainder is MSB.
Systems
Decimal into Octal (Contd…)

Systems
Decimal into Hexadecimal

Step 1. Divide the decimal number by the base of Hexadecimal
using the repeated-division method.
noted is LSD and the last remainder is MSB.
Systems
Decimal into Hexadecimal (Contd…)

Systems
Binary to Decimal
Any binary number can be converted into decimal number using

the weights assigned to each bit.
e.g. (11011)2
Its decimal equivalent is
1x24+1x23+0x22+1x21+1x20 = (27)10
Systems
Binary to Octal
1.Indirect Method:
Binary  Decimal  Octal
e.g. (11011)2
Its decimal equivalent is
1x24+1x23+0x22+1x21+1x20 = (27)10
(division method)
And its Octal equivalent is (33)8
Binary representation of integers
Binary equivalent of the integers are stored in memory including

one additional bit for representing the sign of integers (positive or
negative).
If the binary equivalent of the integer includes one
additional bit for representing its sign, that binary number
is called signed binary number.
There are three ways for representing the positive and negative
integers into its binary equivalent.
1.Sign magnitude representation
2.One’s Complement
3.Two’s Complement
1.Sign magnitude representation

In the sign magnitude representation, positive number have a
additional bit (sign bit) 0, while the negative number has a sign bit
1, while the magnitude is a simple binary equivalent of the number.
E.g. +5 and -5 can be representing in 6 bit register as:
+5 = 0 00101 and -5 = 1 00101
Note: In every representation

technique , the
representation of positive
number is identical to that
used in the sign magnitude
system i.e simple binary form
including sign bit 0.
2. One’s Complement representation

In one's complement, positive numbers are represented as usual in
signed magnitude. However, negative numbers are represented
differently. To negate a number, replace all zeros with ones, and ones
with zeros - flip the bits.
+12 = 0 0001100, and -12 = 1 1110011.
3. Two’s Complement representation

In two's complement, positive numbers are represented as usual in
signed magnitude. However, negative numbers are represented by
adding 1 in magnitude part of one’s complement.
+12= 0 0001100
-12 = 1 1110011 (1’s complement)
-12 = 1 1110100 (2’s complement)
Binary Addition
Rule for Binary Addition:
0+0=0
0+1=1
1+0=1
1 + 1 = 0 (Carry 1)
Binary Addition
Example:
Add 110101 and 101111
1 1 0 1 0 1
1 0 1 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Binary Addition
Example:
Add 10110 and 1101
1 0 1 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
Any Question?

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Number Systems

Number systems are very important to understand

The decimal number system consists of 10 digits namely 0 to 9.

The octal number system consists of 8 digits namely 0 to 7.

The binary number system consists of 2 digits namely 0 and 1.

The Hexadecimal number system, popularly known as Hex system

Decimal into Binary

Decimal into Octal

Decimal into Octal (Contd…)

Decimal into Hexadecimal

Decimal into Hexadecimal (Contd…)

Any binary number can be converted into decimal number using

Binary equivalent of the integers are stored in memory including

1.Sign magnitude representation

Note: In every representation

2. One’s Complement representation

3. Two’s Complement representation

Rule for Binary Addition:

Add 110101 and 101111

Add 10110 and 1101

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