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    Process of Research and Literature Review

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    ahtasham ali
    Research notes papers

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    Process of Research and Literature Review

    Uploaded by

    ahtasham ali
    3 views19 pages
    Research notes papers

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Research notes papers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    3 views19 pages

    Process of Research and Literature Review

    Uploaded by

    ahtasham ali
    Research notes papers

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
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    Research Process and

    Literature Review
    Muhammad Nasar Iqbal
    Lahore School of Behavioural Sciences
    The University of Lahore
    The Research Process
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    F-O-U
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design


    • Cross-sectional
    • Longitudinal
    • Correlational
    • Experimental
    • Survey method
    • Case study
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing or selection of instrument for data collection


    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

    4. Selection of sample
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

    4. Selection of sample

    5. Writing a research proposal


    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

    4. Selection of sample

    5. Writing a research proposal

    6. Collecting data
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

    4. Selection of sample

    5. Writing a research proposal

    6. Collecting data

    7. Processing data
    Process/Stages of Complete
    Research
    1. Formulating a Research Problem/topic

    2. Conceptualizing a Research Design

    3. Constructing an instrument for data collection

    4. Selection of sample

    5. Writing a research proposal

    6. Collecting data

    7. Processing data

    8. Writing a research report


    Literature
    Review
    What is Literature Review?
    • An integral part of the research process.

    • Prior available information related to your interested area/topic.

    • Makes a valuable contribution to every step (sample, variables,


    demographics, scales etc.).

    • It helps you to establish the theoretical roots of your study.

    • Clarify your ideas and develop your research methodology.


    Searching for the Existing Literature
    Following are the sources that you can use:
    • Books
    • Journals
    • Bibliography/References
    • Internet (Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis, Journals hub, PubMed,
    Sch-Hub etc.)
    How to Review the Literature?
    There are four steps involved in conducting a literature review:
    • Searching for the existing literature in your area of study.
    • Reviewing the selected literature.
    • Developing a theoretical Bacground.
    • Developing a conceptual framework.
    Continue…
    Suppose you are studying the higher academic achievement among high
    school children. What could be possible themes in this area:
    • Home environment

    • Peer group pressure

    • Involvement in sports

    • Self- confidence

    • Motivation in study

    • Parents educational background

    • Relationship with teachers


    Theoretical Bacground
    • When you enlist number of main issues and themes then relate them with
    developed theories.
    Conceptual Framework
    • Theoretical background only talk about generally while we explain or relate
    people’s problems specifically in conceptual framework.

    • When we understand our problems with the help of developed theories.


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