Workshop Drill

Lathe Machine
» Lathe is a machine, which

removes the metal from a piece of
work to the required shape and
size.
» A lathe operates on the principle

of a rotating work piece and a fixed
cutting
tool.
» The cutting tool is feed into the

work piece, which rotates about its
own axis,
causing the work piece to be
formed to the desired shape.
SIGNIFICANT
BED
PARTS OF
MACHINE
1. It the base or foundation of lathe.
2. It’s a single piece casting made to support other parts.
• Bed
3. Two sets of guide ways are at the top for carriage and tail
stock.
• Head stock
3. Outer ways is for carriage and inner ways is for the
tailstock.
• Tail stock
4. Bed length is one of the specifications of lathe.
• Carriage
• HEADSTOCK TAILSTOCK
Permanently fastened on the . It is situated at opposite side of headstock

inner ways at the left side if the mounted on the inner guide ways of the
bed lathe bed.
• Headstock spindle is hollow
. It can be locked at any position along
the bed
cylindrical shaft supported by . Tailstock spindle is hollow tapered shaft,
bearing, and provides driving from that can be used to hold the dead center or
motor to the holding device. other tools.
• A live center and sleeve, a face . Hand wheel is used to fix the position of
plate, or chuck can be fitted to the the dead center with spindle.
spindle nose to hold and drive the
work.
CARRIAGE
. it controls and supports the cutting tool

Lathe machine operation
Turning, Knurling ,Drilling/boring etc
TURNING
Turning is a machining process in which a
cutting tool, typically a non-rotary tool bit,
describes a helix tool path by moving more or
less linearly while the work piece rotates.
KNURLING
Knurling is a manufacturing process, typically

conducted on a lathe, whereby a pattern of
straight, angled or crossed lines is cut or rolled into the
material.
DRILLING MACHINE
• The drilling machine or drill press
is one of the most common and
useful machine employed in
industry for producing forming
and finishing holes in a work
piece. The unit essentially consists
of:
• 1. A spindle which turns the tool

(called drill) which can be
advanced in the work piece either
automatically or by hand.
• 2. A work table which holds the

work piece rigidly in position.
Bench Drilling Machine :- The simplest
type of sensitive drilling machine is
shown in figure. This is used for light
duty drilling work. This machine is
capable to drill hole up to 12.5mm
diameter
• 1. Motor :- An electric motor supplies

the required driving force to stepped
pulley.
• 2. Base :- Base is the bottom part of

machine in which the column is fitted
upright.
• 3. Feed handle :- Handle is provided to

feed the drill in to the work piece. A
rake and pinion mechanism is
- provided to drive the chuck.
Different Drills are specified for different

materials
Following operations can be performed through
drill machine
• Drilling
• Reaming
• Boring
• Counter boring
• Countersinking
• Tapping
Boring
Counter sinking
reaming
MILLING MACHINE
• As the work piece moves against the
cutting edges of milling cutter, metal is
removed in form chips
• Machined surface is formed in one or more

passes of the work.
• The work to be machined is held in a vice,

a rotary table, three jaw chuck, an index
head, in a special fixture or bolted to
machine table.
• In many applications, due to its higher

production rate and accuracy, milling
machine has even replaced shapers and
slotters.
• The horizontal milling
machine has a spindle that
is parallel to the shop floor
and an overarm that extends
over the workpiece.
• The overarm supports the

arbor, which holds the
milling cutter.
• On the horizontal mill, the

arbor is the component that
rotates the milling cutter.
operations
WEILDING
• WEILDING is a process of joining two metals by heating them up at a suitable
temperature, with or without the application of pressure, filler material or flux
TYPES OF WEILDING
Gas Welding is a fusion welding process, in which the

heat for welding is obtained by the combustion of
oxygen and fuel the gas may be acetylene ,hydrogen or
Propene.
- Oxy- Acetylene
- Air-Acetylene
- Oxy-Hydrogen
- Oxy-Fuel
• Advantages: Disadvantages:
. Portable and most versatile process. . Not suitable for heavy section.
. Better control over the temperature. . Less working temperature of gas flame.
. Slow rate of heating.
. Suitable to weld dissimilar matter.
. Low cost & maintenance.
Arc welding is a fusion welding process in which the

heat required to fuse the metal is obtain from the
electric arc between the base metal and an electrode.
Types- 1. Uses an electric arc to

Metal Arc Welding coalesce metals
Submerged Arc Welding
1. Arc welding is the most
Tungsten Inert Gas Welding common method of
Metal Inert Gas Welding welding metals
1. Electricity travels from

electrode to base metal
to ground
• Advantages Disadvantages
Most efficient way to join metals
Manually applied,
• Lowest-cost joining method
therefore high labour cost.
Need high energy causing

• Affords lighter weight through danger
better utilization of materials
Not convenient for
• Joins all commercial disassembly.
• metals
Defects are hard to detect
at joints.
• Provides design flexibility
Grinding machine
• The grinding machine is a kind of tool which is used for grinding work pieces.
• Grinding machine it makes use of an abrasive wheel in the form of a cutting tool.
• The rough surface of the abrasive wheel shreds away small pieces of the work piece as
needed. Each grain of abrasive on the wheel's surface cuts a small chip from he
workpiece via shear deformation.
WORKING PRINCIPAL
Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel.

Due to action of rubbing or friction between the abrasive
particles and work piece material is removed.
Purpose of grinding
To keep the working tool in proper conditions and reduce
costs of the purchase of a new tool
The working tool is in fact any cutting tools including

knives, scissors, joiner’s and other tools having similar
properties and functions.
Grinding systems of this type have to be of good quality,

reliable and easily operable.
Surface grinder
• The surface grinding machine is
used for grinding flat surfaces.
• The workpiece is supported on a

rectangular table which moves back
and forth and reciprocates beneath
the grinding wheel.
• A surface grinder consists of an

abrasive wheel, a chuck (a workpiece
holding device), and a rotary table.
• The chuck is used to hold the

material in place while the wheel and
object are rotated to produce a
smooth finish.
Engraving machine
• Engraving is the fine art of printing or engraving. This is usually done using a
small
• hand machine. An engraving machine is used to place the names or initials or
• sequence of objects on something. Engraving is an extremely tedious work.
It is commonly done on materials like glass, wood, plastic sheet and different
kind of stones
These machines are commonly used on metals, such as gold, copper,
brass, silver,
platinum, stainless steel, aluminum and even iron. These gifts are
worthy to be
cherished for several years. Some professional engraving equipment is
used for bigger
business items and also smaller table models.
These machines have several uses from suitcases tags to dog labels
or tags. They are -
also utilized making name plates, name badges and even trophy
plates.

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Lathe Machine

» Lathe is a machine, which

» A lathe operates on the principle

» The cutting tool is feed into the

Permanently fastened on the . It is situated at opposite side of headstock

. it controls and supports the cutting tool

Knurling is a manufacturing process, typically

• 1. A spindle which turns the tool

• 2. A work table which holds the

• 1. Motor :- An electric motor supplies

• 2. Base :- Base is the bottom part of

• 3. Feed handle :- Handle is provided to

- provided to drive the chuck.

Different Drills are specified for different

• Machined surface is formed in one or more

• The work to be machined is held in a vice,

• In many applications, due to its higher

• The overarm supports the

• On the horizontal mill, the

Gas Welding is a fusion welding process, in which the

Arc welding is a fusion welding process in which the

Types- 1. Uses an electric arc to

1. Electricity travels from

Need high energy causing

Work piece is fed against the rotating abrasive wheel.

The working tool is in fact any cutting tools including

Grinding systems of this type have to be of good quality,

• The workpiece is supported on a

• A surface grinder consists of an

• The chuck is used to hold the

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