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Earth and Life Science SHS 1.4 Encounter Theory

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Earth and Life Science SHS 1.4 Encounter Theory

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Earth and Life Science SHS 1.4 Encounter Theory

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Lesson 1.

Encounter Theory
explain the origin of
1 the solar system based
on the encounter
theory;
differentiate the
2 planetesimal theory
At the end from the tidal theory;
of the
identify the proponents
lesson, you
should be
3 of the planetesimal
theory and tidal theory;
able to: and
enumerate the drawbacks
4 of the planetesimal
theory and tidal theory.
The Encounter Theory
• The Encounter Theory
proposes that the planets
were formed from the
material ejected from the
sun during an encounter
with another celestial
object, such as another
star.
An artistic visualization
of the encounter theory
Planetesimal Theory
• Planetesimal Theory​, is a form of encounter theory.
• It proposes that a passing star termed as intruding
star nearly collided with the protosun.
• The massive gravitational pull of the intruding star
causes the protosun to eject filaments of material
which then condensed into planetesimals.
• This theory describes how Earth started from a solid
mass smaller than its present size.
Proponents of the Planetesimal Theory
● Thomas Chrowder
Chamberlin proposed that
accretion of minute solid
particles created planets and
their moons rather than by
gaseous or liquid material
condensation.
● Forest Ray Moulton Thomas Forest Ray
provided the mathematical Chrowder Moulton
Drawbacks of the Planetesimal Theory
• Planetesimal theory is no longer accepted today due to
the fact that hot material from the sun expands and
dissipates rather than contract.
• In addition, the force from the passing star will pull dust
and gases far away from the sun, that they would not
be able to form the planets in the solar system.
The Tidal Theory
• The Tidal Theory explains
that the solar system formed
as a result of a near collision
between a passing star and the
sun.
• This theory proposes that the
hot gas from the passing star
condensed into planets instead
of condensing into The lengthy tidal tails of
planetesimals. the colliding antennae
Proponents of the Tidal Theory
• The tidal theory was
proposed by James Jeans,
an English physicist and
astronomer, and Harold
Jeffreys, an English
mathematician and
astronomer in 1918.

Sir James Jeans


Drawbacks of the Tidal Theory
• One problem of the
tidal theory is that the
hot material from
either star cannot
contract.
• Thus, planets will not
form.

Stars Collision
The encounter theory proposes that the planets
1 formed from the material ejected from the sun
during an encounter with another celestial object.

It has several forms, including the planetisimal


2 theory and the tidal theory.

The ​planetesimal theory describes Earth starting


3 from a solid mass smaller than its present size. It
was proposed by Thomas Chrowder
Chamberlin​and an Forest Ray Moulton.
The planetary theory is no longer accepted due to
4 the fact that hot material from the sun will expand
and dissipate rather than contract

The ​tidal theory proposes that the hot gas from


the passing star condensed into planets instead of
5 condensing into planetesimals. It was proposed by
James Jeans and Harold Jeffreys.

One problem of the tidal theory is that the hot


6 material from either star cannot contract so planets
will not form.
Arrange the following events in the
planetesimal theory in order. Write
numbers 1 to 5.
__________ Materials ejected from the protosun
condensed
into planetesimals.
__________ The oceans and the atmosphere were
formed on
Earth through volcanic activities.
__________ The planets formed by accretion.
__________ The protosun ejects filaments of
Arrange the following events in the tidal
theory in order. Write numbers 1 to 5.
__________ These bodies further condensed into
planets.
__________ The gravitational attraction pulled the
mass of
dust and gas from the remaining nebula
around
the sun.
__________ The particles clump to form cosmic bodies
of
What is the similarity and difference between
planetesimal and tidal theory?
Rodney Holder and Simon Mitton. 2013. Georges Lemaître: Life, Science and Legacy, Germany:
Springer Science & Business Media.

John Chambers and Jacqueline Mitton. 2013. From Dust to Life: The Origin and Evolution of Our
Solar System, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

Michael Mark Woolfson. 2012. Time, Space, Stars and Man: The Story of the BigBang, Singapore:
World Scientific.

J. Schombert. 2012. Origin of the Solar System. Accessed March 16, 2017
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/ast121/lectures/lec24.html

D. Darling. 2016. Chamberlin-Moulton planetesimal hypothesis. Accessed March 16,2017


http://www.daviddarling.info/encyclopedia/C/CMplanhypoth.html
● Slide 5: These files T.C.Chamberlin.gif from University of Wisconsin - Madison Archivesand
Forest Ray Moulton extracted by Jochen Burghardt are in Public Domain via
Wikimedia Commons

● Slide 7: This file, NGC40384039 by Brad Whitmore (STScI) and NASA, is in public domain
via Wikimedia Commons.

● Slide 8: This file, James Hopwood Jeans is in public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

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