unit 2 biophysics (1)part

BIOPHYSICS
UNIT 2 - MOTION
BY
FAUZIA ARSHI
INTRODUCTION
• Motion helps in many ways in day-to-day life. For example, it allows us

to move around and get things done, which is essential to
accomplishing tasks and fulfilling our needs. It also allows to engage in
physical activity, which is important for maintaining our overall health
and well-being. Additionally, motion can be used in various forms of
transportation, such as cars, buses, and trains, which allow to move
from one place to another. Overall, motion is a fundamental aspect of
our daily lives that help to accomplish our goals and maintain our
physical and mental well-being
CONCEPT OF MOTION
• Motion is defined as the change in position of an object with respect to

its surroundings in a given interval of time. Motion is an important part
of everyday life; for example, the earth moves around sun in an orbit,
all the heavenly bodies have its own motion, the organs inside the
body have motion, and the heart pumps blood all over the body, thus
circulating blood each and every cell. Motion seems to be essential in
our lives as well as influences so many of our activities. We will state
that a boy is in motion, if he is walking down the street from his school
to his home.
VECTOR AND SCALAR QUANTITIES
The physical quantities can be divided into two categories; scalar and
vector quantities as follows: 1.
• Scalar quantities: The physical quantities which have magnitude but
no direction are called scalar quantities. They can be added,
subtracted, multiplied and divided using the laws of algebra. A scalar
quantity is specified by a number and unit where number represents its
magnitude. Mass, length, temperature, time, work, etc., are some
examples of scalar quantities
2. Vector quantities:
The physical quantities having both the magnitude and the direction are
called vector quantities. For examples, displacement, velocity
acceleration, force, weight, etc. Vectors can be negative, positive or zero.
APPLICATION OF SCALAR QUANTITIES IN
NURSING
• Temperature: Temperature is a scalar quantity that measures the
degree of hotness or coldness of a substance. Temperature is a scalar
used for diagnosing and monitoring various conditions. For example,
body temperature is monitored to detect fever, which can be a sign of
infection or other medical issues.
• Pressure: Pressure is used in medicine to measure the force exerted
on a given area. Blood pressure is a important parameter of human
body. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements are used to
assess the health of the cardiovascular system and diagnose conditions
like hypertension.
• Mass: Mass is a scalar quantity that measures the amount of matter in
an object. Mass is used to quantify body composition and is essential
for assessing nutrition and diagnosing conditions related to weight
management. The measurement of body mass index (BMI) is used to
categorize individuals as underweight, normal weight, overweight or
obese
APPLICATION OF VECTOR QUANTITIES IN
NURSING
• Velocity: Velocity can be important when studying blood flow in
arteries and veins. For instance, in Doppler ultrasound, velocity vectors
are used to assess blood flow direction and speed in vessels, which are
crucial in diagnosing conditions like deep vein thrombosis or assessing
the heart function.
• Force: Force vectors can be applied to study biomechanics, such as
the forces exerted on bones and joints during movement or impact.
This is useful in orthopedics and physical therapy for assessing and
treating musculoskeletal conditions.
• Magnetic field: Magnetic fields are used in medical imaging,
particularly in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI machines
generate powerful magnetic fields with specific orientations to create
detailed images of the body’s internal structures. The vector nature of
magnetic fields is essential for understanding the precise spatial
information captured in MRI scans
APPLICATION OF VECTORS IN NURSING
• The concept of vectors has numerous applications in nursing. These are
as follows:
• Application of equilibrium and vector addition: Force is a vector
quantity. The concept of equilibrium and vector addition is applied in
the force produced by traction and muscle action respectively.
• Muscle action: The fibers of muscles of body pass in different
directions from a point of attachment which is common. The resultant
force produced is an outcome of the addition of these forces based on
laws of vectors addition. Rarely, the force of a single muscle in one
direction is involved in its movement.
THANKYOU

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BIOPHYSICS

• Motion helps in many ways in day-to-day life. For example, it allows us

• Motion is defined as the change in position of an object with respect to

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